Knowledge of the Brain Death Concept Among Older People.

BACKGROUND: The concept of brain death (BD) is not well understood in the general population; this lack of knowledge is one of the main factors that generates an attitude against organ donation. Older people are a population group that has rarely been studied in relation to organ donation and transplantation (ODT), and it is important to investigate the most important aspects of ODT, such as people's concept of BD. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the level of understanding of the concept of BD in people > 65 years of age and the factors that influence their mode of thinking. METHODS: A multicenter study was carried out with a representative sample of people > 65 years of age, stratified by sex and geographic location in the southeast of Spain (n = 420). Knowledge of BD as well as the influence of other variables were analyzed through a validated questionnaire about ODT. SPSS version 21.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, United States) software was used for statistical analysis. Descriptive analysis included Student t test and the χ2 test. RESULTS: The questionnaire had a completion rate of 84% (n = 351). In 36% (n = 127) of cases, people ˃ 65 years of age understood the concept of BD. In general, knowledge of this concept has not been associated with other variables including social-family interaction about ODT (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Older people do not understand the concept of BD. It is, therefore, necessary to carry out informative campaigns on ODT explaining this concept. This would improve organ donation awareness in this particular group of people.

Awagrafia / Agraphia manifesting during a WhatsApp conversation

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Hybrid Composite-Metal Stack Drilling with Different Minimum Quantity Lubrication Levels.

Hybrid stack drilling is a very common operation used in the assembly of high-added-value components, which combines the use of composite materials and metallic alloys. This process entails the complexity of machining very dissimilar materials, simultaneously, on account of the interactions that are produced between them, during machining. This study analyzed the influence of Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) on the performance of diamond-coated carbide tools when drilling Ti/carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP)/Ti stacks. The main wear mechanism observed was diamond-coating detachment, followed by fragile breaks in the main cutting-edge. The tests done with the lower lubrication levels have shown an important adhesion of titanium (mainly on the secondary cutting-edge) and a higher friction between the tool and the workpiece, producing higher temperatures on the cutting region and a thermal softening effect on the workpiece. These phenomena affect the evolution of cutting power consumption with tool wear in the titanium layer. Regarding the quality of the test specimen, no significant differences were observed between the lubrication levels tested.

[Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome following smoking cessation and treatment with bupropion]. / Sindrome de vasoconstriccion cerebral reversible tras abandono de habito tabaquico y tratamiento con bupropion.

TITLE: Sindrome de vasoconstriccion cerebral reversible tras abandono de habito tabaquico y tratamiento con bupropion.

[Radiosurgery as adjuvant treatment of a recurrent adult medulloblastoma. Ultra-early response]. / Radiocirugía como tratamiento complementario del meduloblastoma recidivadodel adulto: respuesta ultratemprana.

The role of radiosurgery after multimodality treatment of recurrent desmoplastic adult medulloblastoma is analyzed. The ultra-early clinical and pathological response of this tumor to adjunctive radiosurgery is stressed.

Radiocirugía como tratamiento complementario del meduloblastoma recidivado del adulto: respuesta ultratemprana / The role of radiosurgery after multimodality treatment of recurrent desmoplastic adult medulloblastoma is analyzed. The ultra-early clinical and pathological response of this tumor to adjunctive radiosurgery is stressed

Se analiza el papel de la radiocirugía en un caso de meduloblastoma multirrecidivado del adulto tras dos intervenciones, radioterapia fraccionada, quimioterapia y dos autotrasplantes. Se resalta la precocidad de la respuesta clínico-patológica al tratamiento radioquirúrgico (AU)

The role of radiosurgery after multimodality treatment of recurrent desmoplastic adult medulloblastoma is analyzed. The ultra-early clinical and pathological response of this tumor to adjunctive radiosurgery is stressed (AU)

[Usefulness of hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of radionecrosis and symptomatic brain edema after LINAC radiosurgery]. / Eficacia del oxígeno hiperbárico en el tratamiento de la radionecrosis y el edemacerebral sintomáticos tras radiocirugía con acelerador lineal.

Radionecrosis with brain edema is a complication of radiosurgery. Three female patients harbouring a frontal pole, petrous and parasagital parietoocipital meningiomas respectively who had been treated with LINAC radiosurgery are presented. Those patients developed, between two and eight months later, a severe symptomatic radionecrosis with a huge brain edema resistant to the usual steroid therapy. Only after 40 sessions of hyperbaric oxygen, a good remission of the lesions was obtained. There are few cases reported in the literature with such a good outcome. Consequentely, this therapy must be taken into account to treat this type of radiosurgical complication before considering surgery.

