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1.
Equine Vet J ; 44(6): 646-51, 2012 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22168451

RESUMO

REASONS FOR PERFORMING THE STUDY: In contrast with reports in man and small animals, a systematic classification of seizures in horses is lacking. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to classify seizures based on their aetiology and to characterise epilepsy in 104 horses presented for seizures at the Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center between 1988 and 2009. METHODS: In a retrospective observational study, seizures were classified by aetiology based on history, clinical observations, diagnostic investigations (e.g. electroencephalograms, cerebrospinal fluid and computed tomography imaging of the head) and post mortem examinations, when available. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: Epilepsy (i.e. 2 or more recurrent seizures) was identified in 70% of cases, and further classified as symptomatic (i.e. structural brain pathology, 35.6% of cases), cryptogenic (i.e. unknown, 54.8% of cases) and idiopathic (i.e. suspected genetic predisposition, 2.7% of cases). Normal neurological examination on admission, the presence of seizures unprovoked by any identified factors and paroxysmal epileptiform activity on electroencephalogram recordings were all strongly (P<0.05) correlated with epilepsy on univariate analysis. For a horse with generalised seizures, the odds of having epilepsy was 7 times lower compared with a similar horse with partial seizures (P<0.05) in multivariate modelling. CONCLUSIONS: Seizure aetiology was symptomatic or cryptogenic in most horses, whereas reactive seizures and idiopathic epilepsy were less common. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: This study is the first attempt to classify seizures and to characterise epilepsy in a referral-based equine population. Predictive factors of epilepsy in horses were similar to those reported in other species and may assist the clinician with the early diagnosis of epilepsy.


Assuntos
Epilepsia/veterinária , Doenças dos Cavalos/classificação , Animais , Epilepsia/classificação , Feminino , Cavalos , Masculino , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos
2.
J Am Anim Hosp Assoc ; 37(4): 374-83, 2001.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11450839

RESUMO

In large- and giant-breed dogs, fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy (FCEM) is a well-recognized syndrome of acute spinal cord infarction caused by embolization of fibrocartilage. The miniature schnauzer is reportedly the most frequently affected small breed, although clinical data from only six miniature schnauzers with FCEM is available in the literature. The purposes of this study were to determine the relative frequency of FCEM compared to other causes of myelopathy in miniature schnauzers, to characterize the clinicopathological features of FCEM in 38 miniature schnauzers, and to directly compare FCEM and intervertebral disk herniation in miniature schnauzers with respect to age at diagnosis; gender; neuroanatomical localization; and progression, asymmetry, and severity of neurological deficits. Fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy was the most common cause of myelopathy in miniature schnauzers. Age at diagnosis, asymmetry and severity of neurological deficits, and lack of progression of clinical signs after 24 hours assisted in distinguishing FCEM from intervertebral disk herniation. Fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy-related mortality in miniature schnauzers was significantly lower than mortality rates reported for affected large and giant breeds. Only 22% of miniature schnauzers were euthanized because of their disease, although the vast majority of survivors failed to achieve complete neurological recovery.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Embolia/veterinária , Doenças da Medula Espinal/veterinária , Animais , Cruzamento , Cartilagem , Doenças do Cão/etiologia , Cães , Embolia/complicações , Embolia/epidemiologia , Feminino , Indiana/epidemiologia , Deslocamento do Disco Intervertebral/epidemiologia , Deslocamento do Disco Intervertebral/veterinária , Masculino , Minnesota/epidemiologia , Ohio/epidemiologia , Registros/veterinária , Estudos Retrospectivos , Doenças da Medula Espinal/epidemiologia , Doenças da Medula Espinal/etiologia
3.
J Am Vet Med Assoc ; 211(6): 731-5, 1997 Sep 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9301744

