Assessment of the importance of ostomy patients' understanding of dietary and lifestyle recommendations / Evaluación de la importancia de la comprensión de las recomendaciones dietéticas y de estilo de vida en los pacientes con ostomía

Objective: the objective of our study was to evaluate the level of understanding of ostomy patients regarding lifestyle, diet, and high output stoma (HOS) management recommendations provided by healthcare professionals. Method: a prospective study to follow up ostomy patients at nutritional consultations was designed. The follow-up process was performed 7-10 days after hospital discharge and again one month later. At the first visit, patients were instructed in the detection and management of HOS. At the second visit, the level of understanding of the training received was assessed using an evaluation questionnaire. A descriptive analysis of the answers to each of the questionnaire's items was performed. Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate differences in the level of understanding recorded with the questionnaire. Results: a total of 35 patients were recruited; 71.4 % did not provide correct answers to all the questions. There were no significant differences in the correctness of the answers to the questionnaire according to education level. Conclusions: many patients do not adequately understand the information provided by healthcare professionals and this could have a negative impact on the incidence of clinical complications (AU)

Objetivo: el objetivo de nuestro estudio fue evaluar el nivel de comprensión de los pacientes ostomizados con respecto a las recomendaciones sobre estilo de vida, dieta y manejo de la ostomía de alto débito (OAD) proporcionadas por los profesionales de la salud. Método: se diseñó un estudio prospectivo para el seguimiento de pacientes ostomizados en consulta de nutrición. El seguimiento se realizó 7-10 días después del alta hospitalaria y a continuación un mes después. En la primera visita, se instruyó a los pacientes sobre la detección y el tratamiento de OAD. En la segunda visita se evaluó el nivel de comprensión de la formación recibida mediante un cuestionario de evaluación. Se registraron las respuestas dadas a cada uno de los ítems del cuestionario y se realizó un análisis descriptivo. Para evaluar las diferencias en el nivel de comprensión registrado con el cuestionario se utilizó la prueba exacta de Fisher. Resultados: se reclutaron 35 pacientes. El 71,4 % no respondieron correctamente a todas las preguntas. La exactitud de las respuestas al cuestionario no mostró diferencias significativas según el nivel educativo. Conclusiones: un gran número de pacientes no comprende adecuadamente la información que ofrecen los profesionales sanitarios y esto podría tener un impacto negativo en el desarrollo de complicaciones clínicas (AU)

Prevalencia de prescripción inapropiada en polimedicados mayores de 65 años en un área de salud rural / Prevalence of inappropriate prescription to polymedicated patients over 65 years old in a rural health area

Objetivo. Describir la adecuación de la prescripción de pacientes polimedicados mayores de 65 años en un área rural. Material y método. Estudio observacional descriptivo trasversal. El área de estudio corresponde a las unidades asistenciales del Distrito Sanitario rural Valle del Guadalhorce de Málaga en septiembre de 2009. El distrito asiste a una población de 144.993 habitantes y el estudio se dirige a la población mayor de 65 años con 10 o más medicamentos (4.344 pacientes). La variable principal fueron las tasas de prescripción inadecuada o potencialmente inadecuadas. Para ello se clasificaron utilizando los criterios Screening Tool of Older Persons’ potentially inappropriate Prescriptions (STOPP) y los criterios de la estrategia de abordaje del polimedicado del Servicio Andaluz de Salud (SAS). Se utilizó un aplicativo para la creación de informes individualizados que identificaban los criterios. Por cada paciente se identificaron variables como unidad, tipo de medicamento, medicamento, dosis y expresión del criterio STOPP o SAS. Resultados. El 35,5% presentan una tasa de prescripción inadecuada según los criterios STOPP directos. Según los criterios utilizados por el SAS, la tasa de prescripción potencialmente inapropiada fue del 94%. Si la evaluación se realizaba con el total de criterios STOPP (directos y generales), el 100% de la población de estudio presentaban una prescripción al menos potencialmente inadecuada. Conclusiones. La prevalencia de polimedicación y de prescripción inadecuada es un problema real en la población mayor de 65 años. La ayuda de una herramienta informatizada facilita la identificación y el abordaje de la prescripción inapropiada (AU)