Eficacia del oxígeno hiperbárico en el tratamiento de la radionecrosis y el edemacerebral sintomáticos tras radiocirugía con acelerador lineal / Usefulness of hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of radionecrosis and symptomatic brain edema after LINAC radiosurgery

La radio necrosis y el edema cerebral son complicaciones asociadas a la radiocirugía. Presentamos los casos de tres pacientes tratadas con radiocirugía mediante acelerador lineal, de un meningioma de polo frontal izquierdo, peñasco y para sagital parietooccipital, respectivamente, que desarrollaron, entre dos y ocho meses más tarde, lesiones de tipo radio necrótico con extenso edema peritumoral que resultaron resistentes al tratamiento con esteroides y que se han resuelto con la administración de 40 sesiones de oxígeno hiperbárico. Son pocos los casos publicados hasta ahora en la literatura con tan excelentes resultados, por lo que consideramos un hecho a tener muy en cuenta ante las posibles complicaciones de este tipo que puedan presentarse en el transcurso de la práctica radioquirúrgica antes de recurrir a la cirugía (AU)

Radionecrosis with brain edema is a complication of radiosurgery. Three female patients harbouring a frontal pole, petrous and parasagital parietoocipital meningiomas respectively who had been treated with LINAC radiosurgery are presented. Those patients developed, between two and eight months later, a severe symptomatic radionecrosis with a huge brain edema resistant to the usual steroid therapy. Only after 40 sessions of hyperbaric oxygen, a good remission of the lesions was obtained. There are few cases reported in the literature with such a good outcome. Consequentely, this therapy must be taken into account to treat this type of radiosurgical complication before considering surgery (AU)

A importância da associação profissional e a educação médica continuada para o médico homeopata. O caso do México / The importance of professional associations and the continued medical education for homeopathic physicians. The case study from Mexico

No México, os profissionais adotaram diversas formas de organização: associações, colégios, sociedades e, atualmente, conselhos. Tendo em vista o presente trabalho, referir-nos-emos às associações profissionais e sua importância na formação médica continuada para o médico homeopata

A medicina institucional e a profissão de médico homeopata / The institucional medicine and the profession of the homeopathic physician

O presente trabalho apresenta considerações para a reflexão acerca da participação do médico homeopata na medicina atual e institucional

[Retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma in childhood]. / Linfangioma quístico retroperitoneal en la infancia.

UNLABELLED: Lymphangiomas are very common neoplasms in infancy. However, a retroperitoneal location is seldom observed. We present the case of a male with a history of chronic recurrent pain over a period of several years. An X-ray showed a calcic density in the left upper abdominal quadrant; the histological study revealed it to be a mixoid cystic lymphangioma. Clinical presentation varies greatly from an asymptomatic mass to serious complications. In order to correctly diagnose of these neoplasms it is essential to carry on ultra sound and CT examination although a simple abdominal X-ray may show calcifications as the one presented here. Treatment is always surgical and a complete extirpation should be performed, unless vital structures were are involved. Treatment with laser, fibrin and sclerotherapy have also been used. CONCLUSION: In spite of being benign neoplasms we believe they should be removed to confirm diagnosis and avoid possible complications.

Linfangioma quístico retroperitoneal en la infancia / Retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma in the children

Los linfangiomas son tumoraciones muy frecuentes en la infancia si¡] embargo su localización retroperitoneal es excepcional" Presentamos un varón con historia de dolores abdominales de varios años de evolución. que en una radiografía de abdomen ,se observo una imagen de densidad cálcica en hipocondrio izquierdo; el estudio histológico demostró un linfangioma quístico mixoide.La clínica de presentación es muy variada desde una masa asintomática hasta complicaciones graves.Para el diagnóstico de estos tumores son fundamentales los estudios mediante ecografía y TAC si bien la radiografía simple de abdomen puede mostrar calcificaciones como en el caso que presentamos.El tratamiento es siempre quirúrgico, debiendo intentar realizar una resección completa, salvo que alerte a estructuras vitales. También se han utilizado: láser, adhesivo de fibrina y escleroterapia. Conclusión: a pesar de ser tumores benignos consideramos que deben extirparse para confirmar el diagnóstico y evitar sus posibles complicaciones (AU)

[Research grants in biology and basic medical sciences in Spain during the first third of the twentieth century]. / Becas de ampliación de estudios en biología y ciencias básicas de la medicina en la España del primer tercio del siglo XX.

We investigate the system of research grants in Spain during the first years of the twentieth century. In an initial phase, from 1900 to 1907, grants were awarded directly by the Public Instruction Ministery; their number was limited, the mechanism of selection was rigid, and control over the awardees was insufficient. From 1907 the organism in charge of managing the grants was the Board of Training and Scientific Research (Junta para la Ampliación de Estudios). The Junta raised the number of grants and made the mechanism of selection more flexible. Eighteen percent of the grants from the Junta were devoted to biomedical studies. Subjects of study were: physiology (35,18%), general biology (27-74%) and histology 18,38%). The country most preferred by awardees in the biomedical sciences was Germany (30,99%), followed by France and Switzerland.