Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of hydroethanolic extract of Spondias mombin leaf in an oral mucositis experimental model.

BACKGROUND: Spondias mombin has been used in folk medicine to treat inflammation in the oral cavity. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of S. mombin extract in an oral mucositis experimental model. METHODS: Male hamsters were orally pre-treated with hydroethanolic extract of S. mombin leaves (HESM) (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) for ten days. Cheek pouch samples were subjected to macroscopic, histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis (Cox-2, iNOS, NF-kB p50 NLS and MMP-2). IL-1ß and TNF-α levels were analyzed by ELISA immunoassay, and Superoxide dismutase estimative (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were submitted to spectroscopy analysis. RESULTS: The group treated with HESM at a dose of 200 mg/kg showed the best healing effect, showing no evidence of ulceration in the macroscopic analysis (p < 0.05). Histopathological analysis showed re-epithelialization, discrete mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate and absence of hemorrhage and edema score of 1 (1-1) (p < 0.05), as well as a large amount of collagen fibers and a lower immunoexpression of Cox-2, iNOS, NF-kB p50 NLS and MMP-2. Decrease in SOD (p < 0.05), MDA (p<0.001), IL-1ß (p < 0.05), and TNF-α levels (p < 0.001), with an increase in GSH (p < 0.01) levels. CONCLUSION: HESM (200 mg/kg) reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in the 5-fluorouracil-induced oral mucositis in hamsters.

Chemical composition and evaluation of the antibacterial and Cytotoxic activities of the essential oil from the leaves of Myracrodruon urundeuva.

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the in vitro activity of essential oil extracted from the leaves of Myracrodruon urundeuva. METHODS: The oil was obtained by hydro-distillation and characterized by Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). The antibacterial activity was evaluated by the broth microdilution technique and the MIF was determined by using growth indicator CTT (2,3,5-triphenyl-tetrazolium) and CBM in BHI agar. The oil's cytotoxicity was evaluated in HeLa, HEK-293, and Vero E6 cells using MTT, 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium. RESULTS: The oil showed chemical markers, including α-pinene (87.85%), trans-caryophyllene (1.57%), limonene (1.49%) and ß -pinene (1.42%), and activity against all strains: Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = MBC = 0.22 mg/mL), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC = 0.11 mg/mL and MBC = 0.22 mg/mL), Escherichia coli (MIC = 0.88 mg/mL and MBC = 1.75 mg/mL), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = MBC = 7 mg/mL) and Salmonella Enteritidis (MIC = MBC = 0.44 mg/mL). In vitro cytotoxicity tests showed that the oil is not toxic and has slight antitumor activity. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the M. urundeuva oil results are promising, with prospects of being pharmacologically viable.

Evaluation of the bony repair in rat cranial defect using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy and discriminant analysis.

We set out to determine whether near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis (LDA) or, variable selection techniques employing successive projection algorithm or genetic algorithm (GA) could evaluate the bone repair in cranial critical-size (5 mm) defect after stimulation with collagen sponge scaffold and/or infrared low-level laser therapy directly on the local. Forty-five Winstar rats were divided into nine groups of five each, namely: group H - healthy, n = 5 (without treatment and without cranial critical-size defect), (GI positive control - n = 5, 21 days or n = 5, 30 days) without treatment and with cranial critical-size defect; (GII-n = 5, 21 days or n = 5, 30 days) cranial critical-size defect filled with collagen sponge scaffold; (GIII-n = 5, 21 days or n = 5, 30 days) cranial critical-size defect submitted to low-level laser therapy; (GIV-n = 5, 21 days or n = 5, 30 days) cranial critical-size defect submitted to combined collagen sponge scaffold + low-level laser therapy treatment. In relation to the histological analysis, the collagen sponge scaffold + low-level laser therapy treatment group (GIV) 30 days showed the best result with the presence of secondary bone, immature bone (osteoid) and newly formed connective tissue (periosteum). GA-LDA model also successfully classified control class of the others classes. Thus, the results provided by the good-quality classification model revealed the feasibility of NIRS for application to evaluation of the wound healing in rat cranial defect, thanks to the short analysis time of a few seconds and nondestructive advantages of NIRS as an alternative approach for bone repair purposes. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:1160-1168, 2017.

Prognostic significance of the anatomical location and TNM clinical classification in oral squamous cell carcinoma

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Objetives: The aim of this study was to investigate the existence of correlation between the TNM clinical classification, anatomical location and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Study design: A total of 130 oral squamous cell carcinomas were selected from the files of the Dr. Luiz Antonio Hospital (Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil). Data concerning TNM clinical classification, anatomical location and prognosis were obtained. Pearsons correlation test was applied for the statistical analysis of data.Results: It revealed a statistically significant correlation (p = 0.01) between TNM clinical classification and prognosis. It also revealed correlation between TNM classification and theanatomical location of oral squamous cell carcinomas (p = 0.01). Conclusions: We concluded that TNM classification presented correlation with prognosis and with the different anatomical locations of oral squamous cell carcinomas (AU)