Suicide in young Brazilian adults: 1997-2019 time series. / Suicídio em adultos jovens brasileiros: série temporal de 1997 a 2019.

This study aimed to analyze the time series of suicide mortality in Brazilian young adults between 1997 and 2019. This is an ecological study on time series with individuals aged 20 to 29 years. The Prais-Winsten regression was used for trend analysis. The mean suicide coefficient in young Brazilians was 6.36/100 thousand inhabitants in the period, showing increasing overall, females, and male trends. Regarding marital status, there was a higher proportion of suicide among single people (79.02%). As for the Brazilian regions, the South presented the highest mean mortality coefficient (9.18/100 thousand inhabitants), and the Northeast, North, and Southeast regions showed an increasing trend. Most deaths occured at home (54.93%), and there was an increasing trend both at home, at health establishments, and other places. We conclude that the suicide trend in Brazilian young adults was increasing in the period, with more significant proportions among single people. Brazilian regions showed different trends, and households, health facilities, and other locations followed an increasing trend toward suicide deaths in young adults.

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a série temporal da mortalidade por suicídio em adultos jovens brasileiros entre os anos de 1997 e 2019. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, de séries temporais com indivíduos de 20 a 29 anos. Para a análise de tendência foi utilizada a regressão de Prais-Winsten. No período, o coeficiente médio de suicídio em jovens brasileiros foi de 6,36/100 mil habitantes, apresentando tendência crescente, tanto o geral, quanto no sexo feminino e masculino. Em relação ao estado civil, houve maior proporção de suicídio entre solteiros (79,02%). Quanto as regiões brasileiras, a Sul apresentou o maior coeficiente médio de mortalidade (9,18/100 mil habitantes), e as regiões Nordeste, Norte e Sudeste mostraram tendência crescente. A maioria dos óbitos ocorreram no domicílio (54,93%) e houve tendência crescente tanto no domicílio, como os estabelecimentos de saúde e outros locais. Conclui-se que a tendência do suicídio em adultos jovens brasileiros foi crescente no período, com maiores proporções entre os solteiros. As regiões brasileiras apresentaram diferentes tendências, e o domicílio, estabelecimentos de saúde e outros locais seguiram uma tendência crescente para as mortes por suicídio em adultos jovens.

Suicídio em adultos jovens brasileiros: série temporal de 1997 a 2019 / Suicide in young Brazilian adults: 1997-2019 time series

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a série temporal da mortalidade por suicídio em adultos jovens brasileiros entre os anos de 1997 e 2019. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, de séries temporais com indivíduos de 20 a 29 anos. Para a análise de tendência foi utilizada a regressão de Prais-Winsten. No período, o coeficiente médio de suicídio em jovens brasileiros foi de 6,36/100 mil habitantes, apresentando tendência crescente, tanto o geral, quanto no sexo feminino e masculino. Em relação ao estado civil, houve maior proporção de suicídio entre solteiros (79,02%). Quanto as regiões brasileiras, a Sul apresentou o maior coeficiente médio de mortalidade (9,18/100 mil habitantes), e as regiões Nordeste, Norte e Sudeste mostraram tendência crescente. A maioria dos óbitos ocorreram no domicílio (54,93%) e houve tendência crescente tanto no domicílio, como os estabelecimentos de saúde e outros locais. Conclui-se que a tendência do suicídio em adultos jovens brasileiros foi crescente no período, com maiores proporções entre os solteiros. As regiões brasileiras apresentaram diferentes tendências, e o domicílio, estabelecimentos de saúde e outros locais seguiram uma tendência crescente para as mortes por suicídio em adultos jovens.

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the time series of suicide mortality in Brazilian young adults between 1997 and 2019. This is an ecological study on time series with individuals aged 20 to 29 years. The Prais-Winsten regression was used for trend analysis. The mean suicide coefficient in young Brazilians was 6.36/100 thousand inhabitants in the period, showing increasing overall, females, and male trends. Regarding marital status, there was a higher proportion of suicide among single people (79.02%). As for the Brazilian regions, the South presented the highest mean mortality coefficient (9.18/100 thousand inhabitants), and the Northeast, North, and Southeast regions showed an increasing trend. Most deaths occured at home (54.93%), and there was an increasing trend both at home, at health establishments, and other places. We conclude that the suicide trend in Brazilian young adults was increasing in the period, with more significant proportions among single people. Brazilian regions showed different trends, and households, health facilities, and other locations followed an increasing trend toward suicide deaths in young adults.

