Breakfast quality and its relationship to the prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents in Guadalajara (Spain).

INTRODUCTION: Many young people today skip the first meal of the day in order to lose weight. OBJECTIVE: To study the impact of breakfast quality and skipping breakfast on the BMI and on the prevalence of overweight and obesity. METHOD: A nutritional study was carried out on a population of 467 secondary school students (12-17 years of age) in Guadalajara, Spain based on seven-day food journal and food frequency questionnaires. Sociodemographic data were also collected. Anthropometric measurements of weight and adiposity (BMI, percentage body fat) were also taken. RESULTS: Boys aged 15-17 ate the highest proportion of full breakfasts (18.18%), compared with 4.34% for girls the same age. Inverse relationships were recorded between breakfast energy intake and the BMI (-0.1132) and between the BMI and calcium, fibre, dairy product, and cereal intake. There was practically no correlation between protein intake and the BMI. Subjects who did not eat dairy products and those who ate cooked breakfasts had the highest BMIs. CONCLUSIONS: Skipping breakfast was not an effective way to lose weight, and weight was inversely related to breakfast quality.

Breakfast quality and its relationship to the prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents in Guadalajara (Spain) / Calidad del desayuno en adolescentes de Guadalajara (España) y su relación con la prevalencia del sobrepeso y obesidad

Introduction: Many young people today skip the first meal of the day in order to lose weight. Objective: To study the impact of breakfast quality and skipping breakfast on the BMI and on the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Method: A nutritional study was carried out on a population of 467 secondary school students (12-17 years of age) in Guadalajara, Spain based on seven-day food journal and food frequency questionnaires. Sociodemographic data were also collected. Anthropometric measurements of weight and adiposity (BMI, percentage body fat) were also taken. Results: Boys aged 15-17 ate the highest proportion of full breakfasts (18.18 %), compared with 4.34 % for girls the same age. Inverse relationships were recorded between breakfast energy intake and the BMI (-0.1132) and between the BMI and calcium, fibre, dairy product, and cereal intake. There was practically no correlation between protein intake and the BMI. Subjects who did not eat dairy products and those who ate cooked breakfasts had the highest BMIs. Conclusions: Skipping breakfast was not an effective way to lose weight, and weight was inversely related to breakfast quality (AU)

Introducción: En la actualidad, una parte importante de la población juvenil española opta por omitir el desayuno en su dieta de adelgazamiento. Objetivo: Estudiar el impacto de la calidad de desayuno y de su omisión en el índice de masa corporal y en la prevalencia del sobrepeso y la obesidad. Método: Se llevó a cabo, en una población de 467 adolescentes (12-17 años de edad) en Guadalajara, España, un estudio nutricional basado en encuestas de diarios dietéticos y en cuestionarios de frecuencia de alimentos de siete días. También se recogieron datos sociodemográficas. Asimismo fueron determinados parámetros antropométricos relacionados con el peso y la adiposidad (IMC y el porcentaje de grasa corporal). Resultados: Los chicos de 15 a 17 años de edad fueron los que ingirieron la proporción más alta de desayunos completos (18,18%), en comparación con una menor proporción (4,34%) en las chicas de la misma edad. Relaciones inversas se registraron entre la ingesta de energía de desayuno y el índice de masa corporal (-0,1132) y entre el índice de masa corporal y calcio, fibra, productos lácteos y la ingesta de cereales. No hubo prácticamente ninguna correlación entre las proteínas y el índice de masa corporal. Sujetos que no tomaron productos lácteos o que tomaron desayunos cocinados tuvieron los IMC más altos. Conclusiones: La omisión del desayuno no es una manera eficaz para perder peso, ya que el peso está inversamente relacionado con calidad de desayuno (AU)

[Quality of the diet of a population of young people of Guadalajara]. / Calidad de la dieta de una población de jóvenes de Guadalajara.

