[Leukocyte function as one of the indices of resistance to influenza in children]. / Funktsional'noe sostoianie leikotsitov kak odin iz pokazatelei rezistentnosyti detei k grippu.

Preliminary results of comparative characterization of the functional activity of leukocytes by cytochemical, virologic, immunologic, and clinical methods of examinations in institutionalized young infants are summarized. The observations covered 100 infants varying in ages from 1 to 3 years with frequent and rare incidence of respiratory diseases. The diagnosis of influenza had been confirmed by serological methods: CFT and ELISA. Infants with positive serodiagnosis were selected for further studies. The functional status of leukocytes was determined by the interferon leukocyte test (ILT), alkaline phosphatase and myeloperoxidase activities. The results presented in the Tables have shown the infants frequently suffering from ARVD to have low values of ILT and higher values of alkaline phosphatase activity but low myeloperoxidase activity. More resistant infants with rare incidence of ARVD had high ILT, high myeloperoxidase activity and low alkaline activity. It is suggested that alkaline activity of leukocytes alone may be of informative value.

[Prevention of the anti-interferon effect of exogenous leukocyte interferon in children]. / Profilakticheskii antigrippoznyi éffekt ékzogennogo leikotsitarnogo interferona u detei.

The preventive effect of exogenous leukocyte interferon used twice weekly at a 3-day interval in the period of an influenza epidemic as well as the effect of this preparation on the capacity of leukocytes to produce endogenous interferon were studied in young infants brought to nurseries. The observations covered 146 infants varying in ages from 11 months to 31/2 years, of them 104 infants were given interferon intranasally from an automizer (conditional experimental group) and 42 received no interferon (conditional) control group). During the period of interferon prophylaxis (5 weeks) a significant. 7-fold, reduction in the morbidity rate was observed in the group given interferon as compared to the control group. Observations in the time course showed a reduced incidence in the experimental group for a year. During the use of interferon in infants there was an increase in the capacity to produce endogenous interferon as manifested by a significant rise in titres by the end of interferon prophylaxis.

[Differences in the properties of the interferons produced by the leukocytes of healthy persons and of cancer and leukemia patients]. / Razlichiia v svoistvakh interferonov, produtsiruemykh leikotsitami krovi zdorovykh liudei, bol'nykh rakom i leikozom.

In vitro production of interferon by blood leukocytes from patients with lymphosarcoma, lymphogranulomatosis, leukemia, cancer tumours, pneumonia, as well as by leukocytes of mice with Rauscher leukemia, and mice in the condition of hyporeactivity to interferon inducer was studied. Alongside with quantitative differences in interferon production, biological differences in the properties of interferons produced of normal and sick humans and animals were revealed. The biological differences consist in that the interferon produced by leukocytes from cancer and leukemia patients interacting with homologous cell culture is conducive to more rapid formation of resistance to the indicator virus than the interferon produced by normal leukocytes. Thus, resistance of the homologous cell culture to the infection with the indicator vesicular stomatitis virus developed within 1--2 hours after contact with leukocyte interferon from patients and only within 5--6 hours after contact with that of normal subjects. This finding is not specific for cancer and leukemia, as the same was observed with specimens from patients with pneumonia and from mice hyporeactive to interferon inducer. It is suggested that patients with cancer and leukemia have a state of interferon hyporeactivity.

[Biological characteristics of influenza B viruses isolated during influenza B epidemics in 1976-1977]. / Biologicheskaia kharakteristika virusov grippa B, vydelennykh vo vremia epidemii grippa v 1976-1977.

Comparative studies of the antigenic structure of influenza B viruses isolated in 1976-1977 and in previous years demonstrated one-way relationship of the hemagglutinin of B/76 viruses with that of B/72 viruses. Antisera to new B/76 strains neutralized the hemagglutinating activity of all known reference influenza B virus strains beginning from 1972. Influenza B/76 viruses were divided into two groups depending on complete or partial neutralization by antiserum B/Hong Kong/7/75. The study of the antigenic structure of neuraminidase showed no significant differences between influenza B/76 and B/72 virus neuraminidase. All the influenza B viruses from different years under study had marked interferon-inducing properties and were sensitive to interferon. Unlike the Yamagata/1/73 strain, all the influenza B/76 viruses under study were resistant to thermostable inhibitors of normal horse, guinea pig, and rabbit sera.