Objective. Describe the inappropriate prescription to polymedicated patients over 65 years old in rural areas. Material and method. An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted in health care units in the Guadalhorce Valley, a rural area of Malaga, Spain. The district has a catchment population of about 144,993 inhabitants. This study is focused on the population that is older than 65 years, and who use 10 or more medications (4.344 patients). The study has as a primary variable: the rates of inappropriate prescription. These are classified using the Screening Tool of Older Persons’ potentially inappropriate Prescriptions (STOPP) criteria, as well as the criteria of the strategy of the approach to polymedicated of the Andalusian Health System. An application was used to create individualised forms that identified inappropriate prescribing criteria. For each patient, we used variables, such as the unit, drug group, medications, dose, and use of the STOPP and Andalusian Health System criteria were recorded for each patient. Results. More than one-third (35.5%) of all patients have inappropriate prescription, according to STOPP criteria, related to some health problem (direct problems). The large majority (94%) have potentially inappropriate prescription according to the criteria of the Andalusian Health System. If the criteria directly related to prescribing medication for people over 65 (general) is taken into account, 100% of patients have some form of inappropriate or potentially inappropriate prescribing. Conclusions. The prevalence of polypharmacy and inappropriate prescription is a real problem in the population over 65 years old. An informatics tool provides us with the facilities to identify and approach inappropriate prescribing (AU)

[Prevalence of inappropriate prescription to polymedicated patients over 65 years old in a rural health area]. / Prevalencia de prescripción inapropiada en polimedicados mayores de 65 años en un área de salud rural.

OBJECTIVE: Describe the inappropriate prescription to polymedicated patients over 65 years old in rural areas. MATERIAL AND METHOD: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted in health care units in the Guadalhorce Valley, a rural area of Malaga, Spain. The district has a catchment population of about 144,993 inhabitants. This study is focused on the population that is older than 65 years, and who use 10 or more medications (4.344 patients). The study has as a primary variable: the rates of inappropriate prescription. These are classified using the Screening Tool of Older Persons' potentially inappropriate Prescriptions (STOPP) criteria, as well as the criteria of the strategy of the approach to polymedicated of the Andalusian Health System. An application was used to create individualised forms that identified inappropriate prescribing criteria. For each patient, we used variables, such as the unit, drug group, medications, dose, and use of the STOPP and Andalusian Health System criteria were recorded for each patient. RESULTS: More than one-third (35.5%) of all patients have inappropriate prescription, according to STOPP criteria, related to some health problem (direct problems). The large majority (94%) have potentially inappropriate prescription according to the criteria of the Andalusian Health System. If the criteria directly related to prescribing medication for people over 65 (general) is taken into account, 100% of patients have some form of inappropriate or potentially inappropriate prescribing. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of polypharmacy and inappropriate prescription is a real problem in the population over 65 years old. An informatics tool provides us with the facilities to identify and approach inappropriate prescribing.

[Impact of the creation of a nutritional support team on the quality, safety and effectiveness of total parenteral nutrition]. / Impacto de la creación de un equipo de soporte nutricional en la calidad, seguridad y efectividad de la nutrición parenteral.