INTRODUCTION: The population of Guadalajara traditionally has consumed a Mediterranean diet with the typical variations of the central zone of the peninsula, but the acquisition of erroneous habits of life they can be translated, specially in the young people, in a not healthful nourishing conducts. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of the diet, by means of an index of healthy nourishment (IAS) and percentage of adhesion to the Mediterranean diet (% ADM), of a teen population (n = 467) and their relation with different physiological parameters and sociodemográficos. METHOD: A nutritional study has been realized on the quality of the diet in a teen population of Guadalajara of 467 young people (12-17 years) by means of questionnaires of frequency of consumption of seven days. Likewise, there has determined the ingestion of nutrients and the index of healthy nourishment (IAS) using the program of nutrition DIAL(c). RESULTS: The results show that the average of the population takes a diet with an acceptable IAS (62.78), though with trend towards low qualities, with high ingestions of saturated fats (38.90 +/- 6.58 g), cholesterol (384.69 +/- 74.24 mg) and sodium (3,395.43 +/-729.57 mg). Respect to % MDA there has been obtained an average value of 42.86 +/- 15.52%. These values differ depending on the age (improves with the age), the sex (better quality of the diet consumed by the girls). Likewise, all the factors sociodemográficos and the way of life considered, they influence the quality indicators used.

Calidad de la dieta de una población de jóvenes de Guadalajara / Quality of the diet of a population of young people of Guadalajara

Introducción: La población de Guadalajara tradicionalmente ha ingerido una dieta mediterránea con las variaciones típicas de la zona central de la península, esta dieta ha variado en los últimos años. La adquisición de hábitos de vida erróneos se pueden traducir, especialmente en los jóvenes, en unas conductas alimentarias no saludables. Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de la dieta, mediante el índice de alimentación saludable (IAS) y el porcentaje de adhesión a la dieta mediterránea (% ADM), de una población adolescente (n = 467) y su relación con diferentes parámetros fisiológicos y sociodemográficos. Método: Se ha realizado un estudio nutricional sobre la calidad de la dieta en una población adolescente de Guadalajara de 467 jóvenes (12-17 años) mediante cuestionarios de frecuencia de consumo de siete días y socioeconómicos. Así mismo, se ha determinado la ingesta de nutrientes y el índice de alimentación saludable (IAS) utilizando el programa de nutrición DIAL©. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que la media de la población toma una dieta con un IAS aceptable (62,78), si bien con tendencia hacia calidades inferiores, con altas ingestas de grasas saturadas (38,90 ± 6,58 g), colesterol (384,69 ± 74,24 mg) y sodio (3395,43 ± 729,57 mg). Respecto al % ADM se ha obtenido un valor medio de 42,86 ± 15,52%. Estos valores difieren en función de la edad (mejora con la edad), el sexo (mejor calidad de la dieta ingerida por las chicas). Asimismo, todos los factores sociodemográficos y de estilo de vida considerados, influyen sobre los indicadores de calidad empleados (AU)

Introduction: The population of Guadalajara traditionally has consumed a Mediterranean diet with the typical variations of the central zone of the peninsula, but the acquisition of erroneous habits of life they can be translated, specially in the young people, in a not healthful nourishing conducts. Objective: To evaluate the quality of the diet, by means of an index of healthy nourishment (IAS) and percentage of adhesion to the Mediterranean diet (% ADM), of a teen population (n = 467) and their relation with different physiological parameters and sociodemográficos. Method: A nutritional study has been realized on the quality of the diet in a teen population of Guadalajara of 467 young people (12-17 years) by means of questionnaires of frequency of consumption of seven days. Likewise, there has determined the ingestion of nutrients and the index of healthy nourishment (IAS) using the program of nutrition DIAL©. Results: The results show that the average of the population takes a diet with an acceptable IAS (62.78), though with trend towards low qualities, with high ingestions of saturated fats (38.90 ± 6.58 g), cholesterol (384.69 ± 74.24 mg) and sodium (3,395.43 ±729.57 mg). Respect to % MDA there has been obtained an average value of 42.86 ± 15.52%. These values differ depending on the age (improves with the age), the sex (better quality of the diet consumed by the girls). Likewise, all the factors sociodemográficos and the way of life considered, they influence the quality indicators used (AU)

Relación entre la calidad del desayuno y el rendimiento académico en adolescentes de Guadalajara (Castilla-La Mancha) / Relation between the breakfast quality and the academic performance in adolescents of Guadalajara (Castilla- La Mancha)

