Manejo del paciente con fístula enteroatmosférica: plan de cuidados individualizado / Management of patients with enteroatmospheric fistula: an individualized plan of care

La fístula enteroatmosférica (FEA) es una comunicación no natu-ral entre el tracto gastrointestinal y la piel o la atmósfera. Sepresenta el caso clínico de un varón de 58 años con FEA y shockséptico secundario a peritonitis, con antecedentes de múltiplesintervenciones quirúrgicas por eventración abdominal recidivada,perforación intestinal y hernia epigástrica. A su llegada a laUnidad de referencia de abdomen catastrófico de Andalucía(España) se realizó valoración según patrones funcionales deMarjory Gordon y se advirtió: fallo intestinal tipo 2, sarcopenia,abdomen abierto con pérdida total de la pared abdominal, faltade conocimiento acerca de su problema de salud y dependenciasevera. Se diseñó un plan de cuidados según la taxonomía NAN-DA-NOC-NIC para los diagnósticos de “Deterioro de la integridadcutánea”, “Conocimientos deficientes” y “Déficit de autocuidadoen el baño/vestido/inodoro”. Se establecieron objetivos NOCenfocados a la “Integridad tisular”, “Cuidados de la ostomía” y“Autocuidado en baño/higiene/vestido/inodoro”. Se efectuó curade la herida con terapia de presión negativa con estoma flotantecon una prótesis personalizada de biomaterial impreso en 3D,Astarté. Al alta hospitalaria (trascurridos siete meses) todos losindicadores aumentaron notablemente su puntuación basal en3-4 puntos, concluyendo la gran efectividad de un plan de cuida-dos holístico realizado por un equipo interdisciplinar, junto a téc-nicas innovadoras y eficaces de cuidado de las FEA.(AU)

Enteroatmospheric fistula (EAF) is a non-natural communicationbetween the gastrointestinal tract and the skin or atmosphere.We present the clinical case of a 58-year-old male with EAF andseptic shock secondary to peritonitis, with a past history ofmultiple surgical interventions due to relapsed abdominaleventration, bowel perforation, and epigastric hernia. At his arrivalat the Catastrophic Abdomen Unit of Reference for Andalusia(Spain), there was assessment according to Marjory Gordon’sFunctional Health Patterns, and the following were noticed: Type2 bowel failure, sarcopenia, open abdomen with complete loss ofthe abdominal wall, lack of knowledge about his health problem,and severe dependence. A plan of care was designed accordingto the NANDA-NOC-NIC taxonomy for the diagnoses: “Impairedskin integrity”, “Deficient knowledge”, and “Self-care deficit forbathing/dressing/toileting”. NOC objectives were determinedfocused on: “Tissue integrity”, “Ostomy care”, and “Self-care inbathing/hygiene/dressing/toileting”. The wound was curedthrough negative pressure therapy with floating stoma with apersonalized 3D-printed biomaterial prosthesis (Astarté). Athospital discharge (after seven months), all indicators hadsignificantly increased their basal score by 3-4 points; theconclusion was that a holistic plan of care conducted by aninterdisciplinary team and implemented alongside innovative andeffective techniques for EAF care was highly effective.(AU)

Nutritional and Educational Intervention to Recover a Healthy Eating Pattern Reducing Clinical Ileostomy-Related Complications.

The aim of this study was to evaluate a diet intervention implemented by our hospital in order to determinate its capacity to improve the eating pattern of patients with an ileostomy, facilitating the implementation new eating-related behaviors, reducing doubt and dissatisfaction and other complications. The study was conducted with a quasi-experimental design in a tertiary level hospital. The elaboration and implementation of a nutritional intervention consisting of a Mediterranean-diet-based set of menus duly modified that was reinforced by specific counseling at the reintroduction of oral diet, hospital discharge and first follow-up appointment. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. The protocol was approved by the competent Ethics Committee. The patients of the intervention group considered that the diet facilitated eating five or more meals a day and diminished doubt and concerns related to eating pattern. Most patients (86%) had a favorable experience regarding weight recovery and a significant reduction of all-cause readmissions and readmission with dehydration (p = 0.015 and p < 0.001, respectively). The intervention helped an effective self-management of eating pattern by patients who had a physical improvement related to hydration status, which, together with an improvement in weight regain, decreased the probability of readmissions.