INTRODUCTION: Parenteral nutrition (PN) is an essential component in the treatment of many hospitalized patients; however its use is associated to severe complications. The monitoring of these patients has been demonstrated as an effective method for the success of nutrition therapy; therefore, nutritional support teams play an important role to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the PN. In Spain, there is no data available about the situation of nutritional support teams in hospitals. OBJECTIVE: Develop a nutritional support team in our hospital and analyze the interventions and outcomes in terms of quality, effectiveness and safety. METHODS: Retrospective, cross-sectional study. Patients with PN were selected during two months, corresponding to the period before and after the creation of the nutritional support team (group 1 and 2, respectively). The functions of the nutritional team include: nutritional evaluation, daily monitoring of vital signs and glycemia, detailed analytical control, management of PN complications, between others. RESULTS: 67% of patients in group 1 (n = 24) maintain the PN < 7 days, versus 22% in group 2 (n = 38). In group 1, no patient had a nutritional assessment, neither daily vital signs monitoring (100% in group 2). Detailed analytical control was carried out in the 4% of group 1 and 79% of group 2. In group 2, albumin and prealbumin levels remain stable or increased in the 66% and 88% of patients, respectively. No patient reached triglyceride > 400 mg/dl. 34% of patients showed glycemia > 140 mg/dl (100% of them were solved), and 26% of patients underwent hepatic dysfunction (50% were solved). No refeeding syndrome was reported (thiamine was added to PN in 34% of patients). DISCUSSION: the nutritional support team work has notably increased the quality, safety and effectiveness of PN. This study demonstrates the need to incorporate multidisciplinary nutritional teams in hospitals and the benefit obtained in the patient medical care.

Impacto de la creación de un equipo de soporte nutricional en la calidad, seguridad y efectividad de la nutrición parenteral / Impact of the creation of a nutritional support team on the quality, safety and effectiveness of total parenteral nutrition

Introducción: La nutrición parenteral (NP) es esencial en muchos pacientes hospitalizados, no estando exenta de complicaciones. El seguimiento de estos pacientes constituye un método eficaz para el éxito de la terapia nutricional, por lo que los equipos de soporte nutricional han incrementado la eficacia y eficiencia de la NP. En España, no existen referencias sobre los equipos de soporte nutricional hospitalarios. Objetivos: Crear un equipo nutricional y analizar las intervenciones realizadas y los resultados obtenidos en términos de calidad, efectividad y seguridad en la NP. Métodos: estudio retrospectivo transversal. Se seleccionaron los pacientes con NP durante dos meses, previos y posterior a la creación del equipo (grupo 1 y 2, respectivamente). Las funciones del equipo incluyen: valoración del paciente, seguimiento diario de constantes vitales y glucemia, control analítico completo, manejo de complicaciones metabólicas, electrolíticas y hepáticas, entre otras. Resultados: La duración de la NP fue < 7 días en el 67% del grupo 1 (n = 24) y en el 22% del grupo 2 (n = 38). Ningún paciente fue valorado, ni tuvo seguimiento diario de constantes vitales en el grupo 1 (100% grupo 2). El control analítico completo se realizó en el 4% del grupo 1 y 79% del grupo 2. En el grupo 2, los niveles de albúmina y prealbúmina se mantuvieron estables o aumentaron en el 66% y 88% de los pacientes, respectivamente. Ningún paciente presentó hipertrigliceridemia. El 34% presentó glucemias > 140 mg/dl (100% fueron resueltas) y el 26% presentó complicaciones hepatobiliares (50% fueron resueltas). Ningún paciente presentó síndrome de realimentación (se añadió tiamina al 34%). Discusión: El equipo nutricional ha incrementado notablemente la calidad, seguridad y efectividad de la NP quedando demostrada la necesidad de dichos equipos multidisciplinares a nivel hospitalario (AU)