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To characterize clinical features, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment outcome for dogs with generalized tremors. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 12 white purebred and 12 nonwhite mixed-breed and purebred dogs. PROCEDURE: Medical records of dogs examined for tremors between January 1984 and July 1995 were reviewed. History, signalment, abnormalities on physical and neurologic examinations, results of diagnostic testing, and diagnosis were recorded for each dog. Results were divided into the following 3 categories on the basis of the cause of the tremors: inflammatory, noninflammatory, and idiopathic. Cause was determined by results of CSF analyses or a history of toxin exposure. RESULTS: The only noninflammatory cause of generalized tremors identified in these dogs was mycotoxin ingestion. Steroid-responsive tremor syndrome had developed in 22 of 24 dogs, half of which had abnormal results of CSF analyses. Most dogs were young adults between 1 and 5 years old. More than half of the dogs were nonwhite mixed-breeds and all weighed < 15 kg (33 lb). Eighty percent of the dogs responded to immunosuppressive treatment within 3 days. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Inflammatory and noninflammatory causes for generalized tremors in dogs result in similar clinical signs, so a logical diagnostic and treatment approach is needed. Steroid-responsive tremor syndrome should be considered in small- to medium-breed, young adult dogs, regardless of coat color. A rapid and complete response to immunosuppressive treatment is expected.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Tremor/veterinária , Administração Oral , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Fosfatase Alcalina/sangue , Animais , Ansiolíticos/uso terapêutico , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Benzodiazepinas/uso terapêutico , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Central/complicações , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Central/fisiopatologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Central/veterinária , Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/química , Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/citologia , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Cão/etiologia , Cães , Feminino , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Inflamação/complicações , Inflamação/fisiopatologia , Inflamação/veterinária , Masculino , Micotoxinas/administração & dosagem , Micotoxinas/efeitos adversos , Prednisolona/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Tremor/diagnóstico , Tremor/etiologia
4.
Metab Brain Dis ; 11(3): 239-47, 1996 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8869944

RESUMO

A 12 week old female Labrador retriever dog with signs of progressive diffuse degeneration of the brain and spinal cord was found to have methylmalonic and malonic aciduria. Over a 5 month period, the dog developed neurologic signs compatible with disease of the central nervous system with predominant diffuse cerebral and right lateralizing brainstem deficits. Gross pathological examination of the brain showed that the lateral, third, and fourth ventricles of the brain were markedly enlarged and associated with white and grey matter atrophy. Syringomyelia and hydromyelia of the central canal into the dorsal funiculus of the spinal cord beginning at the level of the cervical intumescence and extending to the lumbar intumescence was also present. Significant biochemical abnormalities include methylmalonic and malonic aciduria, mild lactic and pyruvic aciduria. There was also accumulation of citric acid cycle intermediates including succinic, aconitic, and fumaric acids. Disordered fatty acid oxidation was suggested by increased excretion of adipic, ethylmalonic, suberic and sebacic acids. Neither ketoacidosis nor hyperammonemia were present, and serum cobalamin levels were normal. Overall, this dog demonstrates an inborn error of metabolism resulting in abnormal organic acid accumulation associated with a neurodegenerative disease.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/patologia , Doenças do Cão/urina , Encefalomielite/urina , Encefalomielite/veterinária , Malonatos/urina , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo/urina , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo/veterinária , Ácido Metilmalônico/urina , Animais , Encéfalo/patologia , Encéfalo/ultraestrutura , Cães , Eletromiografia , Encefalomielite/patologia , Feminino , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Hidrocefalia/metabolismo , Hidrocefalia/patologia , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo/patologia , Músculos/inervação , Músculos/patologia , Músculos/ultraestrutura , Fibras Nervosas/ultraestrutura
5.
J Vet Intern Med ; 10(2): 65-71, 1996.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8683482

RESUMO

Cavernous sinus syndrome (CSS) is characterized by deficits in more than one of the cranial nerves (CN) that traverse the cavernous sinus at the base of the cranial vault: CN III (oculomotor), IV (trochlear), VI (abducens), and the first two branches of CN V (trigeminal). Records from 4 dogs and 8 cats with CSS diagnosed over a 14-year period were reviewed. The most common clinical signs were ophthalmoparesis or ophthalmoplegia, mydriasis with no direct or consensual pupillary light reflexes, ptosis, decreased corneal sensation, and decreased retractor oculi reflex. All cats had initial signs referable to a left CSS lesion (one had bilateral CSS), whereas in all dogs the lesions were localized to the right cavernous sinus. Median ages at diagnosis were 9 and 10 years of age for dogs and cats, respectively. Cerebel lomedullary cisternae cerebrospinal fluid analysis in 6 animals was useful as a sensitivebut nonspecific diagnostic test of an intracranial inflammatory or neoplastic lesion. Magnetic resonance imaging scans provided a more definitive diagnostic test in all dogs, revealing a contrast-enhancing mass on T1 weighted scans in the region of the cavernous sinus. A definitive pathological diagnosis was obtained in 2 dogs: a primary intracranial neoplasm and a metastatic intracranial neoplasm. A definitive diagnosis was obtained in 6 cats: metastatic neoplasm (n = 1), primary intracranial neoplasm (n = 1), primary intracranial infectious disease (n = 2), and associated systemic infectious disease (n = 2). The prognosis associated with CSS in dogs and cats was considered guarded to poor.


Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/fisiopatologia , Seio Cavernoso/patologia , Doenças dos Nervos Cranianos/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/fisiopatologia , Animais , Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico , Gatos , Doenças dos Nervos Cranianos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Nervos Cranianos/fisiopatologia , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Cães , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Síndrome
6.
J Am Vet Med Assoc ; 206(11): 1721-8, 1995 Jun 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7782244

RESUMO

On initial evaluation for onset of seizure disorders at nonreferral veterinary practices, 50 previously healthy dogs were enrolled in a study to determine the probability of identifying a specific cause for the seizures. Treatment was not administered prior to entry of dogs in the study. On the basis of antemortem and postmortem test results, 22 dogs (44%) were classified as having primary epileptic seizures (PES; idiopathic or without identifiable cause), 23 (46%) had secondary epileptic seizures (SES; identifiable intracranial cause), and 5 (10%) had reactive epileptic seizures (RES; metabolic or transient noxious cause). Forty-one dogs (82%) had 2 or more seizures before evaluation, with 37 (90%) of these dogs classified as having epilepsy on the basis of an underlying chronic brain disorder. For these 41 dogs, 17 (41%) had PES, 20 (49%) had SES, and 4 (10%) had RES. Among the 9 dogs (18%) with nonrecurring seizures, 5 had PES, 3 had SES, and 1 had RES. Generalized seizures were the most common first-observed seizure type associated with all etiologic classifications in all dogs with recurring and nonrecurring seizures. Diagnosis of SES was statistically more probable when the dog was less than 1 or more than 7 years old at the first seizure, when the first seizure was a partial seizure, or when the first seizure occurred between midnight and 8 AM. A diagnosis of RES was statistically more probable only when the interval between the first and second seizure was brief (< or = 4 weeks).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/classificação , Epilepsia/veterinária , Fatores Etários , Animais , Doenças do Cão/etiologia , Cães , Epilepsia/classificação , Epilepsia/epidemiologia , Epilepsia/etiologia , Prevalência
7.
J Vet Intern Med ; 7(5): 318-27, 1993.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8263851

RESUMO

On a retrospective basis, the response to adding chronic oral bromide (BR) to phenobarbital (PB) administration in 23 refractory canine idiopathic epileptics between 1986 and 1991 was studied. The mean age for an observed first seizure was 24 months (range 7 to 72) for all dogs. Thirteen (57%) dogs were males with no breed predisposition observed. All dogs were diagnosed as having idiopathic epilepsy based on normal metabolic and neurologic diagnostic evaluations. Dogs were evaluated before BR therapy for a mean time of 22 months (range 5 to 75 months). Seventeen dogs (74%) received multiple antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) before BR therapy. All animals were maintained on PB at least 4 months before the onset of BR therapy, with a mean trough serum concentration of 37.8 mcg/mL and no improvement in seizure severity or recurrence. Twelve dogs presented with generalized isolated seizures and 11 with generalized cluster seizures (two or more seizures within 24 hours) as their first seizure. The effects of BR therapy were evaluated for a mean time of 15 months (range 4 to 33), with 17 dogs (74%) followed for 12 or more months. The mean BR serum concentration for the 0 to 4 months time period was 117 mg/dL compared with 161 mg/dL for the greater than 4 months period. Overall, response to BR therapy was associated with a reduction in the total number of seizures in 83% of the dogs when compared with their respective pre-BR period. For those followed for 1 year after BR, there was a 53% reduction in the number of seizures compared with the previous 12 months. Furthermore, owners reported a decrease in seizure intensity (65% of dogs) and change to a less severe seizure type (22% of dogs) in those dogs that continued to have seizures. Seizure-free status was obtained in 26% of the dogs with protection continuing up to 31 months in one dog. No correlations could be determined between response to BR and either age of onset of the first seizure or interval from the first AED therapy to BR therapy. Adverse effects of concomitant BR and PB therapy were polydipsia (56% of dogs), polyphagia (30% of dogs), excessive sedation (30% of dogs), and generalized ataxia (17% of dogs). As a result of BR treatment, the PB dosage was reduced in eight dogs (35%). In conclusion, concomitant BR and PB was well tolerated in dogs of this study and was effective in treating refractory canine idiopathic epilepsy, regardless of prior interval of seizure activity or previous treatment.