Prefrontal gray matter volume in adults bipolar I outpatients is associated with history of suicide attempts?

ABSTRACT Background: Patients with Bipolar Disorder (BD) have the highest lifetime risk for suicidal behavior (SB) compared to other psychiatric disorders. Neuroimaging research provides evidence of some structural and functional abnormalities in the brain of BD suicide attempters (SA), but interpretation of these findings may represent a number of features. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the volume of the prefrontal cortex in euthymic BD type I outpatients, with and without history of SA. Methods: 36 euthymic BD I outpatients (18 with and 18 without suicide attempt history) were underwent structural MRI and total and regional gray matter volumes were assessed and compared with 22 healthy controls (HC). Results: We did not found any differences in all areas between suicidal and non-suicidal BD I patients and BD patients as a group compared to HC as well. Discussion: our findings suggest that can be a different subgroups of patients in relation to prefrontal cortex volumes according to some clinical and socio-demographic caractheristics, such as number of previous episodes and continuous use of medical psychotropic drugs that may induce neuroplasticity phenomena, which restore cerebral volume and possibly can lead to long-term euthymia state.

Suicide trend among Brazilian adolescents between 1997 and 2016. / Tendência de suicídio em adolescentes brasileiros entre 1997 e 2016.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the suicide mortality trend among Brazilian adolescents from 1997 to 2016. METHODS: This is an ecological time series study; Prais-Winsten regression was used. RESULTS: 14,852 suicide deaths were recorded, with mortality rates per 100,000 inhabitants of 1.95 in 1997, 2.65 in 2016 and average of 2.14 for the period 1997-2016; deaths predominated in males (67.59%), as well as deaths due to intentional self-harm (84.19%) and suicides at home (52.69%); the Midwest region had the highest rate in the period (3.71/100,000 inhabitants), in particular the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (8.3/100,000 inhabitants); the suicide trend rose 1.35% per annum in the general adolescent population (95%CI 0.56;2.15), 1.63% in males (95%CI 0.56;2.29), 3.11% in the North (95%CI 2.25;3.98) and 4.19% in the Northeast (95%CI 2.58;5.84). CONCLUSION: Suicide mortality in Brazilian adolescents showed an upward trend in the period studied.

Oxytocin and bone quality in the femoral neck of rats in periestropause.

The objective of this study is to identify whether oxytocin (OT) contributes to the reduction of osteopenia in the femoral neck of rats in periestropause. Animals in irregular estrous cycles received two NaCl injections (0.15 mol/L) or OT (134 µg/kg) over a 12-h interval, and after thirty-five days without treatments, the biological sample collection was performed. The oxytocin group (Ot) demonstrated the highest enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.0138), lowest enzymatic activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (p = 0.0045), higher percentage of compact bone (p = 0.0359), cortical expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (p = 0.0101), osterix (p = 0.0101), bone morphogenetic protein-2/4 (p = 0.0101) and periostin (p = 0.0455). Furthermore, the mineral-to-matrix ratio (ν1PO4/Proline) was higher and type-B carbonate substitution (CO3/ν1PO4) was lower (p = 0.0008 and 0.0303) in Ot group. The Ot showed higher areal bone mineral density (p = 0.0050), cortical bone area (p = 0.0416), polar moment of inertia, maximum, minimum (p = 0.0480, 0.0480, 0.0035), bone volume fraction (p = 0.0166), connectivity density (p < 0.0001), maximal load (p = 0.0003) and bone stiffness (p = 0.0145). In Ot percentage of cortical pores (p = 0.0102) and trabecular number (p = 0.0088) was lower. The results evidence action of OT in the reduction of osteopenia, suggesting that it is a promising anabolic strategy for the prevention of primary osteoporosis during the periestropause period.

