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1.
Anxiety Stress Coping ; 26(4): 378-90, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22853921

RESUMO

According to the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions, negative emotions narrow one's thought-action repertoire. In contrast, positive emotions have a broadening effect, expanding cognitive capacity, increasing potential coping strategies that come to mind, and enhancing decision-making, reaction, and adaptation to adversity. Fredrickson and Losada determined that a positivity ratio - the ratio of experienced positive to negative emotions - at or above 2.9 promotes human flourishing. A ratio below 2.9 is indicative of languishing individuals, whereas a ratio below 1.0 is a marker of depression. This study examined whether adaptive and maladaptive coping profiles differentiated those who flourish, languish, or are depressed in two convenience samples - military spouses (n =367) and public school teachers (n=267). Results were consistent with the theoretical predictions, as coping profiles of the groups differed significantly, with flourishing individuals favoring adaptive coping strategies more than those who were languishing or depressed. Conversely, depressed individuals reported greater use of maladaptive coping strategies than those who were languishing or flourishing. These results provide further empirical support for the mathematical model of Fredrickson and Losada, as the set of positivity criteria were predictive of coping profiles in two samples where successful coping and adaptation are important.


Assuntos
Adaptação Psicológica/fisiologia , Transtorno Depressivo/psicologia , Emoções/fisiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Docentes/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Militares/psicologia , Cônjuges/psicologia , Cônjuges/estatística & dados numéricos , Estados Unidos , Adulto Jovem
2.
Psychophysiology ; 49(1): 145-9, 2012 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22092271

RESUMO

This experiment examined the effects of consuming a high-fat meal on cardiovascular reactivity and the ability of exercise to act as a moderator between dietary fat consumption and cardiovascular reactivity. Forty healthy, college-age students were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups: (1) low-fat meal, no exercise; (2) low-fat meal, postprandial exercise; (3) high-fat meal, no exercise; and (4) high-fat meal, postprandial exercise. To induce stress, all participants performed a public speaking task, while heart rate and blood pressure reactivity were measured. Multilevel analyses revealed that consuming a high-fat meal led to heightened mean arterial pressure reactivity. Acute high-intensity exercise resulted in attenuated heart rate and mean arterial pressure reactivity. The results of this study offer insight into how diet and exercise may influence cardiovascular reactivity, which is a key determinant of cardiovascular disease.


Assuntos
Sistema Cardiovascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Gorduras na Dieta/farmacologia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Período Pós-Prandial , Estresse Psicológico
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