Compliance of nutritional recommendations of spanish pregnant women according to sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics: a cohort study / Cumplimiento de las recomendaciones nutricionales de mujeres embarazadas en España en relación a sus características sociodemográficas: estudio de una cohorte

Objective: To assess nutrient intakes and compliance with nutritional recommendations in pregnant women according to selected sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyles. Methods: Cross-sectional study based on data from Spanish INMA cohort which recruited 2,585 pregnant women between 2003 and 2008 from four different regions of Spain. Sociodemographic information and anthropometry was collected and dietary intake was assessed through Food Frequency Questionnaires. The adequacy of food group intake was assessed considering current recommendations and from the Spanish Society of Nutrition. Moreover, intake of vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E, were compared with the Dietary Reference Intakes of the US Institute of Medicine. Results: Percentage of women that did not fulfil the recommendations for cereals and legumes (3-4 servings/ day) was 70.0%, for fruit intake (2-3 servings/day) it was 39.2%, for vegetables (2-4 servings/day) 47.3% and for dairy (3-4 servings/day) it was 51.6%. Intake of fruit and vegetables increased with age, educational degree and with physical activity (p<0.005). Also non-Spanish achieved better the recommendations. Percentage of pregnant women that did not fulfil the requirements (DRI) of vitamins A and C was 13.2 % and 16.2 respectively. More than 65% of the women did not met the recommended diary intake of vitamin E of 19 mg/day during the lactation period. Conclusions: Maternal age, education, having healthy habits, as well as country of origin are factors strongly associated with the composition of the diet. Sedentary women and those with a low education are at risk for low vitamin and antioxidant intake and non-optimal food choices during pregnancy (AU)

Objetivo: Estudiar las ingesta dietética y cumplimiento de las recomendaciones nutricionales de una población de mujeres embarazadas, de acuerdo a sus características sociodemográficas y hábitos de vida. Métodos: se trata de un estudio prospectivo basado en datos de la cohorte española INMA (Infancia y Medioambiente). Se han reclutado 2.585 mujeres embarazadas entre los años 2003 y 2008 en cuatro regiones diferentes de España. La ingesta dietética ha sido recogida mediante Cuestionarios de Frecuencia Alimentaria (CFA) y la información antropométrica, sociodemográfica y de estilos de vida a través de cuestionarios generales. La ingesta de grupos de alimentos y de vitaminas A, C y E y carotenoides fueron comparadas con las ingestas dietéticas de referencia de las guías Española y Americana. Resultados: El porcentaje de mujeres embarazadas que no cumplían las recomendaciones de cereales y legumbres (3-4 raciones /día) fue del 70 %, de frutas (2-3 raciones /día) el 39,2%, de verduras (2-4 raciones /día) fue del 47,3% y de lácteos (3-4 raciones /día) el 51,6%. La ingesta de frutas y verduras fue mayor en mujeres extranjeras y aumento con la edad, con el nivel de estudios y en mujeres con mayor actividad física (p<0.005). El porcentaje de mujeres embarazadas que no cumplieron los requerimientos (CDR) de vitaminas A y C fueron el 13,2% 16, 2% respectivamente. Más del 65% de las mujeres no cumplieron el mínimo de ingesta de vitamina E (19 mg/día) recomendado para mujeres embarazadas y en periodo de lactancia. Conclusiones: En este estudio se ha observado que factores como la edad, educación, tener hábitos de vida saludables así como el país de origen están fuertemente asociados a la composición de la dieta en las mujeres embarazadas. Mujeres sedentarias y con bajo nivel educativo tienen ingesta más bajas de vitaminas y antioxidantes procedentes de las frutas y verduras y por lo tanto más riesgo de llevar una dieta poco adecuada durante el embarazo (AU)