Introduction: Parenteral nutrition (PN) is an essential component in the treatment of many hospitalized patients; however its use is associated to severe complications. The monitoring of these patients has been demonstrated as an effective method for the success of nutrition therapy; therefore, nutritional support teams play an important role to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the PN. In Spain, there is no data available about the situation of nutritional support teams in hospitals. Objective: Develop a nutritional support team in our hospital and analyze the interventions and outcomes in terms of quality, effectiveness and safety. Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional study. Patients with PN were selected during two months, corresponding to the period before and after the creation of the nutritional support team (group 1 and 2, respectively). The functions of the nutritional team include: nutritional evaluation, daily monitoring of vital signs and glycemia, detailed analytical control, management of PN complications, between others. Results: 67% of patients in group 1 (n = 24) maintain the PN < 7 days, versus 22% in group 2 (n = 38). In group 1, no patient had a nutritional assessment, neither daily vital signs monitoring (100% in group 2). Detailed analytical control was carried out in the 4% of group 1 and 79% of group 2. In group 2, albumin and prealbumin levels remain stable or increased in the 66% and 88% of patients, respectively. No patient reached triglyceride > 400 mg/dl. 34% of patients showed glycemia > 140 mg/dl (100% of them were solved), and 26% of patients underwent hepatic dysfunction (50% were solved). No refeeding syndrome was reported (thiamine was added to PN in 34% of patients). Discussion: the nutritional support team work has notably increased the quality, safety and effectiveness of PN. This study demonstrates the need to incorporate multidisciplinary nutritional teams in hospitals and the benefit obtained in the patient medical care (AU)

Respuesta parcial de etanercept en el tratamiento de la hidradenitis supurativa / No disponible

Objetivo Revisión del tratamiento de la hidradenitis pupurativa y papel de etanercept en términos de eficacia y seguridad. Métodos Estudio descriptivo transversal retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes diagnosticados de hidradenitis supurativa tratados con etanercept (indicación fuera de ficha técnica) hasta junio de 2009. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, tratamientos anteriores y posteriores a etanercept, respuesta, efectos adversos, duración y motivo de suspensión. Resultados Como primera línea de tratamiento se emplearon antibióticos, anticonceptivos, corticoides, isotretinoína o sulfonas orales. Ante la falta de respuesta mantenida se solicitó el uso de etanercept. Fue bien tolerado, pero únicamente permitió obtener una mejoría inicial, por lo que fue suspendido. Las siguientes opciones que se emplearon incluyeron corticoides, antibióticos, isotretinoína, anticonceptivos, inmunosupresores y antiandrógenos. Los pacientes tratados con adalimumab e infliximab como alternativa presentaron reactivación de las lesiones. Como última opción se plantea el tratamiento quirúrgico. Actualmente, la mayoría de los pacientes están en terapia de mantenimiento con tratamientos orales. Conclusiones El tratamiento de la hidradenitis supurativa se basa en antibióticos, corticoides o anticonceptivos con los que se obtiene un control transitorio de la enfermedad. El etanercept es bien tolerado, pero su eficacia se limita a una mejoría inicial. Se han obtenido resultados similares con infliximab y adalimumab. La cirugía permite obtener un control en la zona intervenida. Por tanto, el papel de los anti-TNF en el tratamiento de la hidradenitis supurativa es controvertido (AU)

Objective To review the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa and the role of etanercept in terms of efficacy and safety. Methods Descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study. Patients diagnosed with hidradenitis suppurativa who were treated with etanercept (indication not on its Summary of Product Characteristics) until June 2009 were included in the study. The study variables were: age, sex, treatments before and after etanercept, response, adverse effects, duration and reason for stopping treatment. Results Antibiotics, contraceptives, corticosteroids, isotretinoin or oral sulfones were used as the first-line treatment. When patients no longer responded to these treatments, the use of etanercept was requested. It was well tolerated but it only led to an initial improvement. It was, therefore, suspended. The options employed included the following: corticosteroids, antibiotics, isotretinoin, contraceptives, immunosuppressive drugs and antiandrogens. Patients who were treated with adalimumab and infliximab as an alternative treatment found that their lesions flared up. Surgery was considered as a last option. At present, the majority of patients are undergoing maintenance therapy with oral treatments. Conclusions The treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa is based on antibiotics, corticosteroids or contraceptives. These are able to control the disease temporarily. Etanercept is well tolerated but it only results in an initial improvement. Similar results have been found with infliximab and adalimumab. The affected areas can be controlled with surgery. Therefore, the role of TNF inhibitors in the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa is controversial (AU)

[Agranulocytosis from metamizole: a potential problem for the British population]. / Agranulocitosis por metamizol: un potencial problema en la población británica.