Regular dental care in preschoolers in rural Southern Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if factors related to the mother's previous guidance on her children's dental health and the school attendance of children influence the regular dental care of preschoolers living in the rural area of a municipality in Southern Brazil. METHODS: A population-based study was conducted with 264 children under five years of age and their mothers. Socioeconomic and behavioral data were collected using a questionnaire, and the children were subjected to dental health tests. The outcome was the regular use of dental services. The main exposure variables were children's care in daycare centers or schools and maternal guidance on the child's dental health. Poisson regression analysis with robust variance adjustment was used to estimate prevalence ratios, considering a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: The prevalence of regular use was 11.4% (95%CI 7.5-15.2). In the adjusted analysis, the regular use of services was associated with the child attending day care center/school (PR = 2.44; 95%CI 1.38-4.34), and the mother received dental health guidance (PR = 4.13; 95%CI 1.77-9.61), even with control for socioeconomic, maternal and child variables. CONCLUSION: When mothers receive previous information on child dental health care and children attend schools or daycare centers, the likelihood of regular dental appointments in preschoolers living in rural locations increases.

Regular dental care in preschoolers in rural Southern Brazil / Atendimento odontológico regular em pré-escolares da área rural do Sul do Brasil

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate if factors related to the mother's previous guidance on her children's dental health and the school attendance of children influence the regular dental care of preschoolers living in the rural area of a municipality in Southern Brazil. METHODS A population-based study was conducted with 264 children under five years of age and their mothers. Socioeconomic and behavioral data were collected using a questionnaire, and the children were subjected to dental health tests. The outcome was the regular use of dental services. The main exposure variables were children's care in daycare centers or schools and maternal guidance on the child's dental health. Poisson regression analysis with robust variance adjustment was used to estimate prevalence ratios, considering a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS The prevalence of regular use was 11.4% (95%CI 7.5-15.2). In the adjusted analysis, the regular use of services was associated with the child attending day care center/school (PR = 2.44; 95%CI 1.38-4.34), and the mother received dental health guidance (PR = 4.13; 95%CI 1.77-9.61), even with control for socioeconomic, maternal and child variables. CONCLUSION When mothers receive previous information on child dental health care and children attend schools or daycare centers, the likelihood of regular dental appointments in preschoolers living in rural locations increases.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar se fatores relacionados à orientação prévia da mãe sobre saúde bucal dos seus filhos e a frequência escolar das crianças influenciam o atendimento odontológico regular de pré-escolares moradores da área rural de um município do Sul do Brasil. MÉTODOS Um estudo de base populacional foi conduzido com 264 crianças menores de cinco anos e suas mães. Dados socioeconômicos e comportamentais foram coletados por meio de questionário e as crianças foram submetidas a exames de saúde bucal. O desfecho foi o uso regular de serviços odontológicos. As variáveis de exposição principais foram o atendimento infantil em creches ou escolas e orientação materna sobre a saúde bucal da criança. A análise de regressão de Poisson com ajuste robusto de variância foi utilizada para estimar as razões de prevalência e intervalos de confiança de 95%. RESULTADOS A prevalência de uso regular foi 11,4% (IC95% 7,5-15,2). Na análise ajustada o uso regular de serviços foi associado à criança frequentar creche/escola (RP = 2,44; IC95% 1,38-4,34) e a mãe ter recebido orientação de saúde bucal (RP = 4,13; IC95% 1,77-9,61), mesmo com controle para variáveis socioeconômicas, maternas e da criança. CONCLUSÃO Quando as mães recebem informações prévias sobre os cuidados com a saúde bucal infantil e as crianças frequentam escolas ou creches, aumenta a probabilidade de consultas odontológicas regulares em pré-escolares residentes em localidades rurais.

Tendência de suicídio em adolescentes brasileiros entre 1997 e 2016 / Tendencia al suicidio en adolescentes brasileños entre 1997 y 2016 / Suicide trend among Brazilian adolescents between 1997 and 2016

Objetivo: Analisar a tendência da mortalidade por suicídio em adolescentes brasileiros no período de 1997 a 2016. Métodos: Estudo ecológico de séries temporais; empregou-se regressão de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: Foram registrados 14.852 óbitos por suicídio, com taxas de mortalidade por 100 mil habitantes de 1,95 em 1997, 2,65 em 2016, e média de 2,14 no período 1997-2016; predominaram óbitos no sexo masculino (67,59%), por lesões autoprovocadas intencionalmente (84,19%), ocorridos no domicílio (52,69%); a região Centro-Oeste apresentou a maior taxa no período (3,71/100 mil hab.), com destaque para Mato Grosso do Sul (8,3/100 mil hab.); observou-se tendência de aumento de 1,35% ao ano na mortalidade por suicídio na população geral de adolescentes (IC95% 0,56;2,15), 1,63% no sexo masculino (IC95% 0,56;2,29), 3,11% na região Norte (IC95% 2,25;3,98) e 4,19% no Nordeste (IC95% 2,58;5,84). Conclusão: A mortalidade por suicídio em adolescentes brasileiros mostrou tendência ascendente no período estudado.