[Comparative characteristics of influenza virus A/USSR/02/76 and swine influenza virus]. / Sravnitel'naia kharakteristika virusa grippa A/SSSR/02/76 i virusa grippa svinei.

Comparative studies of the biological properties, antigenic structure and ultrastructure of influenza A viruses isolated in the USSR, A/New Jersey/8/76 and A/swine/31 were carried out. Antigenic differences between A/USSR/02/76 and A/swine/31 strains as well as A/New Jersey/8/76 strain were found in the hemagglutination-inhibition and neuraminidase activity-inhibition tests. These differences were confirmed by serological examination of human sera.

[Assessment of the sensitivity of immunoprecipitation for the serodiagnosis of influenzal-bacterial pneumonias]. / Otsenka chuvstvitel'nosti immunopretsipitatsii dlia serodiagnostiki grippozno-bakterial'nykh pnevmonii.

A comparative examination of 226 paired sera from patients with pneumonia was carried out by CFT, HI, neuraminidase activity inhibition (NI) and double immunodiffusion. A correlation of the results of agar gel precipitation and the CFT and HI tests was observed. Convalescent sera contained antibody to influenza virus ribonucleoprotein frequently, less so to its neuraminidase or hemagglutinin. The precipitation test was shown to be highly sensitive, easy to perform, and therefore should be used in examinations of sera from patients with influenza-bacterial pneumonia.

[Etiopathogenetic approach to the treatment of viral-bacterial pneumonias]. / Etiopatogeneticheskii podkhod k lecheniiu virusno--bakterial'nykh pnevmonii

The efficacy of aerosols of leukocytal interferon used in complex with antibacterial and other medicamentous agents was studied during influenza epidemic in 1975 due to Port-Chalmers virus of influenza A with increased numbers of viral-bacterial pneumonia. The viral-sta-phylococcal etiology of the infection was confirmed in 80 per cent of the cases under stationary conditions. Various microorganism and most often Staph aureus were isolated in addition to the viruses from the patient's sputum and washings and their antibioticograms were determined. The studies showed that the complex treatment of the patients with virologically and serologically confirmed diagnosis of the disease resulted in decreased duration of the disease, less pronounced intoxication and more rapid resorption of the changes in the lung tissue.

[Distribution of exogenous interferon in experimental animals following intratracheal administration]. / Raspredelenie ekzogennogo interferona v organizme eksperimental'nykh zhivotnykh pri intratrakheal'nom sposobe vvedeniia

The distribution of homologous and heterologous interferon in rabbits after intratracheal administration was studied. The content of interferon in the lung tissue decreased 1 hour after injection. At 3 hours the interferon concentration in the lungs in some animals decreased 2-10-fold as compared with the initial. A considerable reduction in interferon content in the lungs was observed 24 hours post-injection. In the blood serum interferon was found in low titers 1, 3 and 6 hours after intratracheal injection. On the contrary, the amount of interferon in the urine increased beginning at 3-6 hours after injection and up to 24-48 hours.

[Comparative study on the properties of influenza B viruses isolated in 1959-1974]. / Sravnitel'noe issledovanie svoistv virusov grippa B, vydelennykh v 1959-1974 gg

The biological properties and antigenic structure of the following influenza B virus strains were compared: Moscow/Likh/59, Moscow/106/62, Moscow/1/66, Hong Kong/5/72, Yamagata/73 and USSR/01/4. The influenza B virus strains isolated in 1972-1974 differed by hemagglutinin from those isolated in 1959-1966. The variability of hemagglutinin correlated with that of neuraminidase. Yamagata/73 virus occupied a special position both with regard to the structure of surface antigens and to some other biological properties. Therefore, the possibility of occurrence in the USSR of virus strains similar to Yamagata/73 cannot be ruled out.