Sarna sarcóptica en cerdos criados en cama profunda. Reporte de caso / Sarcoptic mange in pigs in deep beeding. Case report

RESUMEN La sarna sarcóptica en los cerdos es causada por Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis el cual se distribuye ampliamente en los cinco continentes. Los productores porcícolas en general están preocupados por las infecciones parasitarias internas e ignoran las infestaciones parasitarias externas; estas últimas, causadas por S. scabiei tienen gran importancia económica ya que causa morbilidad, mortalidad, disminución de la fertilidad y de la tasa de conversión alimenticia. Este trabajo permitió determinar la presencia de sarna sarcóptica en cerdos criados bajo sistema de producción con cama profunda de una granja en el estado Guárico (Venezuela), utilizando las técnicas parasitológicas directas de flotación-concentración y microscopía directa. Los resultados demostraron que dos de siete muestras evaluadas fueron positivas con S. scabiei var. suis. El 100% de los animales presentaron lesiones de piel compatibles con la presencia del ácaro, pero el mismo solo pudo ser detectado en el 28,6% de ellos. La técnica de flotación-concentración fue más efectiva que la de microscopía directa. En este estudio describimos la primera detección de S. scabiei var. suis en cerdos domésticos en Venezuela criados en cama profunda.

ABSTRACT Sarcoptic mange infestation in pigs is caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis. It is distributed worldwide. Pig owners are generally concerned about the internal parasitic infections and ignored the external parasitic infestations. But the external parasitic infestation with S. scabiei has economic significance as it causes morbidity, mortality, decreased fertility and lower feed conversion ratio. In this study the prevalence of sarcoptic mange in a pigs farm in deep beeding in Guárico state (Venezuela) was investigated, using the direct parasitological techniques of flotation-concentration and direct microscopy. Results showed that two of the seven pigs examined were positive for Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis. Skin lesions potentially attributable to this mite were present in 100% of animals, but the parasite could be detected in only 28.6% of them. A flotation-concentration technique was more effective than direct microscopy. In this report we describe for the first time the detection of Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis mites on domestic pigs in Venezuela in deep beeding.

The caveolin-1 connection to cell death and survival.

Caveolins are a family of membrane proteins required for the formation of small plasma membrane invaginations called caveolae that are implicated in cellular trafficking processes. In addition to this structural role, these scaffolding proteins modulate numerous intracellular signaling pathways; often via direct interaction with specific binding partners. Caveolin-1 is particularly well-studied in this respect and has been attributed a large variety of functions. Thus, Caveolin-1 also represents the best-characterized isoform of this family with respect to its participation in cancer. Rather strikingly, available evidence indicates that Caveolin-1 belongs to a select group of proteins that function, depending on the cellular settings, both as tumor suppressor and promoter of cellular traits commonly associated with enhanced malignant behavior, such as metastasis and multi-drug resistance. The mechanisms underlying such ambiguity in Caveolin-1 function constitute an area of great interest. Here, we will focus on discussing how Caveolin-1 modulates cell death and survival pathways and how this may contribute to a better understanding of the ambiguous role this protein plays in cancer.

[Cutaneous adverse reaction to Bio-Alcamid implant]. / Reacción cutánea tras implante con Bio-Alcamid.

In the last years new and numerous materials for the correction of defects and wrinkles have been developed. One of these materials is Bio-Alcamid, a non reabsorbable gel polymer constituted by meshes of poly-alkyl-imide, without known adverse effects. We report a 34-year-old woman that had Bio-Alcamid implants for acne scars and several months after presented nodular lesions together with a painful inflammatory nodule. The nodule was drained and culture of the purulent material yielded Streptococcus viridans. A cytology and a cellular block of that material showed a granulomatous inflammatory reaction together with a foreign body. The different types of reactions to implants and their pathogenic mechanism are discussed. It is important to know these possible reactions to filler materials given their increasing use and the potential medico-legal consequences.

A new successful therapy for fetal chylothorax by intrapleural injection of maternal blood.

We present two cases of fetal chylothorax and hydrops diagnosed at 20 weeks' gestation, both of which underwent successful intrauterine treatment. In Case 1, a transient, near total resolution began 2 weeks after an iatrogenic hemothorax following a second thoracocentesis performed at 24 + 6 weeks. Because of pleural fluid reaccumulation, a Cesarean section was performed at 36 weeks. The 3805-g female neonate was admitted to neonatal intensive care but was discharged 50 days later in a healthy condition. In Case 2, resolution occurred after a third thoracocentesis and a second pleural injection of maternal blood, performed at 26 weeks. A 2660-g female neonate was delivered vaginally at 38 weeks. The infant remained asymptomatic and was discharged aged 4 days. Our experience suggests a possible useful role of intrapleural blood injection for the treatment of fetal chylothorax.

Pharmacokinetics of netobimin and microsomal metabolism of albendazole in infected gerbils with Echinococcus granulosus.