Objetivo: analizar la tendencia al suicidio en adolescentes brasileños de 1997 a 2016. Método: estudio ecológico de series temporales; se utilizó la regresión de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: se registraron 14.852 suicidios, con tasas de mortalidad de 1,95 por 100.000 habitantes en 1997, 2,65 en 2016 y promedio de 2,14 en el período 1997-2016; las muertes predominaron en el sexo masculino (67,59%), por autolesión intencional (84,19%) y ocurridas en casa (52,69%); la región Centro-Oeste tuvo la tasa más alta en el período (3,71/100,000 habitantes), con énfasis en Mato Grosso do Sul (8,3/100,000 habitantes); hubo una tendencia de aumento del 1,35% al año de la mortalidad por suicidio en la población adolescente general (IC95% 0,56; 2,15), 1,63% en varones (IC95% 0,56; 2,29), 3,11% en la región Norte (IC95% 2,25; 3,98) y 4.19% en el Nordeste (IC95% 2,58; 5;84). Conclusión: la mortalidad por suicidio en adolescentes brasileños mostró una tendencia al alza en el período estudiado.

Objective: To analyze the suicide mortality trend among Brazilian adolescents from 1997 to 2016. Methods: This is an ecological time series study; Prais-Winsten regression was used. Results: 14,852 suicide deaths were recorded, with mortality rates per 100,000 inhabitants of 1.95 in 1997, 2.65 in 2016 and average of 2.14 for the period 1997-2016; deaths predominated in males (67.59%), as well as deaths due to intentional self-harm (84.19%) and suicides at home (52.69%); the Midwest region had the highest rate in the period (3.71/100,000 inhabitants), in particular the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (8.3/100,000 inhabitants); the suicide trend rose 1.35% per annum in the general adolescent population (95%CI 0.56;2.15), 1.63% in males (95%CI 0.56;2.29), 3.11% in the North (95%CI 2.25;3.98) and 4.19% in the Northeast (95%CI 2.58;5.84). Conclusion: Suicide mortality in Brazilian adolescents showed an upward trend in the period studied.

Método do índice de qualidade (MIQ) na estimativa da vida de prateleira de peixes de espécies nativas brasileiras / Method of quality index method (QIM) for shelf life estimation of the Brazilian native species fish

O presente estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver um Método do Índice de Qualidade específico para três espécies de peixes nativos do Brasil, Hoplias malabaricus (Traíra), Hoplias lacerdae (Traírão) e Genidens barbus (Bagre branco) para estimar a vida de prateleira destas espécies através de uma avaliação espécie-específica sensorial. Na realização do estudo foram utilizados 20 peixes frescos de cada espécie, coletados no dia da captura, que foram avaliados sensorialmente até os 14 dias pós captura a cada dois dias. Para determinar a vida útil, também foi feito o monitoramento do pH. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o método do índice de qualidade pode ser utilizado como ferramenta para estimar a vida de prateleira das espécies analisadas. Acredita-se que mais estudos são necessários para validar o método proposto em espécies brasileiras.(AU)

Método do índice de qualidade (MIQ) na estimativa da vida de prateleira de peixes de espécies nativas brasileiras / Method of quality index method (QIM) for shelf life estimation of the Brazilian native species fish

O presente estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver um Método do Índice de Qualidade específico para três espécies de peixes nativos do Brasil, Hoplias malabaricus (Traíra), Hoplias lacerdae (Traírão) e Genidens barbus (Bagre branco) para estimar a vida de prateleira destas espécies através de uma avaliação espécie-específica sensorial. Na realização do estudo foram utilizados 20 peixes frescos de cada espécie, coletados no dia da captura, que foram avaliados sensorialmente até os 14 dias pós captura a cada dois dias. Para determinar a vida útil, também foi feito o monitoramento do pH. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o método do índice de qualidade pode ser utilizado como ferramenta para estimar a vida de prateleira das espécies analisadas. Acredita-se que mais estudos são necessários para validar o método proposto em espécies brasileiras.