Compliance of nutritional recommendations of Spanish pregnant women according to sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics: a cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess nutrient intakes and compliance with nutritional recommendations in pregnant women according to selected sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyles. METHODS: Cross-sectional study based on data from Spanish INMA cohort which recruited 2,585 pregnant women between 2003 and 2008 from four different regions of Spain. Sociodemographic information and anthropometry was collected and dietary intake was assessed through Food Frequency Questionnaires. The adequacy of food group intake was assessed considering current recommendations and from the Spanish Society of Nutrition. Moreover, intake of vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E, were compared with the Dietary Reference Intakes of the US Institute of Medicine. RESULTS: Percentage of women that did not fulfil the recommendations for cereals and legumes (3-4 servings/day) was 70.0%, for fruit intake (2-3 servings/day) it was 39.2%, for vegetables (2-4 servings/day) 47.3% and for dairy (3-4 servings/day) it was 51.6%. Intake of fruit and vegetables increased with age, educational degree and with physical activity (p<0.05). Also non-Spanish achieved better the recommendations. Percentage of pregnant women that did not fulfil the requirements (DRI) of vitamins A and C was 13.2 % and 16.2 respectively. More than 65% of the women did not met the recommended diary intake of vitamin E of 19 mg/day during the lactation period. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal age, education, having healthy habits, as well as country of origin are factors strongly associated with the composition of the diet. Sedentary women and those with a low education are at risk for low vitamin and antioxidant intake and non-optimal food choices during pregnancy.

Objetivo: Estudiar las ingesta dietética y cumplimiento de las recomendaciones nutricionales de una población de mujeres embarazadas, de acuerdo a sus características sociodemográficas y hábitos de vida. Métodos: se trata de un estudio prospectivo basado en datos de la cohorte española INMA (Infancia y Medioambiente). Se han reclutado 2.585 mujeres embarazadas entre los años 2003 y 2008 en cuatro regiones diferentes de España. La ingesta dietética ha sido recogida mediante Cuestionarios de Frecuencia Alimentaria (CFA) y la información antropométrica, sociodemográfica y de estilos de vida a través de cuestionarios generales. La ingesta de grupos de alimentos y de vitaminas A, C y E y carotenoides fueron comparadas con las ingestas dietéticas de referencia de las guías Española y Americana. Resultados: El porcentaje de mujeres embarazadas que no cumplían las recomendaciones de cereales y legumbres (3-4 raciones /día) fue del 70 %, de frutas (2-3 raciones /día) el 39,2%, de verduras (2-4 raciones /día) fue del 47,3% y de lácteos (3-4 raciones /día) el 51,6%. La ingesta de frutas y verduras fue mayor en mujeres extranjeras y aumento con la edad, con el nivel de estudios y en mujeres con mayor actividad física (p.

Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in prostate cancer. Preliminary experience.

OBJECTIVES: To study the validity of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 as a complementary marker to PSA for the diagnosis and prognosis of Prostate Cancer. METHODS: Prospective study structured as a hospital-based cohort of 100 consecutive patients undergoing prostate biopsy. Serum determination of MMP-9 was carried out by means of inmunoassay. Statistical analysis was performed using the Stata/SE 8.2 software. RESULTS: 32 patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer and 52% had a Gleason score equal to or greater than 7. The values of serum MMP-9 varied between 225.7 and 1932.3 ng/ml, without significant differences among patients with benign, malignant and uncertain histology (p=0.429). The differences approached statistical significance in the subgroup of patients with PSA at 4-10 ng/ml (p=0.058), and significant differences were observed in the subgroup with free PSA to total PSA coefficient of less than 15% (p=0.037). No relationship between the Gleason score and the level of MMP-9 was shown (p=0.739). The levels of PSA and MMP-9 were shown to be independent (Pearson coefficient of correlation -0.1). CONCLUSIONS: It was not possible to show the efficacy of MMP-9 in predicting the result of the biopsy. In the group of patients with slightly increased levels of PSA (between 4 and 10 ng/ml) all the descriptive variables were higher in the group with malignant histology, though they did not reach statistical significance, they did reach significance when the coefficient of free PSA over total PSA was less than 15%, but this finding is not relevant clinically, as these patients already have a clear indication for biopsy. Neither was the relationship with the prognosis shown as there are no differences of MMP-9 expression at varying Gleason scores.

Matrix metalloproteinase- 9 polymorphisms in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. A preliminary experience.