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the clinical and epidemiological features of this adverse effect and assess its incidence in the general population, especially in the British one. METHODS: A descriptive, retrospective analysis of all the patients discharged at Hospital Costa del Sol (Marbella) with a main diagnosis of dipyrone-related agranulocytosis in the Minimum Basic Data Set (MBDS) from January 1998 to December 2003. Neutropenia was defined as severe (neutrophils lower than 500/ml), moderate (500-1000/ml) and mild (1000-1500/ml). RESULTS: 13 patients developed dipyrone-related agranulocytosis, 8 of them foreign (61.5%) and 5 from United Kingdom. The rate of events was 8.33/106 inhabitants/year. With regard to British population registered in the area, the estimated rate of events was 20.4 cases/106 inhabitants/year. CONCLUSION: Dipyrone-related agranulocytosis is an adverse effect more frequent in British population, and its use must be avoided.

Agranulocitosis por metamizol: un potencial problema en la población británica / Agranulocytosis from metamizole: a potential problem for the British population

Material y métodos: Hemos estudiado a 90 pacientes ambulatorios con IC (61 hombres, edad 66±12) y 30 sujetos control apareados por edad y género. Resultados: Se encontró un aumento en los niveles urinarios de BNP en los pacientes con fracción de eyección (FE)≤40% comparados con los de FE>40% (p<0,0001) y con los controles (p<0,0001). Se obtuvieron correlaciones significativas entre los niveles urinarios de BNP y los parámetros funcionales del ventrículo izquierdo. Se realizó un análisis multivariado y el mejor modelo asociado con los niveles urinarios de BNP incluyó a los niveles de BNP en plasma (p<0,0001), FE (p=0,02) y volúmenes del ventrículo izquierdo (p<0,0001). La curva ROC para la detección de FE≤40% usando BNP urinario mostró un área bajo la curva de 0,74±0,05, (p<0,0001). A partir de la curva ROC, el punto óptimo de corte (2,30 pg/ml) tuvo una sensibilidad del 60% y una especificidad del 90%. Finalmente, se realizó una regresión binaria logística para la detección de FE≤40%, y los niveles urinarios de BNP mostraron un buen valor predictivo con una odds-ratio de 21. Discusión: Los niveles urinarios de BNP se correlacionan con los parámetros funcionales del ventrículo izquierdo, demostrando que este marcador biológico es útil para el diagnóstico de la disfunción ventricular izquierda en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca (AU)

Background: It was aimed to compare urine B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) according to left ventricular systolic dysfunction and to investigate its diagnostic value in heart failure (HF) patients. Material and methods: A total of 90 HF outpatients (61 men, age 66±12) and 30 age- and gender-matched controls were studied. Results: An increase in urine BNP was observed in patients with EF≤ 40% compared to EF> 40% (p<0.0001), and controls (p<0.0001). Significant correlations between urinary BNP and left ventricular functional parameters were obtained. A multivariate regression analysis was performed and the best model associated with urine BNP included plasma BNP (p<0.0001), EF (p=0.02) and LV volume indexes (p<0.0001). The ROC for detection of EF≤40% using urine BNP levels showed an area under the curve of 0.74±0.05, (p<0.0001). From the ROC curve, the optimal cut-off value (2.30 ng/l) had a 60% sensitivity and 90% specificity. Finally, we performed a binary logistic regression for detection of EF≤40%, and urine BNP was shown to be a strong predictor with an odds ratio of 21. Discussion: Urine BNP levels correlated with left ventricular functional parameters. This biomarker is a useful tool for detecting and diagnosing left ventricular systolic dysfunction in heart failure (AU)