Psicologia clínica ambiental em comunidades terapêuticas: intervenção por meio de capacitação profissional / Environmental clinical psychology in therapeutic communities: intervention through professional trainning / Psicología clínica ambiental en comunidades terapéuticas: intervención por medio de capacitación profesional

O presente artigo teve como objetivo apresentar a intervenção realizada em uma comunidade terapêutica, visando promoção de saúde dos acolhidos, considerando características e conceitos da Psicologia Ambiental. Optou-se pela abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa, que foi delineada como um estudo de caso. Participaram deste estudo sete pessoas, cinco homens e duas mulheres, com idade entre 30 e 50 anos, com diagnóstico de dependência química. Os resultados sugerem que os quatro encontros da Oficina Temática "Capacitar para Reciclar" trouxeram elementos para a elaboração de propostas pessoais de vida dos participantes para quando estes saírem da instituição. Este trabalho articula informações com possibilidades de atuação no mercado de trabalho, trazendo um olhar diferenciado para os acolhidos a respeito das atividades realizadas com materiais recicláveis. Essa intervenção é educativa pois traz a importância do planejamento de uma proposta de vida que contemple a reinserção social por meio de trabalho com reciclagem de resíduos sólidos.(AU)

The objective of this article was to present the intervention carried out in a therapeutic community, aiming to promote the health of the hosts, considering characteristics and concepts of Environmental Psychology. We chose the qualitative research approach, which was delineated as a case study. Seven people, five men and two women, aged between 30 and 50 years, with a diagnosis of drug addiction participated in this study. The results suggest that the four meetings of the Thematic Workshop "Developing Skills to Recycle" brought elements for the preparation of participants' personal life proposals when they leave the institution. This work articulates information with possibilities of action in the labor market, bringing a different perspective to participants regarding about the activities carried out with recyclable materials. This intervention is educational because it brings the importance of planning a proposal of life that contemplates social reintegration through working with solid waste recycling.(AU)

El presente artículo tuvo como objetivo presentar la intervención realizada en una comunidad terapéutica, buscando la promoción de salud de los participantes, considerando características y conceptos de la Psicología Ambiental. Se optó por la metodología cualitativa de investigación, que fue diseñada como un estudio de caso. Participaron del estudio siete personas, cinco hombres y dos mujeres, con edad entre 30 y 50 años, con diagnóstico de dependencia química. Los resultados sugieren que los cuatro encuentros del taller temático "Capacitar para Reciclar" hicieron emerger elementos para la elaboración de propuestas personales de vida de los participantes para cuando salgan de la institución. Este trabajo articula informaciones con posibilidades de actuación en el ámbito laboral, proponiendo una mirada diferenciada para los participantes respecto a las actividades realizadas con materiales reciclables. Esa intervención es educativa pues trae la importancia del planeamiento de una propuesta de vida que considere la reinserción social por medio del trabajo con reciclaje de residuos sólidos.(AU)

Normal Metabolic Levels in Prefrontal Cortex in Euthymic Bipolar I Patients with and without Suicide Attempts.

Introduction/Objective. Evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex has been implicated in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD), but few neurochemical studies have evaluated this region in bipolar patients and there is no information from BD suicide attempters using Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (H(+)MRS). The objective was to evaluate the metabolic function of the medial orbital frontal cortex in euthymic BD type I suicide and nonsuicide attempters compared to healthy subjects by H(+)MRS. Methods. 40 euthymic bipolar I outpatients, 19 without and 21 with history of suicide attempt, and 22 healthy subjects were interviewed using the Structured Clinical Interview with the DSM-IV axis I, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Young Mania Rating Scale, and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 and underwent H(+)MRS. Results. We did not find any metabolic abnormality in medial orbital frontal regions of suicide and nonsuicide BD patients and BD patients as a group compared to healthy subjects. Conclusions. The combined chronic use of psychotropic drugs with neuroprotective or neurotrophic effects leading to a euthymic state for longer periods of time may improve neurometabolic function, at least measured by H(+)MRS, even in suicide attempters. Besides, these results may implicate mood dependent alterations in brain metabolic activity. However, more studies with larger sample sizes of this heterogeneous disorder are warranted to clarify these data.

