Association of ionophores, yeast, and bacterial probiotics alters the abundance of ruminal microbial species of pasture intensively finished beef cattle.

The effect of the association of non-protein nitrogen, yeast, and bacterial probiotics on the ruminal microbiome of beef cattle intensively finished on pasture was evaluated. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of a group of animals kept on pasture that received low consumption supplementation (LS) and four groups that received for 98 days, 17.5 g concentrate kg-1 body weight. The supplements were composed of the association of additives: urea (U), slow-release non-protein nitrogen (U+SRN), yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae; U+SRN+Y), and bacterial probiotics (live strains of bacteria; U+SRN+Y+BP). All supplements also contained salinomycin and virginiamycin. After slaughtering the animals, samples of ruminal content were collected to quantify groups of fibrolytic bacteria (Ruminococcus albus and Fibrobacter succinogenes), non-fibrolytic (Prevotella ruminicola, Selenomonas ruminantium, and Streptococcus bovis), Archaea, and ciliate protozoa, using the qPCR technique. The abundance of F. succinogenes was the same for the LS animals and those that received the supplement U+SRN+Y (1.42×108 copies mL-1) but higher than the other treatments. Supplementation reduced by 90% the abundance of S. bovis compared to the LS. The inclusion of yeast increased the abundance of fibrolytic bacteria by 2.2-fold. For animals that received the supplement U+SRN+Y+BP and the LS, there was no difference for non-fibrolytic bacteria (3.07×109 copies mL-1). The use of yeasts and sources of non-protein nitrogen in high-concentrate diets for beef cattle stimulates the growth of fibrolytic bacteria, which can contribute to the reduction of digestive disorders and metabolic diseases in animals that receive diets with high concentrate in pasture intensive termination systems.

Autocuidado de adolescentes no período puerperal: aplicação da teoria de Orem / Self-care of adolescents in the puerperal period: application of the Orem theory

Objetivo: identificar o conhecimento de puérperas adolescentes sobre o autocuidado. Método: estudo qualitativo, descritivo, realizado a partir da entrevista com sete puérperas adolescentes primíparas. A amostra foi definida pelo critério de saturação e os dados foram analisados de acordo com a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo, na modalidade Análise Categorial, e discutidos com base no referencial teórico de Dorothea Orem. Resultados: na categoria central, Autocuidado para o não desvio de Saúde, observou-se o conhecimento positivo sobre os cuidados com as mamas, a higiene íntima e a ferida operatória; déficit no autocuidado por meio do conhecimento negativo sobre a prática de exercícios físicos, a anticoncepção e os benefícios da amamentação; a influência sociocultural nas ações de autocuidado. Conclusão: pôde-se inferir que as adolescentes necessitam de melhorias em seu preparo para a execução das ações de autocuidado no puerpério.

Cuidados de enfermagem prestados à parturiente adolescente sob a luz da teoria de Wanda Horta / Cuidados de enfermería prestados a la parturienta adolescente a luz de la teoría de Wanda Horta / Nursing care to adolescent woman in labor in the light of Wanda Horta’s theory

Objective: To know the nursing care of the teenager during labor, and thus to identify the factors influencing, and analyze the nursing care of the adolescent woman in labor. Method: It is an exploratory qualitative research through interviews with 08 midwives of the maternity ward of University Hospital Professor Alberto Antunes (UFAL). Data were categorized according to Bardin analysis technique and the theoretical reference the Theory of Basic Human Needs Wanda Horta. Results: It was possible to identify 03 thematic units that show the care of Nursing to the adolescent parturient, emphasizing the reception, the approach of the team and formation of the bond and of the nurses, and the care itself. Conclusion: The study made it possible to highlight the care provided, which happens in a generalized way, thus making it possible to identify the factors that determine how care is provided and its difficulties.

Objetivo: Conhecer os cuidados de Enfermagem prestados à adolescente durante o trabalho de parto, e assim identificar os fatores os influenciam, e analisar os cuidados de Enfermagem prestados à parturiente adolescente. Método: É uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratória, realizada através de entrevista com 08 enfermeiras obstétricas da maternidade do Hospital Universitário Professor Alberto Antunes (UFAL). Os dados foram categorizados de acordo com a técnica de análise de Bardin e tendo como referencial teórico a Teoria das Necessidades Humanas Básicas de Wanda Horta. Resultados: Foi possível identificar 03 unidades temáticas que evidenciam o cuidado de Enfermagem à parturiente adolescente, destacando-se o acolhimento, a aproximação da equipe e formação do vínculo e das enfermeiras, e os cuidados em si. Conclusão: O estudo possibilitou evidenciar os cuidados prestados, que acontecem de forma generalizada, possibilitando assim identificar os fatores que determinam como os cuidados são prestados e suas dificuldades.

Objetivo: Conocer los cuidados de enfermería de la adolescente durante el parto, y por lo tanto para identificar los factores que influyen y analizar los cuidados de enfermería a la mujer adolescentes en el trabajo. Método: Es una investigación cualitativa exploratoria a través de entrevistas con 08 parteras de la sala de maternidad del Hospital Universitario Profesor Alberto Antunes (UFAL). Los datos se clasifican de acuerdo a la técnica de análisis de Bardin y la referencia teórica la Teoría de las Necesidades Humanas Básicas de Wanda Horta. Resultados: Fue posible identificar 03 unidades temáticas que evidencian el cuidado de Enfermería a la parturienta adolescente, destacándose la acogida, la aproximación del equipo y la formación del vínculo y de las enfermeras, y los cuidados en sí. Conclusión: El estudio posibilitó evidenciar los cuidados prestados, que ocurren de forma generalizada, posibilitando así identificar los factores que determinan cómo los cuidados son prestados y sus dificultades.