Objetivo: Estudiar la relación existente entre la calidad del desayuno y de su omisión sobre el rendimiento académico de un colectivo de adolescentes. Método: Se ha realizado un estudio nutricional sobre la calidad del desayuno de una población adolescente de Guadalajara de 467 jóvenes (12-17 años) mediante cuestionarios de frecuencia de consumo de siete días. Asimismo, se han recogido datos sociodemográficos y calificaciones académicas de dichos jóvenes. Resultados: La mayoría de los alumnos encuestados consume un desayuno deficiente ya que tan sólo un 4,88%toma un desayuno completo. Las chicas de 15-17 años son las que toman un desayuno de inferior calidad ya que un 8,33% de estas alumnas omiten el desayuno. Un 68,29%ingieren desayunos de calidad mejorable. Esta calidad del desayuno está directamente relacionada con la calificación media obtenida durante el curso 2003-04. Relación que no es tan clara cuando se consideran seis asignaturas obligatorias en las distintas orientaciones académicas ya que depende del tipo de asignatura (comprensión, memoria, concentración, actividad física…).Conclusiones: La población estudiada consume un desayuno poco adecuado lo que puede afectar a sus resultados académicos, especialmente de algunas asignaturas

Objective: To study the relationship between the breakfast quality and skipping it on academic performance of a population of adolescents. Method: A nutritional study on the breakfast quality has been performed in a population of adolescents from Guadalajara (467 young people; age: 12-17 years) by means of questionnaires of seven-day consumption frequency. Besides, we have collected socio-demographic data and academic scores of these people. Results: Most of the students interviewed take a deficient breakfast since only 4.88% have a complete breakfast. The girls aged 15-17 years are those taking the poorest quality breakfast since 8.33% of them skip this meal. 68.29% take breakfasts which quality may be improved. The breakfast quality is directly related with the mean score obtained during the course 2003-04. This relationship is not so clear-cut when the different mandatory subjects in the different academic orientations are considered since it depends on the type of subject (comprehension, memory, concentration, physical activity…).Conclusions: The population studied consumes a poor breakfast, which may affect the academic outcomes, especially those for certain subjects

[Relation between the breakfast quality and the academic performance in adolescents of Guadalajara (Castilla-La Mancha)]. / Relación entre la calidad del desayuno y el rendimiento académico en adolescentes de Guadalajara (Castilla-La Mancha).

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between the breakfast quality and skipping it on academic performance of a population of adolescents. METHOD: A nutritional study on the breakfast quality has been performed in a population of adolescents from Guadalajara (467 young people; age: 12-17 years) by means of questionnaires of seven-day consumption frequency. Besides, we have collected socio-demographic data and academic scores of these people. RESULTS: Most of the students interviewed take a deficient breakfast since only 4.88% have a complete breakfast. The girls aged 15-17 years are those taking the poorest quality breakfast since 8.33% of them skip this meal. 68.29% take breakfasts which quality may be improved. The breakfast quality is directly related with the mean score obtained during the course 2003-04. This relationship is not so clear-cut when the different mandatory subjects in the different academic orientations are considered since it depends on the type of subject (comprehension, memory, concentration, physical activity...). CONCLUSIONS: The population studied consumes a poor breakfast, which may affect the academic outcomes, especially those for certain subjects.

Use of specific surface areas in inverse gas chromatography studies at zero surface coverage.

Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) is frequently used to study adsorption processes at zero surface coverage on microporous activated carbons. This allows to determine the thermodynamic adsorption parameters as equilibrium constants, V(S), standard enthalpies of adsorption, Delta HA degrees, standard free energy of adsorption, Delta GA degrees, and so on. Nevertheless, the surface areas of the adsorbents (microporous carbons in this case) are needed for this purpose. The experimental determination of the surface areas of microporous solids is not univocal and the results depend on the adsorbate employed in the measurements, usually N2 or CO2. This means that the thermodynamic parameters obtained by IGC are subjected to a degree of uncertainty depending on whether N2 or CO2 is used to determine the surface area values. The aim of this paper is to discuss which of the two surface area values is more appropriate to be used in IGC measurements at zero surface coverage. Experimental and theoretical considerations are supplied in a thorough discussion which supports that CO2 surface area value is more appropriate. Thus, it is proposed that this should be used instead of the more generally extended nitrogen specific surface area obtained by the BET equation.