Prática alimentar de lactentes atendidos pela Estratégia Saúde da Família no Maranhão / Eating habits of children attending the Family Health Strategy in Maranhão

O intenso crescimento e desenvolvimento da criança nos dois primeiros anos de vida inserem este grupo populacional em situação de alto risco à desnutrição e deficiências nutricionais específicas, especialmente em situações socioeconômicas desfavoráveis. Objetivo Identificar a prática da alimentação de crianças de 06 a 23 meses de idade atendidas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família no Maranhão. Métodos Dados secundários do projeto Prevalência e Determinantes da Anemia em Mulheres e Crianças no Estado do Maranhão. Estudo transversal de base populacional e abordagem quantitativa. O consumo foi avaliado através do inquérito Recordatório de 24 horas. A avaliação da adequação de consumo foi realizada através do Guia Alimentar para Crianças Menores de 2 anos, do Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira e pelo proposto pela Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde. A prática alimentar foi caracterizada pela frequência de refeições, participação dos grupos de alimentos e quantificação de energia, ferro e vitamina A, distribuídos por faixa etária. Resultados Das 401 crianças com idade entre 06 e 23 meses, 52 por cento ainda eram amamentadas, sendo para 17 por cento a única fonte láctea. O grupo dos leites e derivados foi o mais frequente em todas as crianças com 65 por cento entre 6 a 8 meses, 53 por cento de 9 a 11 meses, 41 por cento de 12 a 17 meses e 29 por cento de 18 a 23 meses, declinando expressivamente com o aumento da idade...

The intense growth and development of children in the first two years of life insert this population group at high risk for malnutrition and specific nutritional deficiencies, especially in unfavorable socioeconomic situations. Objective - To identify the practice of feeding children 06-23 months old served by the Family Health Strategy in Maranhão. Methods Secondary data from Prevalence and Determinants Projects of anemia in women and children in the state of Maranhão projects. Transversal population-based study and a quantitative approach. Consumption was assessed by dietary recall survey of 24 hours. The assessment of consumption was performed using the Food Guide for Children under two years, the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population and proposed by the National Health Survey. A diet was characterized by frequency of meals, participation in food groups and quantification of energy, iron and vitamin A, divided by age group. Results From 401 children within 06 to 23 months, 52 per cent were still being breastfed and for 17 per cent from this group it was the only milk source. The group of milk and dairy products was the most common in all children with 65 per cent between 6-8 months 53 per cent 9-11 months 41 per cent 12-17 months and 29 per cent 18-23 months falling significantly as their age increase...

Prevalence and clinical correlates of alcohol use disorders among bipolar disorder patients: results from the Brazilian Bipolar Research Network.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate prevalence rates and clinical correlates of alcohol use disorders (AUD) among bipolar disorder (BD) patients in a large sample from the Brazilian Bipolar Research Network. METHODS: Four hundred and eighty-three DSM-IV BD patients, divided according to the presence or absence of a lifetime AUD diagnosis (BD-AUD vs. BD-nonAUD), were included. Demographic and clinical characteristics of these two groups were compared. Logistic regression was performed to identify which characteristics were most strongly associated with a lifetime AUD diagnosis. RESULTS: Nearly 23% presented a lifetime AUD diagnosis. BD-AUD patients were more likely to be male, to present rapid cycling, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anorexia, other substance use disorders (SUD), family history of SUD, any substance misuse during the first mood episode, history of psychosis, suicide attempts, and younger age at onset of illness than BD-nonAUD patients. Logistic regression showed that the variables most strongly associated with a lifetime AUD diagnosis were SUD (non-alcohol), any substance misuse during the first mood episode, PTSD, male gender, suicide attempt, family history of SUD, and younger age at onset of BD. CONCLUSIONS: BD-AUD patients begin their mood disorder earlier and present more suicidal behaviors than BD-nonAUD patients. Personal and family history of SUD may be good predictors of comorbid AUD among BD patients. These variables are easily assessed in the clinical setting and may help to identify a particularly severe subgroup of BD patients.

