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1.
Odontol. sanmarquina (Impr.) ; 21(4)Diciembre 2018.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1010083

RESUMO

Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia de la edad, el sexo y el estado dental, sobre índices radiomorfométricos de la mandíbula, obtenidos en panorámicas de adultos venezolanos. Métodos: La muestra estuvo constituida por 156 radiografías panorámicas digitales de individuos de ambos sexos (78 hombres y 78 mujeres), con edades entre los 20 y 81 años, donde se midieron mediante el software ImageJ, los siguientes índices: EC=espesor de la cortical mandibular, ARM= altura región mentoniana, GRA= grado de reabsorción de la cresta alveolar, IPM= índice panorámico mandibular, IAG= índice antegonial, IG=índice gonial, AMR=altura máxima de la rama, AG=ángulo gonial. Se obtuvieron estadísticos descriptivos, correlaciones de Spearman y diferencias de medias mediante test de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Se observó una tendencia a la disminución de las medias obtenidas para los índices en los grupos de mayor edad, para ambos sexos, asimismo, se evidenciaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre hombres y mujeres, con excepción de EC e IAG. Al comparar los valores observados para los sexos por grupos de edad, se evidenciaron diferencias significativas en los grupos de mayor edad (p<0,001). Se verificó una correlación negativa entre los índices y la edad cronológica, siendo estadísticamente significativa en ARM, GRA, IPM, IAG e IG. En ambos sexos el estado de la dentición mostró una correlación positiva y significativa con GRA. Conclusiones: Los valores de los índices disminuyeron con la edad y mostraron dimorfismo sexual, lo que fue evidente a partir de los 50 años, el estado dental se relacionó significativamente con el GRA. Palabras clave: Adulto; Mandíbula; Panorámica; Radiografía.


Objective: To evaluate the influence of age, sex and dental status on radiomorphometric indexes of the mandible, obtained from panoramic radiographs of a Venezuelan adults. Methods: The sample consisted of 156 digital panoramic radiographs of individuals of both sexes (78 men and 78 women), with ages between 20 and 81 years old, where the following indexes were measured by ImageJ software: MC=thickness of the mandibu-lar cortex, MRH= mental region height, ARR=degree of alveolar ridge reabsorption, PMI=panoramic mandibular index, AGI=antegonial index, GI=gonial index, MRH=-maximum height of the ramus, GA=gonial angle. Descriptive statistics, Spearman correlations and differences in means were obtained using the Mann-Whitney test. Results:There was a tendency to measurement values reduction for the indices obtained from age groups, for both sexes, as well as statistically significant differences between men and wo-men, with the exception of MC and AGI. When comparing the observed values for the sexes by age groups, significant differences were found in the older age groups (p<0.001). There was a negative correlation between the indexes and the chronological age, being statistically significant in MRH, ARR, PMI, AGI and GI. In both sexes the dentition status showed a positive and significant correlation with ARR. Conclusions: The values of the indexes decreased with age and showed sexual dimorphism, which was evident after 50 years, the dental status was significantly related to the ARR. Keywords: Mandible; Panoramic; Radiography; Adult.

2.
Rev. esp. med. legal ; 40(4): 139-145, oct.-dic. 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-127414

RESUMO

Introducción. El presente trabajo tuvo como propósito comparar la edad dental estimada mediante el desarrollo del tercer molar de venezolanos y la obtenida utilizando una herramienta computacional con una base de datos hispánica de Texas. Material y métodos. Esta investigación fue de tipo retrospectiva y observacional. Se evaluaron ortopantomografías de 169 individuos de ambos sexos, con edades entre 12-20 años. Se calculó la edad dental por el método de Demirjian et al. (EDD), la edad dental por el tercer molar (ETM) utilizando los estadios de maduración de Demirjianet al., la edad dental por el software UT-Age con ancestro hispánico (UTH) y desconocido (UTD). Resultados. Las diferencias de media entre las variables evidenciaron una subestimación de la edad cronológica (EC) con relación a la EDD y ETM desde los 16 años, en ambos sexos. Las edades calculadas por el UT-Age sobreestimaron la edad en la mayoría de los grupos etarios. Al comparar la ETM con la UTH y la UTD, se observó una consistente sobreestimación de la edad. Considerando la media de la diferencia entre la EC y las edades estimadas, se observó que la EMT presentó la menor diferencia (varones 0,195 p = 0,225; mujeres 0,220 p = 0,276) cuando se comparó la ETM con las edades calculadas por el software, la UTH mostró la menor diferencia (varones -0,980 p = 0,001; mujeres -0,805 p = 0,001). Conclusión. La edad estimada mediante el UTH fue más próxima a la edad real que la obtenida por el UTD (AU)


