Alternative chromatographic system for the quality control of lipophilic technetium-99m radiopharmaceuticals such as [(99m)Tc(MIBI)6].

Knowledge of the radiochemical purity of radiopharmaceuticals is mandatory and can be evaluated by several methods and techniques. Planar chromatography is the technique normally employed in nuclear medicine since it is simple, rapid and usually of low cost. There is no standard system for the chromatographic technique, but price, separation efficiency and short time for execution must be considered. We have studied an alternative system using common chromatographic stationary phase and alcohol or alcohol:chloroform mixtures as the mobile phase, using the lipophilic radiopharmaceutical [(99m)Tc(MIBI)6]⁺ as a model. Whatman 1 modified phase paper and absolute ethanol, Whatman 1 paper and methanol:chloroform (25:75), Whatman 3MM paper and ethanol:chloroform (25:75), and the more expensive ITLC-SG and 1-propanol:chloroform (10:90) were suitable systems for the direct determination of radiochemical purity of [(99m)Tc(MIBI)6]⁺ since impurities such as (99m)Tc-reduced-hydrolyzed (RH), (99m)TcO(4)(-) and [(99m)Tc(cysteine)2]⁻ complex were completely separated from the radiopharmaceutical, which moved toward the front of chromatographic systems while impurities were retained at the origin. The time required for analysis was 4 to 15 min, which is appropriate for nuclear medicine routines.

Alternative chromatographic system for the quality control of lipophilic technetium-99m radiopharmaceuticals such as [99mTc(MIBI)6]+

Knowledge of the radiochemical purity of radiopharmaceuticals is mandatory and can be evaluated by several methods and techniques. Planar chromatography is the technique normally employed in nuclear medicine since it is simple, rapid and usually of low cost. There is no standard system for the chromatographic technique, but price, separation efficiency and short time for execution must be considered. We have studied an alternative system using common chromatographic stationary phase and alcohol or alcohol:chloroform mixtures as the mobile phase, using the lipophilic radiopharmaceutical [99mTc(MIBI)6]+ as a model. Whatman 1 modified phase paper and absolute ethanol, Whatman 1 paper and methanol:chloroform (25:75), Whatman 3MM paper and ethanol:chloroform (25:75), and the more expensive ITLC-SG and 1-propanol:chloroform (10:90) were suitable systems for the direct determination of radiochemical purity of [99mTc(MIBI)6]+ since impurities such as99mTc-reduced-hydrolyzed (RH),99mTcO4- and [99mTc(cysteine)2]-complex were completely separated from the radiopharmaceutical, which moved toward the front of chromatographic systems while impurities were retained at the origin. The time required for analysis was 4 to 15 min, which is appropriate for nuclear medicine routines.

Probability of pregnancy in beef heifers / Probabilidade de prenhez em novilhas de corte

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of initial weight, initial age, average daily gain in initial weight, average daily gain in total weight and genetic group on the probability of pregnancy in primiparous females of the Nellore, 1/2 Simmental + 1/2 Nellore, and 3/4 Nellore + 1/4 Simmental genetic groups. Data were collected from the livestock file of the Farpal Farm, located in the municipality of Jaíba, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The pregnancy diagnosis results (success = 1 and failure = 0) were used to determine the probability of pregnancy that was modeled using logistic regression by the Proc Logistic procedure available on SAS (Statistical..., 2004) software, from the regressor variables initial weight, average daily gain in initial weight, average daily gain in total weight, and genetic group. Initial weight (IW) was the most important variable in the probability of pregnancy in heifers, and 1-kg increments in IW allowed for increases of 5.8, 9.8 and 3.4% in the probability of pregnancy in Nellore, 1/2 Simmental + 1/2 Nellore and, 3/4 Nellore + 1/4 Simmental heifers, respectively. The initial age influenced the probability of pregnancy in Nellore heifers. From the estimates of the effects of each variable it was possible to determine the minimum initial weights for each genetic group. This information can be used to monitor the development of heifers until the breeding season and increase the pregnancy rate.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar a influência do peso inicial, idade inicial, ganho médio diário em peso inicial, ganho médio diário em peso total e grupo genético sobre a probabilidade de prenhez de fêmeas primíparas da raça Nellore, 1/2 Simental + 1/2 Nelore e 3/4 Nelore + 1/4 Simental. Os dados analisados foram do arquivo zootécnico da Fazenda Farpal, localizada no município de Jaíba, Minas Gerais. O resultado do diagnóstico de gestação (sucesso=1 e insucesso=0) foi utilizado para determinar a probabilidade de prenhez que foi modelada por meio de regressão logística pelo procedimento Logistic disponível no SAS, a partir das variáveis regressoras peso inicial, ganho médio diário em peso inicial, ganho médio diário em peso total e grupo genético. O peso inicial foi a variável de maior relevância na probabilidade de prenhez de novilhas e incrementos de 1,0kg no peso inicial possibilitaram acréscimos de 5,8; 9,8 e 3,4% na probabilidade de prenhez de novilhas Nelore, 1/2 Simental + 1/2 Nelore e 3/4 Nelore + 1/4 Simental, respectivamente. Entretanto o ganho médio diário em peso inicial e ganho médio diário em peso total não apresentaram efeito significativo na probabilidade de prenhez das novilhas. A idade inicial influenciou a probabilidade de prenhez das novilhas Nelore. A partir das estimativas dos efeitos de cada variável, foi possível determinar o peso inicial mínimo para cada grupo genético. Essa informação pode ser usada para monitorar o desenvolvimento de novilhas até a estação de monta e aumentar a taxa de prenhez.(AU)