A comparison of the pharmacokinetic profiles of netobimin (NTB), albendazole sulfoxide (ABZSO) and albendazole sulfone (ABZSO2) was performed in gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) with intra-abdominal hydatidosis and in healthy gerbils. The infection was developed after peritoneal inoculation of protoscolices of Echinooccus granulosus from sheep. Plasma concentrations of NTB, ABZSO and ABZSO2 were measured by HPLC after oral administration of 50 mg NTB kg(-1). The results showed an incomplete biotransformation of NTB over the experimental time; and this increased in infected animals. ABZSO and ABZSO2 pharmacokinetic profiles were unaffected and were similar in both non-infected and infected animals. Both hepatic and intestinal microsomal sulfoxidase activities were measured. Since infected gerbils induced hepatic activity and decreased intestinal activity, the total activity was not different in infected and non-infected animals. In summary, intra-abdominal hydatid disease affected the pharmacokinetic profile of NTB, but ABZSO and ABZSO2 plasma concentrations were not different in infected and non-infected gerbils.

Dermatofibroma aneurismático o hemorrágico / Aneurysmal or hemorrhagic dermatofibroma

El Dermatofibroma aneurismático es una rara variante de dermatofibroma pero con características histopatológicas distintivas. En el seno de la lesión se advierten hendiduras y espacios vasculares (sin revestimiento endotelial), llenos de material hemático y acompañados de abundantes depósitos de hemosiderina, que resultan de la extravasación de sangre dentro del estroma tumoral. Este aspecto histopatológico hace discutible el término aneurismático como adjetivo más correcto o no para definir este tipo de dermatofibroma.Presentamos el caso de una lesión en una joven de 14 años cuyo diagnóstico inicial fue de lesión angiomatosa, y describimos las características clinicopatológicas del tumor, así como el diagnóstico diferencial, fundamentalmente con lesiones de estirpe vascular. asimismo discutimos los diferentes términos propuestos por los autores para definir este cuadro (AU)

Eosinophilic fasciitis associated with simple traumatism.

Eosinophilic fasciiitis is an idiopathic and uncommon condition, a scleroderma-like disorder that predominantly affects the extremities and is characterized by marked thickening and inflammation of the fascia, associated with with peripheral blood eosinophilia, hypergammaglobulinemia, and characteristic histologic findings. A case is presented of a 75-year-old female patient who sought medical assistance for sudden occurrence of induration and erythema of both lower extremities one week after she had fallen from a one-meter height, with generalization of the signs. The diagnosis of eosinophilic fasciitis was made on the basis of histopathologic findings, and treatment with glucocorticoids, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs and antihistaminics was prescribed.

Doppler fetal alterado e interrupción de la gestaciónantes de la semana 32 / Alterations in fetal doppler and interruption of prenancy before week 32

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Photosensitivity induced by oral itraconazole.

A case of photosensitivity induced by itraconazole is reported. A 70-year-old woman had erythema, oedema and vesicles on sun-exposed areas after 5 days of itraconazole treatment for oral candidiasis. Oral photochallenge using itraconazole and sun irradiation was positive, but photopatch test was negative. Photosensitivity from azoles is an uncommon adverse effect. Only three other cases have been described, two induced by ketoconazole and one by itraconazole.

[Validation of the Spanish version of the diagnostic questionnaire of the Working Group on Atopic Dermatitis of the United Kingdom]. / Validación de la versión española del cuestionario diagnóstico del Grupo de Trabajo sobre la Dermatitis Atópica del Reino Unido.

BACKGROUND: Although there are several diagnostic questionnaires for atopic dermatitis (AD), they have not yet been validated or cannot be used in population studies. Our objective was to validate the questionnaire developed by United Kingdom Working Party's Diagnostic criteria for Atopic Dermatitis (UKWPDCAD). METHODS: Validation was developed in two steps: first, the questionnaire was adapted by means of translation and back-translation. Second, validation was conducted with 237 patients referred to the hospital with diagnoses unknown to the investigators. Patients were independently assessed by the investigators who were blinded to the questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 102 cases of AD were diagnosed among the 237 patients. The questionnaire showed a sensitivity of 76.5%, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 66.8%-84.1%. The specificity was 90.4% (CI = 83.8%-94.6%); the positive predictive value was 85.7% (CI = 76.4%-91.8%), and the negative predictive value 83.6% (CI = 76.3%-89%). CONCLUSIONS: The spanish version of the questionnaire has shown a high diagnostic accuracy, similar to the original written in english. We consider it a useful tool to be used in frequency studies of AD in large general populations.

Echinococcus granulosus: membrane permeability of secondary hydatid cysts to albendazole sulfoxide.

