[Observation of size distribution of atmospheric OC/EC in Tangshan, China].

Atmospheric particulate matter pollution is serious in Tangshan, a heavy industrial city of North China. The annual average concentrations of PM1.1, PM2.1, PM9.0 and TSP were (75 +/- 43), (106 +/- 63), (221 +/- 100) and (272 +/- 113) microg x m(-3), respectively, from 2009 to 2011. Carbonaceous aerosols were the key components in various size particles. Elemental carbon (EC) accounted for 9%, 9%, 6% and 4% of PM1.1, PM2.1, PM9.0 and TSP, respectively, meanwhile, organic carbon (OC) accounted for 25%, 24%, 16% and 14% of PM1.1, PM2.1, PM9.0 and TSP, respectively. The concentration spectrum distribution of particulate matter and the enrichment amount of the carbonaceous aerosols showed seasonal variations. In autumn and winter, the EC and OC concentration in the fine particulate matter reached up to (9 +/- 4), (11 +/- 5) and (19 +/- 7), (28 +/- 10) microg x m(-3), respectively, accounting for 11%, 10% and 26%, 25% of fine particles; EC and OC in spring and summer were (5 +/- 2), (5 +/- 1) and (15 +/- 3), (15 +/- 1) microg x m(-3), respectively, accounting for about 7%, 6% and 26%, 18% of TSP, respectively.

[Variation of air pollution in new Tangshan industrial area during winter heating period].

To illuminate the air pollution situation of the new Tangshan industrial area in the heating period, the observation of atmospheric pollutants was conducted in Tangshan City, Qianan City and Caofeidian Town from Oct. 2009 to Apr. 2010. The result showed that air pollution was serious in the area in winter. The regional mean concentration of NO, NO2, SO2, CO, PM2.5 and PM10 reached (26 +/- 28), (52 +/- 27), (72 +/- 53), (3 500 +/- 3 600), (82 +/- 65), (164 +/- 121) microg x m(-3) in the heating period, respectively. The concentration of NO and SO2 was 2.5 times in the heating period more than in the non-heating period. The concentration of NO2 and PM10 increased by -30%. The rates that CO and PM10 exceeded the National Ambient Air Quality Standard II were 27% and 40%; and the rate that PM2.5 exceeded the WHO IT1 Standard was 38%. The typical diurnal variations of NO, NO2, SO2, PM2.5 and PM10 were similar with peaking at 08:00 and 18:00, but the diurnal variation of CO was single peak at 08:00 with accumulating in evening. The peaks of NO, CO and SO2 were very high in morning because of the rush hours and the heating, which were 50, 90, and 5100 microg x m(-3), respectively. The peaks of NO2, PM2.5 and PM10 were relatively gentle, which were 56, 105, and 202 microg x m(-3), respectively. The cluster analysis of backward trajectories showed only the northerwinds, the cold airs can wash away the air pollution, while the southerwinds and easternwinds can easily accumulate the pollutants or transport the pollutants to the Beijing-Tianjin region.

[Observation and analysis of air pollution in Tangshan during summer and autumn time].

To study the air pollution in Tangshan City and its effects on Beijing and the surrounding areas during the Beijing Olympics, the on-line monitoring of atmospheric pollutant was performed at the summer and autumn time in 2007 and 2008 in Tangshan. The results show that the average PM2.5 concentrations are 105.1 microg x m(-3) +/- 46.5 microg x m(-3) in summer and 108.1 microg x m(-3) +/- 61.8 microg x m(-3) in autumn. The average max hourly O3 concentrations are 153.9 microg x m(-3) +/- 50.9 microg x m(-3) in summer and 114.6 microg x m(-3) +/- 56.5 microg x m(-3) in autumn. The average NO2 concentrations are 39.2 microg x m(-3) +/- 10.0 microg x m(-3) in summer and 42.7 microg x m(-3) +/- 11.6 microg x m(-3) in autumn, and the average SO2 concentrations are 44.8 microg x m(-3) +/- 31.1 microg x m(-3) in summer and 52.2 microg x m(-3) +/- 25.2 microg x m(-3) in autumn. The average oxidant (NO2 + O3) concentrations are 111.9 microg x m(-3) +/- 27.0 microg x m(-3) in summer and 87.2 microg x m(-3) +/- 27.8 microg x m(-3) in autumn. As one of the fine particles sources in areas of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, Tangshan is severely polluted by fine particles; Concentrations of SO2 and NO2 are higher than that of surrounding areas, but still attain the national standard for Grade II. Long-term NO2 concentration which mainly comes from automobile exhaust changes little. The O3 concentration is relatively low compared to nearby areas, however, it remains unknown how high local emission of O3 precursor (NOx) would affect the regional O3 production. During the Beijing Olympics, affected by industrial emission reduction, all air pollutant concentrations were reduced especially SO2 and PM2.5, so reducing industrial emission should be useful for improving air quality in Tangshan.