Probability of pregnancy in beef heifers / Probabilidade de prenhez em novilhas de corte

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of initial weight, initial age, average daily gain in initial weight, average daily gain in total weight and genetic group on the probability of pregnancy in primiparous females of the Nellore, 1/2 Simmental + 1/2 Nellore, and 3/4 Nellore + 1/4 Simmental genetic groups. Data were collected from the livestock file of the Farpal Farm, located in the municipality of Jaíba, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The pregnancy diagnosis results (success = 1 and failure = 0) were used to determine the probability of pregnancy that was modeled using logistic regression by the Proc Logistic procedure available on SAS (Statistical..., 2004) software, from the regressor variables initial weight, average daily gain in initial weight, average daily gain in total weight, and genetic group. Initial weight (IW) was the most important variable in the probability of pregnancy in heifers, and 1-kg increments in IW allowed for increases of 5.8, 9.8 and 3.4% in the probability of pregnancy in Nellore, 1/2 Simmental + 1/2 Nellore and, 3/4 Nellore + 1/4 Simmental heifers, respectively. The initial age influenced the probability of pregnancy in Nellore heifers. From the estimates of the effects of each variable it was possible to determine the minimum initial weights for each genetic group. This information can be used to monitor the development of heifers until the breeding season and increase the pregnancy rate...

Objetivou-se avaliar a influência do peso inicial, idade inicial, ganho médio diário em peso inicial, ganho médio diário em peso total e grupo genético sobre a probabilidade de prenhez de fêmeas primíparas da raça Nellore, 1/2 Simental + 1/2 Nelore e 3/4 Nelore + 1/4 Simental. Os dados analisados foram do arquivo zootécnico da Fazenda Farpal, localizada no município de Jaíba, Minas Gerais. O resultado do diagnóstico de gestação (sucesso=1 e insucesso=0) foi utilizado para determinar a probabilidade de prenhez que foi modelada por meio de regressão logística pelo procedimento Logistic disponível no SAS, a partir das variáveis regressoras peso inicial, ganho médio diário em peso inicial, ganho médio diário em peso total e grupo genético. O peso inicial foi a variável de maior relevância na probabilidade de prenhez de novilhas e incrementos de 1,0kg no peso inicial possibilitaram acréscimos de 5,8; 9,8 e 3,4% na probabilidade de prenhez de novilhas Nelore, 1/2 Simental + 1/2 Nelore e 3/4 Nelore + 1/4 Simental, respectivamente. Entretanto o ganho médio diário em peso inicial e ganho médio diário em peso total não apresentaram efeito significativo na probabilidade de prenhez das novilhas. A idade inicial influenciou a probabilidade de prenhez das novilhas Nelore. A partir das estimativas dos efeitos de cada variável, foi possível determinar o peso inicial mínimo para cada grupo genético. Essa informação pode ser usada para monitorar o desenvolvimento de novilhas até a estação de monta e aumentar a taxa de prenhez...