Nanotechnology-based Approaches and Investigational Therapeutics against COVID-19.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the novel coronavirus responsible for the current global pandemic, which first emerged in December 2019. This coronavirus has affected 217 countries worldwide, most of which have enacted non-remedial preventive measures, such as nationwide lockdowns, work from home, travel bans, and social isolation. Pharmacists, doctors, nurses, technologists, and other healthcare professionals have played pivotal roles during this pandemic. Unfortunately, confirmed drugs have not been identified for the treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARSCoV2; however, favipiravir and remdesivir have been reported as promising antiviral drugs. Some vaccines have already been developed, and vaccination is ongoing globally. Various nanotechnologies are currently being developed in many countries for preventing SARS-CoV-2 spread and treating COVID-19 infections. In this article, we present an overview of the COVID-19 pandemic situation and discuss nanotechnology-based approaches and investigational therapeutics for COVID-19.

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome: An Overview of the Molecular Mechanism, Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Approach.

Lamin A/C encoded by the LMNA gene is an essential component for maintaining the nuclear structure. Mutation in the lamin A/C leads to a group of inherited disorders is known as laminopathies. In the human body, there are several mutations in the LMNA gene that have been identified. It can affect diverse organs or tissues or can be systemic, causing different diseases. In this review, we mainly focused on one of the most severe laminopathies, Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS). HGPS is an immensely uncommon, deadly, metameric ill-timed laminopathies caused by the abnormal splicing of the LMNA gene and production of an aberrant protein known as progerin. Here, we also presented the currently available data on the molecular mechanism, pathophysiology, available treatment, and future approaches to this deadly disease. Due to the production of progerin, an abnormal protein leads to an abnormality in nuclear structure, defects in DNA repair, shortening of telomere, and impairment in gene regulation which ultimately results in aging in the early stage of life. Now some treatment options are available for this disease, but a proper understanding of the molecular mechanism of this disease will help to develop a more appropriate treatment which makes it an emerging area of research.