UNLABELLED: Polymorphisms Q279R, P574R and -1562 C/T of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) gene have been linked with the risk of cancer and with tumoral aggressiveness in various types of cancer. So far there are no studies in the literature analysing the link between polymorphisms Q279R, P574R and -1562 C/T of MMP-9 and prostate cancer. OBJECTIVES: To establish the presence of the MMP-9's gene polymorphisms (Q279R, P574R and -1562 C/T)in relation to results of prostate biopsy, PSA values and Gleason score. METHODS: Hospital cohort of 100 patients with suspected prostate cancer, subjected to prostate biopsy, in whom the MMP-9 polymorphisms (Q279R, P574R and -1562 C/T) were analysed using the PCR-RLFP technique. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found in the presence of the Q279R, P574R and -1562 C/T polymorphisms in terms of prostate biopsy results (p = 0.264, p = 0.406, p = 0.860, respectively), or Gleason score (p = 0.373, p = 0.367, p = 0.476). Comparing the genotypes of the Q279R, P574R and -1562 C/T polymorphisms resulting from prostate biopsy, using subgroups according to PSA values, no statistically significant differences were found either (p = 0.332 y p = 0.393, respectively ). However, statistically significant differences were found when comparing the genotypes of the -1562 C/T polymorphism of the MMP-9 in patients showing positive biopsy for malignant tumour in comparison to a negative biopsy for a malignant tumour in the subgroup of patients with PSA 10 ng/ml (p=0.049). The joint analysis of the three MMP-9 polymorphisms, using logistical regression study did not reveal any statistically significant differences as far as the risk of developing prostate cancer is concerned based on the presence of the Q279R, P574R and -1562 C/T polymorphisms. CONCLUSION: The Q279R, P574R and -1562 C/T polymorphisms are not linked with the aggressiveness in prostate cancer, neither they are linked to the risk of suffering prostate cancer.

Expresión de metaloproteasa de matriz 9 en el cáncer de próstata. Experiencia preliminar / Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in prostate cancer. Preliminary experience

OBJETIVO: Estudiar la validez de la metaloproteasa 9 (MMP-9) como marcador complementario al PSA en el diagnóstico y el pronóstico del carcinoma de próstata.MÉTODO: Estudio prospectivo estructurado como cohorte de base hospitalaria. Fueron incluidos 100 pacientes consecutivos a los que se iba a practicar una biopsia prostática. La determinación sérica de MMP-9 se realizó mediante inmunoensayo, y el análisis estadístico con el programa informático stata/SE 8.2.RESULTADOS: 32 pacientes fueron diagnosticados de carcinoma prostático y el 52% de ellos con grado Gleason mayor o igual a 7. Los valores de MMP-9 sérica oscilaron entre 225,7 y 1932,3 nanogramos por mililitro, sin encontrar diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los pacientes con histología benigna, maligna e incierta (p=0,429). Las diferencias se acercaron a la significación estadística en el subgrupo de pacientes con PSA 4-10 ng/ml (p=0,058) y en el subgrupo PSA libre/total menor de 15% se observaron diferencias significativas (p=0,037). No se encontró relación entre el grado Gleason y el nivel de MMP-9 (p=0,739). Los niveles de PSA y MMP-9 demostraron ser independientes (Coeficiente de correlación de Pearson -0,1).CONCLUSIONES: No fue posible demostrar la eficacia de la MMP-9 para predecir el resultado de la biopsia. En el grupo de pacientes con elevaciones discretas del PSA (entre 4 y 10 ng/ml) todas las variables descriptivas fueron superiores en el grupo con histología maligna, sin alcanzar la significación estadística. Sí se alcanzó la significación cuando el cociente de PSA libre entre PSA total fue menor del 15%, pero este hallazgo no tiene relevancia en la práctica clínica, pues estos pacientes ya tienen indicación clara de biopsia. Tampoco se demuestra relación con el pronóstico al no existir diferencias de expresión de MMP-9 entre diferentes grados Gleason(AU)

OBJECTIVES: To study the validity of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 as a complementary marker to PSA for the diagnosis and prognosis of Prostate Cancer.METHODS: Prospective study structured as a hospital-based cohort of 100 consecutive patients undergoing prostate biopsy. Serum determination of MMP-9 was carried out by means of inmunoassay . Statistical analysis was performed using the Stata/SE 8.2 software.RESULTS: 32 patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer and 52% had a Gleason score equal to or greater than 7. The values of serum MMP-9 varied between 225.7 and 1932.3 ng/ml, without significant differences among patients with benign, malignant and uncertain histology (p=0.429). The differences approached statistical significance in the subgroup of patients with PSA at 4-10 ng/ml (p=0.058), and significant differences were observed in the subgroup with free PSA to total PSA coefficient of less than 15% (p=0.037). No relationship between the Gleason score and the level of MMP-9 was shown (p=0.739). The levels of PSA and MMP-9 were shown to be independent (Pearson coefficient of correlation -0.1).CONCLUSIONS: It was not possible to show the efficacy of MMP-9 in predicting the result of the biopsy. In the group of patients with slightly increased levels of PSA (between 4 and 10 ng/ml) all the descriptive variables were higher in the group with malignant histology, though they did not reach statistical significance, they did reach significance when the coefficient of free PSA over total PSA was less than 15%, but this finding is not relevant clinically, as these patients already have a clear indication for biopsy. Neither was the relationship with the prognosis shown as there are no differences of MMP-9 expression at varying Gleason scores(AU)