[Priority of prescribed medication in patients with heart failure in an Internal Medicine Department]. / Prioridad de las prescripciones farmacéuticas a pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca en un Servicio de Medicina Interna.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Prescriptions provided to elderly patients with comorbidity on hospital discharge are usually complex. This study has aimed to know what proportion of drugs is considered essential by the prescribing doctors and the existing agreement on this qualification. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: general acute care hospital. STUDY SUBJECTS: random sample of 60 hospital discharges in patients hospitalized due to heart failure between 2004 to 2006 with 540 prescribed drugs. INTERVENTIONS: independent review by two internal medicine specialists and qualification of each of prescribed drugs as essential, advisable or not indicated. Calculation of the proportion of prescriptions according to priority, global and by therapeutic groups, and of the agreement between reviewers. RESULTS: An average of 9 drugs (statistical deviation [SD] 2.4) and 13.5 daily takings (SD 4.6) by patient were prescribed on hospital discharge. The reviewers considered 68.4% of the prescriptions essential (95% confidence interval [CI], 65.5-71.2), advisable 25% (95% CI, 22.4-27.6) and not indicated 6.6% (95% CI, 5.1-8.1). An inverse relation between number of prescribed drugs and their proportion considered as essential was observed. Global agreement between reviewers in the classification of priority was relatively low: weighed Kappa 0.27 (95% CI, 0.19-0.36). More than 90% of the prescriptions were considered as essential in only 6 of the 15 therapeutic groups prescribed most, and good agreements in the qualification of their priority was only reached in 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS: A considerable proportion of the prescribed medication on hospital discharge in patients with heart failure was not considered essential. Agreement reached between the reviewers in this qualification was low.

[Therapeutic interchange between angiotensin II receptor blockers in institutionalized elderly patients. Implimenting a protocol]. / Intercambio terapéutico de antagonistas del receptor de la angiotensina-II en pacientes ancianos institucionalizados. Aplicación de un protocolo.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of a therapeutic interchange protocol for angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB's) in the maintenance of blood pressure levels for institutionalized elderly patients diagnosed with hypertension. METHODS: A new protocol was discussed by the Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee, and its implementation by the Pharmacy Department was authorized. The protocol specifies equivalent doses between drugs and the patients' clinical follow-up. Criteria used in the assessment includes: need to change dosage for an ARB included in the Pharmacotherapeutic Guide, and blood pressure changes after drug interchange. RESULTS: In the absence of hepatic insufficiency, the protocol may replace the standard doses of any drugs within this group with losartan 50 mg daily. If needed, the dose of losartan may be increased to 100 mg daily divided into two doses. Eighteen patients, which represent 10% of all interchange operations carried out by the Pharmacy Department, were included in this study. Blood pressures both before and after the interchange process show no major differences between them. Only two patients required an increase in the dose of losartan. CONCLUSION: The implementation of a therapeutic interchange protocol as agreed upon by the Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee allows the clinical follow-up of patients and therefore facilitates an evaluation of the process. This ARB interchange protocol, as suggested for the institutionalized elderly population setting, has proven effective in maintaining anti-hypertensive activity.

[Urinary tract infection in institutionalized elderly patients. Incidence of bacterial resistance and risk factors]. / Infecciones de tracto urinario en pacientes ancianos institucionalizados. Incidencia y factores de riesgo de resistencias bacterianas.

INTRODUCTION: The goal of the present work was to study urinary tract infections (UTI) in a sociosanitary center in order to characterize etiology, define sensitivity profiles, and study associations between these profiles and various clinical parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective study of all urinary tract infections at the caring unit of a geriatric sociosanitary center was carried out. Antibiograms were performed on all patients in which a UTI was suspected, and the association between the isolated organism or E. coli resistance with various clinical parameters (gender, bed confinement, recurrence, incontinence, neural impairment, basic daily life activities and drug use) was studied using a multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis are the most commonly isolated organisms (51% and 15%, respectively). The former is associated with bed confinement and the female gender. The latter shows an inverse relation with recurrence in 90 days. Resistance to the antibiotics studied correlates with a number of clinical parameters, although associations vary for each antimicrobial agent. Previous use of antibiotics and recurrence of infection have no influence on resistance. DISCUSSION: Geriatric patients' characteristics may well account for some of the results encountered. However, the development of resistance in the center may be related to spreading from direct contact between patients. The relationship between resistance and drug use may be affected by the external administration, rather than in-center administration, of drugs.

