Evolution of nutritional status and associated factors among formula-fed infants with cow's milk protein allergy in a government program.

BACKGROUND: Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is a common allergy in infants and can affect proper growth and development. This study verified factors associated with the evolution of the nutritional status (NS) among infants with CMPA fed with hypoallergenic formulas (HF). METHODS: This is a longitudinal study of infants (n = 1036) participating on a governmental program in Brazil. Researchers assessed Nutritional status before HF treatment (T1) and after HF treatment (T2). The causality of exposure variables on the evolution of NS was verified by Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR). RESULTS: We observed an increase in anthropometric indexes analyzed with statistically significant results (p < 0.01). The weight/age and height/age scores showed a significant reduction in infants with nutritional deficit. The Body Mass Index (BMI) showed a decrease in the number of infants with nutritional deficit (< -2 z-score). On the other hand, there was an increase in those classified as at risk of overweight, overweight and obese. MLR showed that those who remained < 12 months in the program had a lower odds ratio (95% CI = 0.355-0.906; p = 0.018) to have inadequate NS with increasing BMI. Preterm infants were 4 times more likely (CI 95% = 1.520-10.694; p = 0.005) to have their BMI decreased and those who received nutritional counseling had a lower odds ratio (CI 95% = 0.411-0.953; p = 0.029) to maintain adequate NS. CONCLUSION: The program has a significant impact on the NS of infants with CMPA. The constant management and implementation of differentiated criteria according to the evolution of NS for the supply of HF is fundamental in the continuity of this public policy.

Factors associated with arterial stiffness in children aged 9-10 years.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the factors associated with stiffness of the great arteries in prepubertal children. METHODS: This study with convenience sample of 231 schoolchildren aged 9-10 years enrolled in public and private schools in Vitória, ES, Southeastern Brazil, in 2010-2011. Anthropometric and hemodynamic data, blood pressure, and pulse wave velocity in the carotid-femoral segment were obtained. Data on current and previous health conditions were obtained by questionnaire and notes on the child's health card. Multiple linear regression was applied to identify the partial and total contribution of the factors in determining the pulse wave velocity values. RESULTS: Among the students, 50.2% were female and 55.4% were 10 years old. Among those classified in the last tertile of pulse wave velocity, 60.0% were overweight, with higher mean blood pressure, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio. Birth weight was not associated with pulse wave velocity. After multiple linear regression analysis, body mass index (BMI) and diastolic blood pressure remained in the model. CONCLUSIONS: BMI was the most important factor in determining arterial stiffness in children aged 9-10 years.

Factors associated with arterial stiffness in children aged 9-10 years / Fatores associados ao aumento da rigidez arterial em crianças de 9 e 10 anos

OBJECTIVE To analyze the factors associated with stiffness of the great arteries in prepubertal children.METHODS This study with convenience sample of 231 schoolchildren aged 9-10 years enrolled in public and private schools in Vitória, ES, Southeastern Brazil, in 2010-2011. Anthropometric and hemodynamic data, blood pressure, and pulse wave velocity in the carotid-femoral segment were obtained. Data on current and previous health conditions were obtained by questionnaire and notes on the child's health card. Multiple linear regression was applied to identify the partial and total contribution of the factors in determining the pulse wave velocity values.RESULTS Among the students, 50.2% were female and 55.4% were 10 years old. Among those classified in the last tertile of pulse wave velocity, 60.0% were overweight, with higher mean blood pressure, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio. Birth weight was not associated with pulse wave velocity. After multiple linear regression analysis, body mass index (BMI) and diastolic blood pressure remained in the model.CONCLUSIONS BMI was the most important factor in determining arterial stiffness in children aged 9-10 years.

OBJETIVO Analisar fatores associados à rigidez arterial dos grandes vasos arteriais em crianças pré-púberes.MÉTODOS Estudo com amostra de conveniência de 231 escolares de nove e 10 anos de idade matriculados em instituições públicas e privadas de Vitória, ES, 2010-2011. Foram obtidos dados antropométricos e hemodinâmicos, pressão arterial e velocidade de onda de pulso no segmento carotídeo-femoral. Dados sobre condições de saúde atuais e pregressas das crianças foram obtidas por meio de questionário e anotações no cartão de saúde da criança. Foi aplicada regressão linear múltipla para identificar a contribuição parcial e total dos fatores na determinação dos valores da velocidade de onda de pulso.RESULTADOS Dentre os escolares, 50,2% eram meninas e 55,4% tinham 10 anos de idade. Entre as classificadas no último tercil de velocidade de onda de pulso, 60,0% apresentavam excesso de peso, maiores médias de pressão arterial, circunferência da cintura e relação cintura/estatura. O peso ao nascer não foi associado à velocidade de onda de pulso. Após análise de regressão linear múltipla, permaneceram no modelo as variáveis índice de massa corporal e pressão arterial diastólica.CONCLUSÕES Excesso de peso foi o mais importante fator na determinação da rigidez arterial de crianças.