Polimorfismo de la metaloproteasa de matriz 9 (MMO-9) en el diagnostico del carcinoma prostático. Experiencia preliminar / Matrix metalloproteinase 9 polyphormisms in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. A preliminary experience

Los polimorfismos Q279R, P574R y -1562 C/T en el gen de la MMP-9 se han relacionado con el riesgo de padecer cáncer y con la agresividad tumoral de varios tipos de cánceres. Hasta ahora no existen estudios en la literatura que analicen la asociación de los polimorfismos Q279R, P574R y -1562 C/T de la MMP-9 con el cáncer prostático.OBJETIVOS: Determinar las diferencias de presencia de los polimorfismos en el gen de la MMP-9 (Q279R, P574R y -1562 C/T) en función del resultado de la biopsia prostática, de las cifras del PSA y el grado histológico Gleason.MÉTODOS: Se trata de una cohorte de base hospitalaria que incluye 100 pacientes con sospecha de carcinoma prostático, sometidos a biopsia prostática, a los que se determinaron los polimorfismos de la MMP-9 (Q279R, P574R y -1562 C/T) mediante la técnica de PCR-RFLP.RESULTADOS: No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la presencia de los polimorfismos Q279R, P574R y -1562 C/T de la MMP-9, en función del resultado de la biopsia prostática (p = 0,264, p = 0,406, p = 0,860, respectivamente), ni en función del grado Gleason (p = 0,373, p = 0,367, p = 0,476). Al comparar los distintos genotipos de los polimorfismos Q279R y P574R de la MMP-9 en función del resultado de la biopsia prostática, haciendo subgrupos según las cifras del PSA, tampoco se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p = 0,332 y p = 0,393, respectivamente). Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas al comparar los distintos genotipos del polimorfismo -1562 C/T de la MMP-9, en pacientes con biopsia positiva para tumor maligno respecto a biopsia negativa para tumor maligno en el subgrupo de pacientes de PSA > 10 ng/ml (p = 0,049)...(AU)

Polymorphisms Q279R, P574R and -1562 C/T of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) gene have been linked with the risk of cancer and with tumoral aggressiveness in various types of cancer. So far there are no studies in the literature analysing the link between polymorphisms Q279R, P574R and -1562 C/T of MMP-9 and prostate cancer.OBJECTIVES: To establish the presence of the MMP-9´s gene polymorphisms (Q279R, P574R and -1562 C/T)in relation to results of prostate biopsy, PSA values and Gleason score.METHODS: Hospital cohort of 100 patients with suspected prostate cancer, subjected to prostate biopsy, in whom the MMP-9 polymorphisms (Q279R, P574R and -1562 C/T) were analysed using the PCR-RLFP technique.RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found in the presence of the Q279R, P574R and -1562 C/T polymorphisms in terms of prostate biopsy results (p = 0.264, p = 0.406, p = 0.860, respectively), or Gleason score (p = 0.373, p = 0.367, p = 0.476). Comparing the genotypes of the Q279R, P574R and -1562 C/T polymorphisms resulting from prostate biopsy, , using subgroups according to PSA values, no statistically significant differences were found either (p = 0.332 y p = 0.393, respectively ). However, statistically significant differences were found when comparing the genotypes of the -1562 C/T polymorphism of the MMP-9 in patients showing positive biopsy for malignant tumour in comparison to a negative biopsy for a malignant tumour in the subgroup of patients with PSA > 10 ng/ml (p=0.049). The joint analysis of the three MMP-9 polymorphisms, using logistical regression study did not reveal any statistically significant differences as far as the risk of developing prostate cancer is concerned based on the presence of the Q279R, P574R and -1562 C/T polymorphisms.CONCLUSION: The Q279R, P574R and -1562 C/T polymorphisms are not linked with the aggressiveness in prostate cancer, neither they are linked to the risk of suffering prostate cancer(AU)