Psychometric design and validation of a tool to assess the medication administration process through simulation in undergraduate nursing students.

BACKGROUND: Medication errors account for 38% of adverse events reported among undergraduate nursing students. Simulation provides training for nursing students in the medication administration process. However, there is a lack of reliable and valid instruments to measure its assessment. OBJECTIVES: To design and validate a new tool (MEDICORRECT) to assess undergraduate nursing students in the medication administration process using a high-fidelity simulation scenario. DESIGN AND METHODS: Study participants were fourth year undergraduate nursing students at the University of Barcelona. Phase 1 consisted of tool design and drafting, and content validity and feasibility analyses. Phase 2 covered construct validity and interrater reliability. A factor analysis was conducted, involving a principal component analysis and varimax rotation. FINDINGS: Of 21 initial items, 11 were eliminated because of low content validity ratio, 4 of which assessed cognitive skills such as administering the right medicine at the right dose, which were impossible to observe in the simulation scenario. The final version of MEDICORRECT contained 10 items. The exploratory factor analysis identified a four-factorial model explaining 67.3% of the variance. Interrater agreement measured with Kappa was greater than 0.70 for 80% of items. CONCLUSIONS: The 10 items in MEDICORRECT are relevant and feasible, have suitable psychometric properties and reflect the practical skills identified in the medication administration process. The tool excludes cognitive skills, which should be included and assessed during prebriefing.

Prevención y tratamiento de las lesiones cutáneas asociadas a la ventilación mecánica no invasiva. Recomendaciones de expertos / Prevention and treatment of skin lesions associated with non-invasive mechanical ventilation. Recommendations of experts

Introducción: En las 2 últimas décadas la ventilación mecánica no invasiva (VNI) se ha consolidado como estrategia inicial para el abordaje de la insuficiencia respiratoria en el paciente crítico adulto y pediátrico. Objetivos: Identificar los factores de riesgo y estrategias preventivas para disminuir la incidencia de lesiones cutáneas asociadas a dispositivos clínicos (LESADIC) relacionadas con la VNI, así como el tratamiento más eficaz para las lesiones que no se han podido evitar. Metodología: Revisión en las bases de datos MEDLINE, CINAHL y Cochrane de estudios publicados en los últimos 10años para llegar al consenso mediante panel de expertos. Resultados: Los conocimientos acerca de cómo medir la talla correcta de máscara y la protección de la piel con apósitos de espuma o hidrocoloides son factores relacionados con la incidencia de LESADIC, pues condiciona el grado de presión-fricción y cizalla que la interfaz ejerce sobre la piel. La interfaz que menos LESADIC causa y es mejor tolerada es la máscara facial. Cuando hay lesiones, lo primero es retirar la interfaz que provoca presión sobre la piel dañada, recomendando como alternativa el casco Helmet(R), tratar la infección, gestionar el exudado y estimular piel perilesional. Conclusiones: La máscara de elección es la facial, siempre con uso de apósitos de espuma o hidrocoloides en el puente nasal. Evaluar el estado de la piel debajo la interfaz y arnés entre las 4 h (recomendable) y 11 h (máximo). Valorar la estrategia de rotación de la interfase a las 24 h si la VNI sigue siendo necesaria de forma continuada

Introduction: In the last two decades, non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) has been consolidated as an initial strategy for the management of respiratory failure in critical adult and paediatric patients. Objectives: To identify risk factors and preventive strategies to reduce the incidence of skin lesions associated with clinical devices (LESADIC) related to NIV, as well as the most effective treatment for injuries that cannot be avoided. Methodology: Review in the MEDLINE, CINAHL and Cochrane databases of studies published in the last 10 years to reach consensus through an expert panel. Results: Knowledge about how to measure correct mask size and protection of the skin with foam or hydrocolloids dressings are factors related to the incidence of LESADIC, as it conditions the degree of pressure-friction and shear that the interface exerts on the skin. The interface that causes fewer LESADIC and is better tolerated is the face mask. When there are injuries, the first thing is to remove the interface that causes pressure on damaged skin, recommending a Helmet(R) hood as an alternative, treating the infection, managing the exudate and stimulating perilesional skin. Conclusions: The mask of choice is the facial, always using foam or hydrocolloid dressings on the nasal bridge. Evaluate the condition of the skin under the interface and harness every 4 hours (recommended) and 11 hours (maximum). Evaluate the rotation strategy of the interface at 24 hours if the NIV is still needed on an ongoing basis

Prevention and treatment of skin lesions associated with non-invasive mechanical ventilation. Recommendations of experts. / Prevención y tratamiento de las lesiones cutáneas asociadas a la ventilación mecánica no invasiva. Recomendaciones de expertos.

INTRODUCTION: In the last two decades, non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) has been consolidated as an initial strategy for the management of respiratory failure in critical adult and paediatric patients. OBJECTIVES: To identify risk factors and preventive strategies to reduce the incidence of skin lesions associated with clinical devices (LESADIC) related to NIV, as well as the most effective treatment for injuries that cannot be avoided. METHODOLOGY: Review in the MEDLINE, CINAHL and Cochrane databases of studies published in the last 10years to reach consensus through an expert panel. RESULTS: Knowledge about how to measure correct mask size and protection of the skin with foam or hydrocolloids dressings are factors related to the incidence of LESADIC, as it conditions the degree of pressure-friction and shear that the interface exerts on the skin. The interface that causes fewer LESADIC and is better tolerated is the face mask. When there are injuries, the first thing is to remove the interface that causes pressure on damaged skin, recommending a Helmet® hood as an alternative, treating the infection, managing the exudate and stimulating perilesional skin. CONCLUSIONS: The mask of choice is the facial, always using foam or hydrocolloid dressings on the nasal bridge. Evaluate the condition of the skin under the interface and harness every 4hours (recommended) and 11hours (maximum). Evaluate the rotation strategy of the interface at 24hours if the NIV is still needed on an ongoing basis.

Prevención de los accidentes en ventiloterapia / Prevention of accidents in ventilotherapy

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