Introduction. The purpose of this study was to compare the dental age estimated by the development of the third molar in Venezuelans with the age obtained using a computational tool with a Texas Hispanic database. Materials and methods. Retrospective observational stury. 169 ortopantomographs of Venezuelan individuals of both sexes, aged 12-20, were evaluated. Dental age was calculated by using the Demirjian et al. method (DAD), third molar dental age (TMA) using the stages of maturation of Demirjian et al., as well as the UT-Age software which includes Hispanic(UTH) and unknown (UTU) ancestress. Results. The mean differences between the variables showed an underestimation of the chronological age (CA) in relation to the DAD and TMA of 16 years in both sexes. The ages calculated by the UT-Age, overestimated age in most age groups. By comparing the TMA with UTH and UTU, there was a consistent overestimation of age. Considering the mean of the difference between the CA and the estimated ages, it was observed that the TMA had the lowest difference (p = 0.225 p = 0.195 males, females 0.220 p = 0.276). When TMA ages were compared with the one calculated by the software, UTH showed the smallest difference (p = 0.001 p = -0.98 males, females -0.80 p = 0.001). Conclusion. The estimated age using UTH was closer to the real age than the one obtained with UTD (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Odontologia Legal/métodos , Medicina Legal/legislação & jurisprudência , Medicina Legal/métodos , Antropologia Forense/legislação & jurisprudência , Antropologia Forense/métodos , Antropologia Forense/tendências , Determinação da Idade pelo Esqueleto/métodos , Determinação da Idade pelo Esqueleto/normas , Determinação da Idade pelo Esqueleto , Determinação da Idade pelos Dentes/métodos , Odontologia Legal/organização & administração , Odontologia Legal/normas , Medicina Legal/organização & administração , Medicina Legal/normas , Antropologia Forense/normas , Estudos Retrospectivos
3.
Forensic Sci Int ; 178(2-3): 119-24, 2008 Jul 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18434052

RESUMO

The preservation of teeth that have been exposed to a heat source is a key factor in order to keep their value as evidence. This research paper presents some methods under development for the analysis of dental evidence after exposure to high temperatures; it also establishes age related alterations of young and aged teeth which have been exposed to direct heat. A total of thirty permanent healthy teeth (young=15 and old=15) were submitted to direct heat (n=14) and to a controlled raise of temperature (n=16); they were embedded in polymethylmetacrilate. For the macroscopic study, blocks were cut in half, polished and their surfaces were digitalized. Subsequently, blocks were put in slides, worn away and observed through a photomicroscope. The study of the colorimetric pattern was done by Corel Photo Paint 12.0 and Image J. software. All teeth submitted to the gradual raise of temperature presented a degree of structural damage lower than those exposed to direct heat. The internal surface of young teeth exposed to direct heat showed lines of fracture oblique to the long axis of the tooth; in contrast, a reticular pattern was observed on aged teeth. All teeth exposed to direct heat showed some matte-black coloration areas, while those submitted to a gradual increment of temperature showed a greyish colour in the enamel and a chalky-white in the cementum. By using both thermal treatments in young teeth, the amelodentinal junction was lost, thus preserving the integrity of each tissue. In aged teeth, the separation of this junction was produced because of the breakdown of the dentine. Microscopically, in teeth exposed to direct heat, it was neither possible to differentiate the dentin from the cementum, nor to distinguish the incremental lines of the latter; while in those submitted to a controlled increment of temperature, the corresponding morphology in the tissues was observed. A significant statistical difference was obtained for black colour among young and aged teeth exposed to direct heat, as well as among the means of all colours obtained from the teeth exposed to both treatments. The structural changes observed allow locating a tooth in the studied age groups. Our results show the viability of the applied method for the processing of samples, allowing their preservation as evidence during an indefinite time.


