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1.
Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol ; 51 Suppl 1: 27-33, 2016 Jun.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27719969

RESUMO

Brain ageing leads to a series of changes that reduce the processes of adaptation and response. These transformations can end in cognitive impairment and/or dementia. Although the cause of these changes is diverse, inflammation and oxidative stress explain some of the pathophysiological mechanisms of these anomalies of brain functioning. Neuroinflammation triggers neuronal injury through the presence of inflammatory cytokines and the activation of microglia through membrane receptors and nuclear activation factors. This neuroinflammatory phenomenon also affects neuron plasticity, altering the genesis and maintenance of long-term potentiation, leading to impairment of hippocampus-dependent memory. Oxidative stress and the production of free oxygen radicals also cause toxic effects in aged brains, largely due to lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. The identification of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of these events could shed new light on possible therapeutic targets and offer strategies for the prevention of diseases related to brain ageing, cognitive impairment and dementia.


Assuntos
Envelhecimento , Transtornos Cognitivos/fisiopatologia , Demência/fisiopatologia , Inflamação , Estresse Oxidativo , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Hipocampo , Humanos , Microglia
2.
Rev. esp. geriatr. gerontol. (Ed. impr.) ; 51(extr.1): 27-33, jun. 2016. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-156774

RESUMO

En el envejecimiento cerebral ocurren una serie de cambios que conllevan la disminución de los procesos de adaptación y respuesta. Estas transformaciones pueden finalizar en el padecimiento de deterioro cognitivo y/o demencia. Aunque el origen de estas modificaciones es diverso, la inflamación y el estrés oxidativo explican parte de los mecanismos fisiopatológicos de dichas anomalías del funcionamiento cerebral. La neuroinflamación desencadena daño a nivel neuronal mediante la presencia de citocinas inflamatorias y la activación de la microglía, a través de receptores de membrana y factores de activación nuclear. Este fenómeno neuroinflamatorio también afecta la plasticidad neuronal, alterando la génesis y el mantenimiento de la potenciación a largo plazo ocasionando deterioro en la memoria dependiente del hipocampo. El estrés oxidativo y la producción de radicales libres de oxígeno, también originan efectos tóxicos en los cerebros envejecidos, en gran parte debido a la peroxidación lipídica y daños en el ADN. La identificación de los mecanismos moleculares implicados en la patogénesis de estos sucesos puede arrojar nueva luz sobre posibles dianas terapéuticas y ofrecer estrategias para la prevención de las patologías relacionadas con el envejecimiento cerebral, el deterioro cognitivo y la demencia (AU)


Brain ageing leads to a series of changes that reduce the processes of adaptation and response. These transformations can end in cognitive impairment and/or dementia. Although the cause of these changes is diverse, inflammation and oxidative stress explain some of the pathophysiological mechanisms of these anomalies of brain functioning. Neuroinflammation triggers neuronal injury through the presence of inflammatory cytokines and the activation of microglia through membrane receptors and nuclear activation factors. This neuroinflammatory phenomenon also affects neuron plasticity, altering the genesis and maintenance of long-term potentiation, leading to impairment of hippocampus-dependent memory. Oxidative stress and the production of free oxygen radicals also cause toxic effects in aged brains, largely due to lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. The identification of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of these events could shed new light on possible therapeutic targets and offer strategies for the prevention of diseases related to brain ageing, cognitive impairment and dementia (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/métodos , Inflamação/complicações , Inflamação/diagnóstico , Mediadores da Inflamação/análise , Mediadores da Inflamação/isolamento & purificação , Mediadores da Inflamação/uso terapêutico , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/uso terapêutico , Envelhecimento Cognitivo/fisiologia , Envelhecimento Cognitivo/psicologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/complicações , Transtornos Cognitivos/diagnóstico , Transtornos Cognitivos/terapia
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