Assuntos
Brometos/uso terapêutico , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Epilepsia/veterinária , Fenobarbital/uso terapêutico , Animais , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Brometos/administração & dosagem , Brometos/efeitos adversos , Cães , Quimioterapia Combinada , Eletroencefalografia/veterinária , Epilepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Masculino , Fenobarbital/administração & dosagem , Fenobarbital/efeitos adversos , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos
10.
Probl Vet Med ; 1(4): 501-15, 1989.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2520131

RESUMO

Epilepsy, one of the most common neurologic disorders treated by veterinarians, is also one of the least understood. A dysregulation of neural excitability appears to underlie most seizures; yet, it is still not clear whether the disorder is one of excess excitation, failure of inhibition, or a combination of both. This paper presents normal neural physiology followed by current theories regarding the pathophysiology of epilepsy so that the reader may better understand the rationale explained in later chapters regarding the choice of anticonvulsant therapies.


Assuntos
Epilepsia/veterinária , Neurônios/fisiologia , Convulsões/veterinária , Animais , Epilepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Epilepsia/fisiopatologia , Prognóstico , Convulsões/tratamento farmacológico , Convulsões/fisiopatologia
11.
Probl Vet Med ; 1(4): 596-605, 1989.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2520136

RESUMO

The objective when treating a patient with refractory epilepsy is to control the seizures without drug toxicity. This is accomplished in a stepwise fashion: 1) use a drug known to be effective in the species being treated, 2) verify that the owner is complying with the prescribed dosage regimen, 3) monitor serum drug levels with samples taken at trough blood concentrations, 4) observe for adverse drug reactions/interactions, and 5) test for metabolic or structural brain injuries that would explain the poor drug response. By following these steps and individualizing the treatment for each patient, you should be able to obtain seizure control in the majority of patients.


Assuntos
Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Doenças do Gato/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Epilepsia/veterinária , Animais , Gatos , Cães , Resistência a Medicamentos , Epilepsia/tratamento farmacológico
12.
J Am Vet Med Assoc ; 194(9): 1300-2, 1989 May 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2656611

RESUMO

A 3-month-old English Bulldog had excretory incontinence and sensory deficits in the distribution of pudendal nerves. Noncontrast radiography, myelography, and computed tomography revealed spina bifida beginning at L7, an expanded subarachnoid space caudal to L7, and a taut, thick filum terminale. Microsurgical exploration of the lumbosacral spine confirmed the presence of a tethered cord, and the filum terminale was transected. The spinal cord immediately migrated cranially about 1 cm. Although some sensory improvement was evident during a 2-week postoperative period, the dog was euthanatized. Postmortem examination confirmed spina bifida and atrophy of sacral nerve roots and perineal muscles, thoracic hemivertebrae, and hydrocephalus.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico por imagem , Espinha Bífida Oculta/veterinária , Medula Espinal/anormalidades , Animais , Doenças do Cão/congênito , Doenças do Cão/cirurgia , Cães , Masculino , Mielografia/veterinária , Espinha Bífida Oculta/diagnóstico por imagem , Espinha Bífida Oculta/cirurgia , Síndrome/veterinária
13.
J Am Vet Med Assoc ; 193(7): 847-9, 1988 Oct 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3192466

RESUMO

An 8-year-old mixed-breed dog was evaluated for caudal paresis. Transient lameness of the left hind and left forelimbs had developed during the preceding week. Clinical findings included conscious proprioceptive deficits, hyporeflexive tendon reflexes and decreased pain perception, coolness in the hind limbs and left forelimb, and absence of femoral pulses. A fluid-dense mass was radiographically identified adjacent to the left atrium. Echocardiography revealed a mass in the left atrium and spontaneous contrast in the left ventricular lumen and aortic root. The dog was euthanatized because of its deteriorating condition. A large mass was adhered to the dorsal left atrial wall and had eroded into the atrial lumen. A sterile blood clot was attached to this site, and sterile thrombi were in the terminal portion of the aorta. Histologically, the mass was found to be hilar lymph node with chronic pyogranulomatous inflammation containing organisms characteristic of Blastomyces dermatitidis.