Infecciones de tracto urinario en pacientes ancianos institucionalizados. Incidencia y factores de riesgo de resistencias bacterianas / Urinary tract infection in institutionalized elderly patients. Incidence of bacterial resistance and risk factors

Introducción: El objetivo del presente trabajo ha sido estudiar las infecciones de tracto urinario en un centro sociosanitario para caracterizar su etiología, definir el perfil de sensibilidades y estudiar asociaciones entre éstas y distintos parámetros clínicos. Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo de todas las infecciones de tracto urinario de la Unidad de Asistidos de un centro sociosanitario geriátrico. Se han realizado antibiogramas a todos los pacientes con sospecha de ITU y se ha estudiado la asociación del microorganismo aislado o la resistencia de E. coli con diversos parámetros clínicos (género, encamamiento, recurrencia, incontinencia, deterioro neurológico, actividades básicas de la vida diaria y consumo del medicamento), mediante un análisis de regresión logística multivariante. Resultados: Escherichia coli y Proteus miriabilis son los principales microorganismos aislados (51 y 15 por ciento); el primero está asociado a la situación de encamamiento y el género femenino. El segundo aparece inversamente relacionado con la recurrencia en 90 días. La resistencia a los antibióticos estudiados muestra una correlación con distintos parámetros clínicos, sin embargo las asociaciones difieren para cada antimicrobiano. El consumo previo de antibióticos y la recurrencia de la infección no afectan a la resistencia. Discusión: Las características del paciente geriátrico podrían explicar algunos de los resultados encontrados. Sin embargo la aparición de resistencias en el centro podría estar más relacionada con la diseminación por contacto entre pacientes. La relación entre resistencia y consumo de medicamentos podría estar afectada por el consumo externo más que por el del propio centro (AU)

Utilidad clínica de la concentración plasmatica valle de gentamicina tras su administración en dosis única diaria / Clinical utility of gentamicin though plasma concentration after a single daily dose

El objetivo del presente estudio es valorar los factores pronóstico que permiten predefinir la utilidad de la monitorización de la concentración plasmática valle de gentamicina tras su administración en dosis única diaria. Esta situación está relacionada íntimamente con el hecho de que a concentraciones plasmáticas valle inferiores a 1 mg/I las técnicas analíticas habitualmente utilizadas poseen una exactitud y precisión que limita su utilidad clínica. La utilidad de la monitorización de la concentración plasmática valle se valoró mediante el desarrollo de un modelo de regresión logística que permitió identificar los factores pronóstico (edad, peso, talla, sexo, creatinina sérica y aclaramiento de creatinina) que de forma independiente determinan valores <1 mg/1 en una población de estudio formada por 1.250 pacientes simulados con las mismas características que los pacientes atendidos en nuestro hospital. El aclaramiento de creatinina (OR=1,077; p< 0,0001) y el peso (OR = 0,978; p < 0,0001) se identifican como factores pronóstico de alcanzar concentraciones valle de gentamicina < 1 mg/I. Cuando se utiliza el modelo con el aclaramiento de creatinina como única covariable, el área bajo la curva de rendimiento diagnóstico es de 0,85 y el punto de corte óptimo corresponde a un aclaramiento de creatinina de 60 ml/min, en el cual se alcanza una sensibilidad del 79,48 por ciento y una especificidad de 73,21 por ciento. El área bajo la curva de rendimiento diagnóstico no mejora de forma significativa cuando el peso corporal es añadido como covariable a este modelo. En este sentido, la utilidad clínica de la determinación de la concentración valle de gentamicina para su individualización posológica es escasa cuando el paciente presenta un aclaramiento de creatinina superior a 60 ml/min (AU)