RESUMO
Resumo Este estudo busca relacionar as questões bioéticas acerca da quarentena como ferramenta de mitigação da pandemia de covid-19 na sociedade. Trata-se de revisão integrativa da literatura, seguindo os critérios da Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses nas etapas pertinentes. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, PubMed e SciELO, procurando textos publicados entre 2019 e 2020, em inglês, espanhol e português. Dentre os artigos identificados, sete foram selecionados para compor este trabalho, sendo dois dos Estados Unidos, dois da Espanha, um da Finlândia, um da Austrália e um de Bangladesh. Os estudos ressaltam que, apesar de a quarentena e o isolamento serem as únicas estratégias conhecidas até o momento, é necessário desenvolver políticas que levem em consideração os princípios bioéticos, focando, por exemplo, populações em situação de vulnerabilidade social, que necessitam de suporte para estabelecer tal medida.
Abstract This study seeks to relate the bioethical questions about the quarantine as a mitigation tool of the COVID-19 pandemic in society. It is an integrative review, following criteria of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses at the pertinent phases. The search was carried out in the databases Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, PubMed and SciELO, searching texts published between 2019 and 2020, in English, Spanish and Portuguese. Among the identified articles, seven were selected to be part of this work, of those, two are from the United States, two from Spain, one from Finland, one from Australia, and one from Bangladesh. The studies show that, despite the quarantine and the distancing being the only strategies known up to this moment, developing politics that consider bioethical principles, focusing on, for example, socially vulnerable populations, who need support to establish this measure, is necessary.
Resumen Este estudio pretende relacionar las cuestiones bioéticas sobre la cuarentena como herramienta de mitigación para la pandemia del Covid-19. Esta es una revisión integradora de la literatura basada en los criterios del Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses en las etapas correspondientes. Se realizó en las bases de datos Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, PubMed y SciELO una búsqueda de artículos publicados entre 2019 y 2020, en inglés, español y portugués. Entre los artículos identificados, se seleccionaron siete: dos de Estados Unidos, dos de España, uno de Finlandia, uno de Australia y uno de Bangladesh. Los estudios destacan que, aunque la cuarentena y el aislamiento son las únicas estrategias conocidas hasta el momento, es necesario desarrollar políticas que tengan en cuenta los principios bioéticos, centrándose, por ejemplo, en las poblaciones en situación de vulnerabilidad social, que necesitan apoyo para cumplir tal medida.
Assuntos
Bioética , Quarentena , Pandemias , COVID-19RESUMO
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection can cause acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). However, it is rare in immunocompetent people. We describe a 17-year-old patient who was brought with flu-like symptoms. After one week, she experienced rapidly progressive weakness in all four extremities, followed by coma. The neurologic examination showed no response to verbal and pain stimuli. A Babinski sign was noted in both lower extremities, along with clonus and hyperreflexia in all four limbs. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated extensive areas of hyperintense signal on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences in the white matter which was asymmetrically distributed in both hemispheres, as well as in the brainstem and cerebellar peduncles, compatible with acute demyelinating lesions. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed mild lymphocytic pleocytosis and normal glucose levels. Polymerase chain reaction to herpes simplex virus was negative. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) were positive for cytomegalovirus. The patient was treated with methylprednisolone pulse therapy for five days. Subsequently, the patient showed neurologic improvement with the recovery of consciousness and muscle strength. In terms of prognosis, in patients with ADEM, the sooner the diagnosis, the better the outcome. The cornerstone of treatment is immunosuppression with steroids. Some patients require intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) or plasmapheresis, and in refractory cases, cyclophosphamide is used.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of morbidity due to traffic accidents in children and adolescents and its relationship with maxillofacial injuries in the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed 533 forensic reports of individuals aged 0-19 years, victims of external causes in Campina Grande, Brazil, in 2013. Data were collected through a form containing variables sex, age, day of week, time, type of traffic accident, injured body region, presence of fractures, maxillofacial and oral cavity injuries. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS) was used for data analysis. Prevalence ratios and confidence intervals at 95% were estimated with the chi-square test. RESULTS: There was predominance of males (75.0%) aged 15-19 years (65.0%), with association between sex and occurrence of traffic accidents (p <0.001). The afternoon shift recorded 36.7% of cases of accidents involving motorcyclists (55.0%). In 25.0% of cases, there were injuries on the head and 26.7% on the face. Head and face injuries were observed in 10.0% of patients, while maxillofacial and oral cavity injuries were present in 21.7% and 6.7%, respectively. There was an association between occurrence of accident and face injuries (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: Traffic accidents affect mostly young male individuals, causing multiple injuries in different body areas, including maxillofacial and oral cavity injuries. .
OBJETIVO: Analisar a prevalência de morbidade por acidentes de trânsito em crianças e adolescentes e sua relação com lesões maxilofaciais na cidade de Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal, que analisou 533 laudos de exames de corpo de delito de indivíduos de 0 a 19 anos vitimados por causas externas em Campina Grande, Brasil, no ano de 2013. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um formulário, contendo as variáveis sexo, faixa etária, dia da semana, horário, tipo de acidente de trânsito, região do corpo acometida, presença de fratura, lesão maxilofacial e lesão na cavidade bucal. Utilizou-se o software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) para análise dos dados. Foram estimadas as razões de prevalência e intervalos de confiança a 95%, com emprego do teste do Qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: Houve predominância do sexo masculino (75,0%), e da faixa etária de 15 a 19 anos (65,0%), existindo associação entre sexo e ocorrência de acidente de transporte (p<0,001). O turno da tarde registrou 36,7% dos casos e os acidentes envolvendo motociclistas 55,0%. Em 25,0% dos casos houve injúrias na cabeça e em 26,7% na face. Fratura na cabeça e face foi verificada em 10,0% da amostra, enquanto lesões maxilofaciais e na cavidade bucal estiveram presentes em 21,7% e 6,7%, respectivamente. Verificou-se associação entre ocorrência do acidente e acometimento da região da face (p= 0,009). CONCLUSÃO: Os acidentes de trânsito acometem indivíduos jovens, do sexo masculino, acarretando múltiplas injúrias em distintas regiões do corpo, com lesões na região maxilofacial e cavidade bucal. .