Adaptação da escala de exploração e investimento vocacional (EEIV) a uma população estudantil do Amazonas/Brasil / Adaptation of the career commitment scale for a sample of brazilian students

O presente estudo teve como objetivo adaptar a Escala de Exploração e Investimento Vocacional numa amostra brasileira de estudantes. Fizeram parte da pesquisa 1461 estudantes com idades entre 14 e 24 anos (M = 17,1 e DP = 1,0) que freqüentavam o ensino médio de escolas públicas e privadas da cidade de Manaus/AM. A Análise Fatorial Exploratória foi utilizada para a identificação das dimensões subjacentes à escala e seleção dos itens com maior índice de saturação. Dos 40 itens da escala original foram mantidos 28, os quais se organizaram segundo a estrutura original de 5 fatores com uma variância explicada de 47,5%. Por seu lado, a Análise Fatorial Confirmatória mostrou a adequação da solução de 5 fatores. As qualidades psicométricas do instrumento permite-nos afirmar que a EEIV-BR é uma escala com potencialidades para avaliar as dimensões do desenvolvimento vocacional no contexto brasileiro.

This study aimed to adapt the Career Commitment Scale (CCS) for a sample of Brazilian students. The present study included 1,461students aged between 14 and 24 years (M = 17.1; SD = 1.0) who attended public and private schools from Manaus-AM. Exploratory Factor Analysis was used to identify the underlying dimensions of the scale and selection of items with higher saturation. From the 40 items of the original scale, 28 were kept, which were organized according to the original structure of five factors and with an explained variance of 47.5%. Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed the suitability of the solution of five factors. The psychometric qualities of the instrument allow us to state that the CCS-BR is a scale with potential to evaluate the dimensions of career development in the Brazilian context.

Adaptação da Escala de Exploração e Investimento Vocacional (EEIV) a uma população estudantil do Amazonas/Brasil / Adaptation of the career commitment scale for a sample of brazilian students

O presente estudo teve como objetivo adaptar a Escala de Exploração e Investimento Vocacional numa amostra brasileira de estudantes. Fizeram parte da pesquisa 1461 estudantes com idades entre 14 e 24 anos (M = 17,1 e DP = 1,0) que freqüentavam o ensino médio de escolas públicas e privadas da cidade de Manaus/AM. A Análise Fatorial Exploratória foi utilizada para a identificação das dimensões subjacentes à escala e seleção dos itens com maior índice de saturação. Dos 40 itens da escala original foram mantidos 28, os quais se organizaram segundo a estrutura original de 5 fatores com uma variância explicada de 47,5%. Por seu lado, a Análise Fatorial Confirmatória mostrou a adequação da solução de 5 fatores. As qualidades psicométricas do instrumento permite-nos afirmar que a EEIV-BR é uma escala com potencialidades para avaliar as dimensões do desenvolvimento vocacional no contexto brasileiro.(AU)

This study aimed to adapt the Career Commitment Scale (CCS) for a sample of Brazilian students. The present study included 1,461students aged between 14 and 24 years (M = 17.1; SD = 1.0) who attended public and private schools from Manaus-AM. Exploratory Factor Analysis was used to identify the underlying dimensions of the scale and selection of items with higher saturation. From the 40 items of the original scale, 28 were kept, which were organized according to the original structure of five factors and with an explained variance of 47.5%. Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed the suitability of the solution of five factors. The psychometric qualities of the instrument allow us to state that the CCS-BR is a scale with potential to evaluate the dimensions of career development in the Brazilian context.(AU)

The impacts of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the treatment of phobic disorders measured by functional neuroimaging techniques: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: Functional neuroimaging techniques represent fundamental tools in the context of translational research integrating neurobiology, psychopathology, neuropsychology, and therapeutics. In addition, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has proven its efficacy in the treatment of anxiety disorders and may be useful in phobias. The literature has shown that feelings and behaviors are mediated by specific brain circuits, and changes in patterns of interaction should be associated with cerebral alterations. Based on these concepts, a systematic review was conducted aiming to evaluate the impact of CBT on phobic disorders measured by functional neuroimaging techniques. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was conducted including studies published between January 1980 and April 2012. Studies written in English, Spanish or Portuguese evaluating changes in the pattern of functional neuroimaging before and after CBT in patients with phobic disorders were included. RESULTS: The initial search strategy retrieved 45 studies. Six of these studies met all inclusion criteria. Significant deactivations in the amygdala, insula, thalamus and hippocampus, as well as activation of the medial orbitofrontal cortex, were observed after CBT in phobic patients when compared with controls. CONCLUSION: In spite of their technical limitations, neuroimaging techniques provide neurobiological support for the efficacy of CBT in the treatment of phobic disorders. Further studies are needed to confirm this conclusion.