The objectives of the present study were, first, to establish a methodology for evaluation of the permeability in vitro of hydatid cysts to different drugs and, second, to compare the permeability to albendazole sulfoxide of cysts from untreated animals, cysts from animals treated with 50 mg/kg netobimin for 5 days, and cysts from animals treated with 50 mg/kg netobimin plus 1.1 mg/kg fenbendazole for 5 days. The drug flow follows the Fick law, i.e., the uptake occurs by simple diffusion. We calculated the permeability constant of the cyst membrane by taking into account the disappearance velocity constant, the cyst area, and the incubation solution volume. The permeability value obtained for albendazole sulfoxide was 8.06+/-2.30 x 10(-6) cm s(-1) in cysts from untreated animals, 5.56+/-2.53 x l0(-6) cm s(-1) in cysts from animals treated with netobimin, and 7.05+/-3.04 x 10(-6) cm s(-1) in cysts from animals treated with netobimin +/- fenbendazole. These permeability values show significant differences (P < 0.05).

In vivo inhibition of the regenerative capacity of hydatid material after treatment with netobimin.

The effect of netobimin and netobimin plus fenbendazole administration on secondary hydatid disease was studied. Secondary hydatid disease in gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) was produced by intraperitoneal inoculation of protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus. The experimental animals received doses of 20 and 50 mg/kg of netobimin or a mixture of netobimin and 1.7 mg/kg of fenbendazole. The results showed that after a single dose of netobimin at the studied concentrations, the cystic material transplanted into the mouse produced a significant recurrence of the disease, but the most remarkable finding was that the hydatid-cyst recurrence never took place when netobimin was given together with fenbendazole.

Verrucous carcinoma in association with hypertrophic lichen planus.

Neoplastic transformation of lichen planus is a rare event. However, squamous cell carcinoma may develop in 0.3%-3% of patients with the oral form of the disease. On the other hand, less than 30 cases arising in cutaneous lichen planus have been reported, and only four cases of verrucous carcinoma in association with either form, one with an oral lesion and three with cutaneous lesions (one hypertrophic and one ulcerative). This report describes the unusual progression of a hypertrophic lichen planus plaque of the right leg to a verrucous carcinoma in a 40-year-old woman.

[Fertility and viability study of ovine hydatid cysts]. / Estudio de la fertilidad y viabilidad de quistes hidatídicos ovinos.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this work is to analyze the fertility of the hydatid cysts from ovine, animal species of great epidemiological interest in the hydatid disease, and the ability of the gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) as model experimental for the study "in vivo" of this hidatyd disease as preliminary phase of therapeutic studies. METHODS: It has been carried out a study of the fertility and viability of hydatid cysts from lungs and livers of ovine from Castilla and Leon by examination and evaluation of parameters among these is the production of a secondary hydatid disease in laboratory animals. RESULTS: The total cystic index was 8.57 cysts by infested ovine (5.97 cysts by infested lung and 5.57 cysts by infested liver). The fertility percentage obtained in hydatid cysts from ovine with "in vitro" viables protoescoleces was 43.97% being 43.02% a pulmonary cysts and 46.16% in hepatic cysts. The viability of protoscoleces was demonstrated by production of a secondary hydatid disease in 100% of gerbils infested. CONCLUSIONS: It is emphasized the validity of the criteria used to study the viability "in vitro" of the protoescoleces from hydatid cysts of origin ovine. The secondary hydatid produced in gerbil leads us to consider them as experimental animal for investigation "in vivo" of hydatid disease of origin ovine.

Ultrastructural localization of lectin receptors in the preimplantation ovine embryo.

BACKGROUND: Preimplantation development of mammalia is characterized by cell surface changes functioning in intercellular communication and adhesion. The glycoconjugate role in cellular interactions has been analysed for several groups but not in sheep embryos. The binding patterns of eleven lectins during sheep preimplantation development were investigated and the role of glycoconjugates in early development was discussed. METHODS: Ultrathin sections from preimplantation ovine embryos (3-7 days) were incubated with different colloidal gold conjugated lectins and the frequency of gold particles on the cell membrane, some organelles, and the zona pellucida was evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We observed a higher staining of WGA, DBA, and SBA lectins in the intercellular contact zone with respect to the free cell surface of blastomeres during cleavage. This indicates that the N-acetyl galactosamine and N-acetyl glucosamine residues may be involved in sheep morula compaction. In contrast, the trophoblast cell displays an increase of staining of some lectins previously identified during cleavage (LcH, WGA, SBA, MPA, and PNA) on the free membrane, and a lack of sugar residues in the intercellular surface. This polarization of the trophoblast cell surface is not observed in the inner cell mass and could provide a mechanism for differentiation within the blastocyst. Intracytoplasmic vesicles show a cytochemical identity with lysosomes in the blastocyst (abundant GlcNAc and Man/Glc residues) that may reflect a functional relationship between both organelles in an intracellular cycle. The zona pellucida presents abundant GalNAc, GlcNAc, and Gal residues during preimplantation ovine development.