RESUMO
RTS, S/AS01 vaccine has recently been recommended by the WHO for large-scale uses in malaria-endemic areas, which is a milestone in the history of the fight against parasitic infections. Nevertheless, RTS, S/AS01 vaccine is not perfect. Hereby, the shortages of RTS, S/AS01 malaria vaccine were discussed, and the potential challenges during the research and development of next-generation malaria vaccines were analyzed.
Assuntos
Vacinas Antimaláricas , Malária Falciparum , Malária , Humanos , Malária/epidemiologia , Malária/prevenção & controle , Plasmodium falciparumRESUMO
In this study, a homologous gene named plzfa was identified and characterized in medaka Oryzias latipes. Oryzias latipes plzfa was detected in all the tissues including brain, gill, muscle, liver, intestine, kidney, spleen, testis and ovary using reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR. plzfa was detected in the oocytes of the ovary and in the spermatogonia and somitic cells of the testis by in situ hybridization. plzfa had a maternal origin with continuous and dynamic expression during embryonic development. plzfa was observed in the brain, neural rod and sensor organs including the eyes, ears and nose during embryogenesis. plzfa was also detected in the neural crest, somite, pectoral fin, intestine and skin. These results indicate that plzfa is a pleiotropic gene that may play major roles in various tissues.
Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Embrionário , Proteínas de Peixes/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição Kruppel-Like/metabolismo , Oryzias/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Clonagem Molecular , Embrião não Mamífero , Feminino , Proteínas de Peixes/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Fatores de Transcrição Kruppel-Like/genética , Masculino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Oócitos/metabolismo , Oryzias/embriologia , Análise de Sequência de Proteína , Espermatogônias/metabolismo , Dedos de ZincoRESUMO
The use of simple sequence repeats (SSRs), or microsatellites, as genetic markers has become popular due to their abundance and variation in length among individuals. In this study, we investigated linkage groups (LGs) in the woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) and demonstrated variation in the abundances, densities, and relative densities of mononucleotide, dinucleotide, and trinucleotide repeats. Mononucleotide, dinucleotide, and trinucleotide repeats were more common than longer repeats in all LGs examined. Perfect SSRs were the predominant SSR type found and their abundance was extremely stable among LGs and chloroplasts. Abundances of mononucleotide, dinucleotide, and trinucleotide repeats were positively correlated with LG size, whereas those of tetranucleotide and hexanucleotide SSRs were not. Generally, in each LG, the abundance, relative abundance, relative density, and the proportion of each unique SSR all declined rapidly as the repeated unit increased. Furthermore, the lengths and frequencies of SSRs varied among different LGs.