Ingesta de nutrientes en una población juvenil. Prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad / No disponible

Fundamentos: Los cambios en los hábitos alimentarios y en fas costumbres sociales de los jóvenes conllevan cambios corporales con una mayor prevalencia de sobrepeso y de obesidad. Métodos: Se ha realizado un estudio de la inglesita de nutrientes sobre una población de 46716yenes (12-17 años) de La ciudad de Guadatajara (Castilla-La Mancha) mediante un registro dietético de siete días. Asimismo se han recogido datos fisiológicos y socioeconómicos de la población estudiada. Resultados: La dieta de esta población es desequilibrada, con un alto consumo medio de /Oídos, fundamentalmente saturados, y de pro-teínas animales y un ligero déficit de fibra y de grasas in saturadas. Se han detectado diferencias en función de fa edad y del sexo. La ingesta media de calorías coincide con las recomen-dadas, a pesar de ello, hay una prevalencia de sobrepeso de 14,81% en los jóvenes de 12-14 años (23,08% de los hombres y del 7:14% de las mu}eres) y de 15,15% en los de 15-17 años (40% de los hombres y e/ 4135% de las mujeres). Debido a la falta de correlación entre fainesta de energía y/o de grasas y e/ compartimento graso, se ha comprobado la incidencia de diferentes hábitos de vida y factores socioeconómicos. Realizar actividad física diferente a las ciases de gimnasia en e/ instituto, e/ grupo socia/ o e/ comer en familia están asociados a menores tasas de prevalencia de sobrepeso. Ninguno de los estudiantes considerados presentaba obesidad (AU)

Objective: The changes in the eating habits and the social customs of the children and adolescents entail corpora/ changes with a greater prevalence of overweight and obesity. Methods: A study of the intake of nutrients of an adolescent population (12-17 years, n=467) of the city of Guadalajara has been carried out (Castilla-La Mancha) by means of dietary questionnaire of seven days. Also a global questionnaire incorporating questions related to physio-logical and socio-economic status has been utilised. Results: The diet of this population is unbalanced, with a high lipid mean consumption, fundamentally saturated, and of proteins animals and a unsaturated fat and a small fiber deficit. Differences based on the age and of sex have been detected. The average intake of ca-lories agrees with the recommended ones, in spite of it, is a prevalence of overweight of 14.81% in the 12-14 young people year (23.08% of the men and 7. 14% of the women) and of 15.15% in those of 15-17 years (40% of the men and 4.35% of the women). Due to the lack of correlation between the fat and/or energy ingestion and the fat compartment, has verified the incidence of different habits from life and socioeconomic factors. The physical activity, the social group or eating in family they are associate to smaller rates of prevalence of overweight. None of the students considered it presented/displayed obesity (AU)

Patrones de resistencia al staphylococcus aureus en los niños

Conocer la incidencia y los patrones de resistencia de los Staphylococcus aureos en pacientes ingresados en nuestros servicios hospitalarios. Diseño: Estudio transversal descriptivo. Método: Mediante el estudio de 89 cepas de staphylococcus aureus aisladas de diferentes muestras, se estudio la susceptibilidad microbiana por el método de disfusión Kirby Bauer: el análisis estadístico se efectuó la prueba de Choi cuadrado. Resultados: Se observaron patrones de resistencia altos para ampicillina (79,5 por ciento y 04,4 por ciento)en ambos semestres del año respectivamente. Oxacillina 6,2 por ciento. Los porcentajes para este antimicrobiano resultaron bajos, comparados con otros estudios revisados. Se encontraron cepas multiresistentes que se incrementaron en el primer semestre a 81,8 por ciento. Conclusiones: La sepsis por Staphylococcus aureus tuvo alta frecuencia. La ampicillaina resultó ser efectiva "in vitro"; la oxacillina en nuestro medio (penincilinas betalactámicas) resultó efectiva. Por la aparición de cepas multiresistentes, debemos incrementar la vigilancia sobre el cumplimiento riguroso de la política de uso racional de los antibióticos