The impacts of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the treatment of phobic disorders measured by functional neuroimaging techniques: a systematic review

Objective: Functional neuroimaging techniques represent fundamental tools in the context of translational research integrating neurobiology, psychopathology, neuropsychology, and therapeutics. In addition, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has proven its efficacy in the treatment of anxiety disorders and may be useful in phobias. The literature has shown that feelings and behaviors are mediated by specific brain circuits, and changes in patterns of interaction should be associated with cerebral alterations. Based on these concepts, a systematic review was conducted aiming to evaluate the impact of CBT on phobic disorders measured by functional neuroimaging techniques. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted including studies published between January 1980 and April 2012. Studies written in English, Spanish or Portuguese evaluating changes in the pattern of functional neuroimaging before and after CBT in patients with phobic disorders were included. Results: The initial search strategy retrieved 45 studies. Six of these studies met all inclusion criteria. Significant deactivations in the amygdala, insula, thalamus and hippocampus, as well as activation of the medial orbitofrontal cortex, were observed after CBT in phobic patients when compared with controls. Conclusion: In spite of their technical limitations, neuroimaging techniques provide neurobiological support for the efficacy of CBT in the treatment of phobic disorders. Further studies are needed to confirm this conclusion. .

Comportamento suicida no transtorno afetivo bipolar e características sociodemográficas, clínicas e neuroanatômicas associadas / Suicidal behavior in bipolar affective disorder and socio-demographic, clinical and neuroanatomical characteristics associated

CONTEXTO: Pacientes com transtorno bipolar possuem risco maior de suicídio, quando comparados com a população geral e com outros transtornos psiquiátricos. Este artigo tem como objetivo revisar os aspectos sociodemográficos, clínicos e neuroanatômicos associados ao comportamento suicida em pacientes com transtorno bipolar com história de tentativa de suicídio. MÉTODOS: Revisão não sistemática da literatura, por meio dos indexadores eletrônicos: PsycoInfo, Lilacs,Medline e PubMed, utilizando-se as palavras-chave: "attempt suicide", "suicidal behavior", "suicide", "bipolar disorder", "suicide risk factor", "neuroimaging" e "suicide neurobiology". RESULTADOS: Diversas características sociodemográficas e clínicas têm sido associadas às tentativas de suicídio em pacientes bipolares, porém os resultados são ainda conflitantes. Em relação aos achados de neuroimagem, os dados também são escassos e inconsistentes. Destes, a hiperintensidade periventricular em substância branca e as alterações na estrutura e função do córtex pré-frontal são os mais descritos. CONCLUSÕES: Considerando que o suicídio é uma causa potencialmente evitável de morte, a compreensão dos correlatos clínicos e neurobiológicos do comportamento suicida pode ser útil na prevenção desse comportamento. Sendo assim, estudos que avaliem melhor os fatores de risco para o comportamento suicida nessa população são necessários.

BACKGROUND: Bipolar patients have a higher risk of suicide when compared with the general population and other psychiatric disorders. The aim of this article is to review the social-demographic, clinical and neuroanatomical aspects of suicidal behavior in bipolar patients. METHODS A non-systematic review of literature through PsycoInfo, Lilacs, Medline and PubMed eletronic databases was conducted, using the keywords: "suicide attempt", "suicidal behavior", "suicide" "bipolar disorder", "suicide risk factor," "neuroimaging", and "suicide neurobiology." RESULTS: Several clinical and sociodemographics characteristics have been associated with suicide attempts in bipolar patients, but results are conflicting. Regarding to neuroimaging, the data are rare, and the results are inconsistent, with reports of white matter hyperintensities and changes in structure and function of the prefrontal cortex. DISCUSSION: Given that suicide is a potentially preventable cause of death, the understanding of neurobiological and clinical correlates of suicidal behavior can be useful in reducing rates of attempt suicide in bipolar patients.