[Lipid profile in newborns with intrauterine growth retardation]. / Perfil lipídico en recién nacidos con retardo del crecimiento intrauterino.

BACKGROUND: The X syndrome, related to coronary disease in adults, could be possibly programmed priory to delivery, in children with intrauterine growth retardation. AIM: To measure serum lipids in newborns with symmetrical or asymmetrical intrauterine growth retardation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred thirty-five newborns with intrauterine growth retardation and 116 normal term newborns, with 38 to 41 gestational weeks, were studied. Total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and apoproteins. A1 and B were measured in umbilical cord blood samples. RESULTS: No differences in total, HDL, LDL cholesterol, apoproteins A1 and B were observed between the study groups. Triglycerides were higher in newborns with intrauterine growth retardation, compared to normal term newborns (45 +/- 27 and 36 +/- 19 mg/dl respectively, p < 0.001). Differences in serum triglyceride levels respect to controls were observed in both male and female newborns with asymmetrical growth retardation. Likewise the differences respect to controls were observed in newborns with mild or severe but not with moderate growth retardation. CONCLUSIONS: Newborns with intrauterine growth retardation have higher triglyceride levels than normal term newborns.

[Lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in normal newborns]. / Lípidos, lipoproteínas y apolipoproteínas en recién nacidos normales.

BACKGROUND: In Chile, there is a high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. Because atherosclerosis starts in childhood, it is important to assess serum lipid levels in children. AIM: To measure serum lipid levels in normal Chilean newborns. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A sample of umbilical cord venous blood was obtained from 156 normal newborns (76 male) immediately after delivery. Total and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, apoprotein A1, B and lipoprotein (a) were measured. RESULTS: Mean values for total cholesterol in males, females and in the total sample were 60.6, 67.8 and 64 mg/dl respectively. The figures for HDL cholesterol were 24.9, 29.3 and 27 mg/dl, for LDL cholesterol were 28.3, 32.4 and 30 mg/dl, for triglycerides were 37.5, 30.3 and 35 mg/dl, for apoprotein A1 were 69, 79 and 74 mg/dl, for apoB were 23, 25 and 24 mg/dl and for lipoprotein (a) were 1.58, 1.79 and 1.69 mg/dl. Total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and apoprotein A1 were significantly different between sexes. Percentiles 5 and 95 for total cholesterol were 37 and 111, for HDL cholesterol were 14 and 40, for LDL cholesterol were 13 and 57, for triglycerides were 20 and 69, for apoprotein A1 were 53 and 101, for apoprotein B were 11 and 48 and for lipoprotein (a) were 1.3 and 2.1 mg/dl. Five percent of children had apoprotein B values over 48 mg/dl. CONCLUSIONS: The detection of high levels of apoprotein B in newborns, could allow the early identification of individuals with high cardiovascular risk.