Advancements in Varicose Vein Treatment: Anatomy, Pathophysiology, Minimally Invasive Techniques, Sclerotherapy, Patient Satisfaction, and Future Directions.

Varicose veins are a common vascular condition known for causing discomfort and cosmetic concerns. This comprehensive narrative review delves into their anatomy, pathophysiology, and modern treatment options, with a focus on endovenous techniques and sclerotherapy. The review starts by emphasizing the intricate anatomy of lower extremity venous circulation, underlining the significance of both superficial and deep venous networks in venous return. It also addresses how changes in the venous wall, including valvular insufficiency, contribute to the development of varicose veins. Endovenous techniques like endovenous laser ablation (EVLA), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and mechanochemical endovenous ablation (MOCA) are explored in detail. These minimally invasive procedures have revolutionized varicose vein treatment, offering high success rates and quicker recovery compared to traditional surgery. The review also highlights their efficacy and safety profiles, aiding clinicians in informed decision-making. Sclerotherapy, a vital modality for varicose veins, is thoroughly examined, covering both liquid and foam sclerotherapy. Foam sclerotherapy, in particular, is recognized for its improved outcomes. The review provides a comprehensive comparison of these treatment modalities, highlighting differences in technical success, recurrence rates, and cost-effectiveness. Patient preferences and satisfaction play a significant role in choosing the right treatment. Safety and potential complications associated with these treatments are explored, with a focus on minor issues and rare adverse events. This review also emphasizes the positive impact of varicose vein interventions on patients' quality of life.

Navigating Bariatric Surgery: Understanding and Managing Short-Term and Long-Term Complications.

Obesity is a global public health crisis associated with numerous medical conditions and increased mortality rates. Weight loss surgery, or bariatric surgery, has become a crucial treatment option for clinically severe obesity. Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for severe obesity but it carries the potential for various complications, both in the short and long term. This article provides a comprehensive overview of these complications, aiding healthcare professionals in their management and patients in understanding the risks associated with bariatric surgery. The review explores the short-term complications of bariatric surgery, emphasizing anastomotic leaks, strictures, hemorrhages, infections, marginal ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and dumping syndrome. It provides insights into the diagnosis and management of these complications, emphasizing the importance of early recognition and intervention. Furthermore, the article delves into the late complications of adjustable gastric banding (LAGB), vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPDDS). It discusses complications such as band slippage and erosion in LAGB, nutritional deficiencies in VSG and RYGB, and unique complications related to BPDDS.

Rhinoplasty and YouTube: A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess the Quality, Dependability, and Reliability of Videos on Rhinoplasty.

INTRODUCTION: Rhinoplasty, also referred to as a nose job or a reconstruction of the nose, is a surgical procedure that alters and reconstructs the nose for aesthetic or functional purposes. With the emergence of social media and modern internet accessibility, YouTube has gained popularity among users of all ages. Despite this, the accuracy and credibility of these videos and the information they include could be cause for concern. AIMS: This study intends to assess the competence, quality, and dependability of the information in the videos related to "Rhinoplasty surgery" on YouTube. METHODOLOGY: This is a cross-sectional observational study that analyzes rhinoplasty information on YouTube. A Google Forms questionnaire was used to collect the data. The Global Quality Score (GQS), reliability score, and Video Power Index (VPI) were used to assess quality and reliability, and statistical analysis was performed using IBM Corp. Released 2012. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. The inclusion criteria were videos ranging from 1 minute to 20 minutes in duration, pertinent to the topic of rhinoplasty surgery, and in either English or Hindi. RESULTS: A total of 71 videos were analyzed, and 70 videos were included. A comparison of GQS, reliability score, and VPI based on the type of uploader was done by the Kruskal-Wallis test. The association between VPI, GQS, and reliability score with that of the uploader of the video was found to be statistically insignificant (p<0.05). Videos uploaded by healthcare organizations, news outlets, patients, or other relevant groups have the most GQS (4.5), whereas videos uploaded by hospitals have the lowest. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to the type of uploader, videos have no statistically significant changes in quality, reliability, or video power, implying that the type of uploader does not necessarily impact the overall quality or reliability of the information presented in the investigated YouTube videos. While the majority of the videos addressed the indications of rhinoplasty and provided information about the etiology, there were gaps in discussing pre-procedural investigations and preventive measures. Due to our limitations, expanding the number of accounts used for search and increasing the number of videos might overcome the search algorithm.

Overlapping Autoimmune Diseases: A Case Report and Review of Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis and Mixed Connective Tissue Disease.

We describe a rare case of concurrent eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis and mixed connective tissue disease in a 27-year-old man who presented with pulmonary, renal, cardiac, and skin manifestations. We confirmed the diagnosis based on clinical, histopathological, and serological criteria. We treated the patient with corticosteroids, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, and hydroxychloroquine, achieving early remission. The coexistence of both conditions in the same patient is extremely rare and has only been reported in a few cases worldwide. We also review the literature on these two rare autoimmune diseases' coexistence, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Our case emphasizes recognizing overlapping autoimmune conditions in patients with complex clinical features and employing a comprehensive diagnostic approach and tailored treatment strategies. Further research is needed to understand these patients' epidemiology, prognosis, and optimal therapy. Early diagnosis and aggressive immunosuppression are crucial for achieving remission and preventing organ damage. We also identified the knowledge gaps and research needs in this field.