Assuntos
Doenças da Aorta/veterinária , Blastomicose/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças Linfáticas/veterinária , Tromboembolia/veterinária , Animais , Doenças da Aorta/complicações , Doenças da Aorta/diagnóstico , Doenças da Aorta/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças da Aorta/patologia , Blastomicose/complicações , Blastomicose/diagnóstico , Blastomicose/patologia , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Cães , Ecocardiografia/veterinária , Feminino , Doenças Linfáticas/complicações , Doenças Linfáticas/diagnóstico , Doenças Linfáticas/microbiologia , Doenças Linfáticas/patologia , Radiografia , Tromboembolia/complicações , Tromboembolia/diagnóstico , Tromboembolia/microbiologia , Tromboembolia/patologia
14.
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract ; 18(3): 711-24, 1988 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3289252

RESUMO

Owing to improvements in health care, more animals are living to advanced ages. Many abnormal neurologic conditions can affect these patients, but those most commonly associated with advancing years include degenerative, neoplastic, and idiopathic processes. An understanding of the "normal" age-related changes seen on a neurologic examination must be kept in mind when evaluating geriatric patients. Special care and consideration of the patient and client are often required in managing these cases, especially because treatment protocols are often unsuccessful or do not exist, resulting in a prognosis that is often poor at best.


Assuntos
Doenças do Gato , Doenças do Cão , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/veterinária , Envelhecimento , Animais , Gatos , Cães , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso/veterinária , Doenças da Medula Espinal/veterinária , Tremor/veterinária
15.
J Neuroimmunol ; 17(3): 237-51, 1988 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3339118

RESUMO

Sera and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from four dogs with delayed-onset canine distemper viral (CDV) encephalitis (old dog encephalitis) were compared with samples from dogs with acute CDV and from recently vaccinated controls. Dogs with old dog encephalitis (ODE) had elevated CSF IgG concentrations (122 micrograms/ml) compared to controls (13 micrograms/ml) without elevated CSF albumin; their CSF IgG index was significantly greater. CSF proteins banding in the alkaline region of isoelectric focusing gels were immunochemically identified as IgG. Detectable viral neutralizing antibody was present in ODE CSF, and formed a larger proportion of IgG in CSF than in serum. Serum samples containing 2 mg IgG bound to all viral polypeptides of both R252 and Onderstepoort CDV isolates by immunoblot analysis. CSF samples of ODE patients bound viral antigens when diluted to contain as little as 5-40 micrograms IgG, while patient serum could be diluted to 40-200 micrograms IgG content compared to serum IgG of 100 micrograms/ml in vaccinated controls. Serial CSF dilutions consistently bound to H and NP polypeptides at the highest dilutions, similar to the binding of serums from recently vaccinated dogs. Thus, dogs with delayed-onset CDV encephalitis have elevated concentrations of CSF IgG, much of which is virus-specific, with an antigen binding pattern similar to that of sera of recently immunized dogs.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Cinomose/imunologia , Doenças do Cão/imunologia , Encefalite/veterinária , Imunoglobulina G/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Doença Aguda , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/biossíntese , Cinomose/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Cinomose/complicações , Vírus da Cinomose Canina/imunologia , Doenças do Cão/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Cães/imunologia , Encefalite/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Encefalite/etiologia , Encefalite/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G/biossíntese , Vacinação , Proteínas Virais/imunologia
16.
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract ; 3(2): 405-19, 1987 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3040197

RESUMO

The neurologic form of EHV-1 infection appears to be the result of central nervous system infarction caused by vasculitis, which is initiated in endothelial cells of small blood vessels. The etiologic agent is equine herpesvirus-1, subtype 1. There is some evidence to suggest that the neurologic form of the disease actually results from reactivation of a previous infection. Whether the vasculitis that causes the central nervous system injury is the direct result of the infection or an immune response to the infection has not been determined. The clinical signs are rapid in onset, nonprogressive, and many horses may improve. The diagnosis must often remain tentative, particularly in horses that recover, because there is no single reliable confirmatory test. The prognosis is generally good, although recovery may be slow and incomplete. Supportive therapy is essential, and administration of corticosteroids may be useful. There is no specific therapy for the virus or for the vasculitis. Currently no vaccine can be claimed to protect against the central nervous system form of the disease. Vaccination is recommended, however, to reduce the incidence of respiratory disease, abortion, and neonatal death on the farm. Repeated vaccination is necessary to maintain presumably protective antibody concentrations. Vaccination every 3 to 4 months may decrease the incidence of EHV-1 infection on the farm and therefore may indirectly prevent the occurrence of the neurologic form of the disease.