Assuntos
Odontologia Legal/métodos , Temperatura Alta/efeitos adversos , Dente/ultraestrutura , Adolescente , Determinação da Idade pelos Dentes , Colorimetria , Cemento Dentário/ultraestrutura , Esmalte Dentário/ultraestrutura , Dentina/ultraestrutura , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Microscopia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
4.
Invest. clín ; 48(4): 403-418, dic. 2007. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-486579

RESUMO

El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivos identificar la presencia de indicadores de la edad en la rama mandibular y estudiar su aplicabilidad para la estimación de la edad cronológica en niños de 6 a 12 años de edad. Se seleccionó una muestra de 128 individuos (70 varones y 58 hembras), sin enfermedades sistémicas agudas o crónicas. Se evaluaron variables métricas y angulares de la rama mandibular sobre radiografías panorámicas de la cavidad bucal. Se aplicó el método de Greulich y Pyle para estimar la edad ósea y el método de Demirjian y col. para estimar la edad dental. Se observó una correlación positiva y estadísticamente significativa entre las variables métricas estudiadas y la edad cronológica, mientras que las variables angulares no mostraron correlación con la edad cronológica. Se construyeron modelos de regresión para la estimación de la edad que emplean las variables métricas de la rama mandibular, que contribuyeron significativamente en el cálculo de la edad. Se encontró una consistente subestimación de la edad ósea y una sobrestimación de la edad dental, en ambos sexos. Se evidenció que la combinación de la edad dental, la edad ósea y las variables métricas obtenidas en la rama mandibular, incrementa la precisión para el cálculo de la edad cronológica, al compararla con las estimaciones aisladas de edad ósea y dental. Los modelos de regresión propuestos pueden ser empleados para la estimación de la edad en cadáveres en avanzado estado de descomposición y en individuos vivos, sin documentos válidos de identificación.


Assuntos
Masculino , Adolescente , Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Determinação da Idade pelo Esqueleto , Determinação da Idade pelos Dentes , Mandíbula , Radiografia , Odontologia , Venezuela
5.
Invest Clin ; 48(4): 403-18, 2007 Dec.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18271388

RESUMO

This paper had as goals to identify the presence of age indicators in the mandibular ramus and to study their applicability in estimating the chronological age of children between the ages of 6 and 12 years. For this, a sample of 128 individuals (70 males and 58 females) was selected, all without chronic or acute sicknesses. An evaluation was made of the metric and angular variables of the mandibular ramus on panoramic radiographs of the oral cavity. The Greulich-Pyle method was applied to estimate the skeletal age, and the Demirjian et al. method was applied to estimate the dental age. A positive correlation, statistically significant, could be observed between the metric variables studied and the chronological age; nevertheless, the angular variables did not show correlation with the chronological age. Regression models were built using metric variables of the mandibular ramus in order to estimate the age, which made a significant contribution to the calculation of the age. A consistent subestimation of the skeletal age and an overestimation of the dental age were found in both sexes. It was evident that a combination of the dental age, the skeletal age and the metric variables obtained in the mandibular ramus, increases the precision for calculating the chronological age, when compared to separate-made estimations of the dental and skeletal age. The proposed regression models can be used for estimating the age of cadavers in advanced states of decomposition and in living individuals without valid identification documents.


Assuntos
Determinação da Idade pelo Esqueleto/métodos , Cefalometria/métodos , Mandíbula/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia Panorâmica , Determinação da Idade pelos Dentes , Fatores Etários , Artrometria Articular , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Mandíbula/anatomia & histologia , Mandíbula/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Modelos Biológicos , Valores de Referência , Análise de Regressão , Fatores Sexuais
6.
Acta odontol. venez ; 36(1): 5-8, 1998. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-242323

RESUMO

El odontólogo forense juega un papel fundamental como testigo experto antes los juzgados civiles cuando se considera la evidencia dental. Se reporta un caso donde el cadáver de una mujer de 28 años fue sepultado en mayo de 1990, víctima aparente de un arrollamiento por vehículo automotor. La necropsia reveló fracturas complejas con deformidad de los huesos de cráneo y cara, producidas por objeto contundente. Posteriormente, la madre de la occisa consignó ante las autoridades una pieza dental y un fragmento de esmalte dentario, que habían sido encontrados en un sitio diferente al descrito como lugar del accidente. Este hallazgo, aunado a otras experticias policiales, planteó la posibilidad de que se estuviera en presencia de un homicidio, siendo el esposo de la víctima el principal sospechoso. Iniciadas las investigaciones, se ordenó la exhumación. Durante la autopsia bucal, pudo comprobarse que la evidencia dental aportada correspondía a la dentadura de la occisa, complementando así la investigación policial que condujo al esclerecimiento de un crimen, a la identificación del autor material y al dictado de una sentencia firme. Constituyéndose de esta manera, la experticia odontológica en un factor determinante en el proceso penal


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Autopsia , Odontologia Legal , Homicídio , Acidentes de Trânsito/mortalidade , Cadáver , Esmalte Dentário/anatomia & histologia , Incisivo/anatomia & histologia
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