Assuntos
Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Central/veterinária , Infecções por Herpesviridae/veterinária , Doenças dos Cavalos/microbiologia , Animais , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Central/microbiologia , Herpesvirus Equídeo 1 , Cavalos
17.
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract ; 3(2): 293-322, 1987 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3304568

RESUMO

Electrodiagnostic aids, electromyography, auditory brainstem response testing, and electroencephalography are extensions of the neurologic examination and provide valuable information about the nervous system. This article discusses the use and interpretation of electrodiagnostic aids in equine neurology as well as the equipment that is employed. It is hoped that with a better understanding of the available electrodiagnostic aids, they will come into greater use.


Assuntos
Eletrodiagnóstico/veterinária , Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/veterinária , Potenciais de Ação , Animais , Tronco Encefálico/fisiopatologia , Eletroencefalografia/veterinária , Eletromiografia/veterinária , Potenciais Evocados Auditivos , Doenças dos Cavalos/fisiopatologia , Cavalos , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/diagnóstico , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/fisiopatologia , Condução Nervosa
18.
J Am Vet Med Assoc ; 187(8): 835-6, 1985 Oct 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-4055504

RESUMO

Granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis (GME) was diagnosed in an 8-month-old Maltese with signs of CNS disease. Serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G concentration was decreased, and CSF analysis revealed high concentrations of mononuclear WBC and IgG. Initial improvement of the pup's signs in association with prednisolone treatment and postmortem examination of CNS tissues confirmed GME. Granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis occurs rarely in young dogs and the abnormal Ig concentrations in this pup's serum and CSF suggest that immune responses may have a role in the cause and/or pathogenesis of GME.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/etiologia , Encefalomielite/veterinária , Granuloma/veterinária , Meningoencefalite/veterinária , Animais , Doenças do Cão/imunologia , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Cães , Encefalomielite/imunologia , Encefalomielite/patologia , Feminino , Granuloma/imunologia , Granuloma/patologia , Meningoencefalite/imunologia , Meningoencefalite/patologia
19.
Am J Vet Res ; 46(6): 1303-8, 1985 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3927799

RESUMO

Cerebrospinal fluid samples from 9 dogs given 84 mg of metrizamide/kg of body weight intrathecally were collected at intervals from 3 hours to 30 days after treatment and were compared with CSF samples collected before metrizamide treatment (base line) and with samples taken at similar intervals from 2 nontreated control dogs. Increased CSF albumin (mean 19.2 mg/dl) and immunoglobulin (Ig) G (mean 5.91 mg/dl) concentrations occurred 1 day after myelography, compared with base-line concentrations (6.15 and 1.24 mg/dl, respectively) and with concentrations from controls. Immunoglobulin M and IgA concentrations also were increased in some of these samples. However, immediately after myelography (3 hours after treatment) CSF albumin and IgG concentrations were comparable with those of controls, and these values returned to base line within 5 days of myelography and remained so for 30 days. A high correlation between albumin and IgG concentrations of individual CSF samples indicated the likelihood that leakage across the blood-CSF barrier was the origin of the increased values. A transient increase in CSF leukocytes, consisting of mononuclear cells and neutrophils, was also noticed 1 day after treatment but not at other times and not in controls. Nonsuppurative, predominately histiocytic meningitis of decreasing intensity was noticed in dogs euthanatized at 1 or 5 days, but not in dogs euthanatized at 10, 20, or 30 days after treatment. The meningeal cells stained intensely with periodic acid-Schiff stain and intracellular contrast medium was ultrastructurally apparent in phagolysosomes. Control dogs killed after 30 days did not have these changes. The intrathecal administration of metrizamide resulted in transient leakage of serum components into CSF and an accompanying transient meningitis.


Assuntos
Barreira Hematoencefálica/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas do Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/metabolismo , Cães/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Metrizamida/farmacologia , Albuminas/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Animais , Cães/anatomia & histologia , Imunodifusão , Imunoglobulina G/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Injeções Espinhais , Meninges/efeitos dos fármacos , Meninges/ultraestrutura , Metrizamida/administração & dosagem , Microscopia Eletrônica , Mielografia/veterinária
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