Cytogenetic and Molecular Data Support the Occurrence of Three Gymnotus Species (Gymnotiformes: Gymnotidae) Used as Live Bait in Corumbá, Brazil: Implications for Conservation and Management of Professional Fishing.

In the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul, electric fish (Gymnotus spp.) are the primary source of live bait, accounting for more than three-quarters of total sales. Based on chromosomal and molecular markers, the present study attempted to identify the Gymnotus species used as bait in the region of Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Three species were detected, based on their distinct karyotypes: G. paraguensis (2n = 54), G. sylvius (2n = 40), and G. pantanal (2n = 39-40, X1X2Y/X1X1X2X2), with no evidence being found of interspecific hybrids. All three species presented a single nucleolar organizer regions (NOR) (heterochromatin CMA3+/DAPI-) and pericentromeric heterochromatin in almost all chromosomes, with a few distal and/or interstitial blocks. G. sylvius and G. pantanal had one and two pairs of chromosomes with 5S rDNA sites, respectively, while G. paraguensis had 17 chromosome pairs with these markers. The three species formed well-defined clusters in the DNA barcoding analysis. The integrated analysis of the cytogenetic and DNA barcoding data confirmed that the diversity of Gymnotus species exploited as live bait in the study region has been underestimated. These findings indicate that the markers analyzed represent valuable tools for the conservation and fishery management of the Gymnotus stocks exploited.

Karyotype Diversity in Doradidae (Siluriformes, Doradoidea) and Presence of the Heteromorphic ZZ/ZW Sex Chromosome System in the Family.

Karyotypes and other chromosomal markers as revealed by conventional and molecular cytogenetic protocols in four species of the catfish family Doradidae from the Araguaia-Tocantins river basin, namely Hassar wilderi, Leptodoras cataniae, Tenellus leporhinus and Tenellus trimaculatus were examined. All species had diploid chromosome number 2n = 58 and karyotypes dominated by biarmed chromosomes, simple NOR phenotype, that is, one chromosome pair bearing this site in terminal position, but some differences in karyotypes and distribution of constitutive heterochromatin, position of rDNA sites. Such characteristics appeared species-specific. A ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system was found in Tenellus trimaculatus, resulting likely from the amplification of the heterochromatin, followed by a paracentric inversion. Our results confirmed low karyotype differentiation observed until now among representatives of this endemic catfish family.

Chromosomal location of retrotransposable REX 1 in the genomes in five Prochilodus (Teleostei: Characiformes.

Transposable elements are repetitive DNA sequences comprising a group of segments able to move and carry sequences within the genome. Studies involving comparative genomics have revealed that most vertebrates have different populations of transposable elements with significant differences among species of the same lineage. Few studies have been conducted in fish, the most diverse group of vertebrates, with the objective to locate different types of transposable elements. Therefore, this study proposed to map the retrotransposable element Rex1 applying Fluorescent in situ Hybridization (FISH) in five species of the genus Prochilodus (Prochilodus argenteus, Prochilodus brevis, Prochilodus costatus, Prochilodus lineatus and Prochilodus nigricans). After the application of the Rex1 probe, scattered markings were found throughout the genome of analyzed species, and also the presence of small clusters located in the centromeric and telomeric regions coincident with the heterochromatin distribution pattern. This was the first description of the retrotransposable element Rex1 in Prochilodus genome seeking for a better understanding of the distribution pattern of these retrotransposons in the genome of teleost fish.

A new dispersed element in the genome of the catfish Hisonotus leucofrenatus (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Hypoptopomatinae).

Eight restriction enzymes were used in the prospection and isolation of repetitive sequences in the genome of the catfish Hisonotus leucofrenatus, a siluriform fish species that presents a large heterochromatic block in the W chromosome. In the tested enzymes, only the BamHI enzyme revealed a distinct band of 224 bp G+C value of 37%. In comparative analyses with sequences already available in the GenBank, the BamHI fragment sequence showed similarity with part of a Lepidoptera transposon. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed that this sequence presents a dispersed pattern in the genome of H. leucofrenatus, forming clusters in some chromosome pairs in the pericentromeric region, which frequently are rich in constitutive heterochromatin. Based on the analysis performed, it can be inferred that the HLBam fragment constitutes a genomically dispersed transposon type element. It can be considered that the findings in this study can contribute to a better understanding of the organization and distribution of transposable elements in the genome of teleost fish.

Transposable elements as a potential source for understanding the fish genome.

Transposable elements are repetitive sequences with the capacity tomove inside of the genome. They constitute the majority of the eukaryotic genomes, and are extensively present in the human genome, representing more than 45% of the genome sequences. The knowledge of the origin and function of these elements in the fish genome is still reduced and fragmented, mainly with regard to its structure and organization in the chromosomes of the representatives of this biological group, with data currently available for very few species that represent the great variety of forms and existing diversity. Comparative analyses ascertain differences in the organization of such elements in the species studied up to the present. They can be part of the heterochromatic regions in some species or be spread throughout the genome in others. The main objective of the present revision is to discuss the aspects of the organization of transposable elements in the fish genome.

Molecular cytogenetic study of heterochromatin in Hisonotus leucofrenatus (Teleostei, Loricariidae, Hypoptopomatinae).

The fish species Hisonotus leucofrenatus exhibits a large amount of C-band positive segments with different responses after application of the C-banding technique. Type I class named herein appeared to be heavily stained after C-banding in the terminal position of five chromosome pairs and type II class, weakly stained after C-banding in the interstitial or pericentromeric position in nine chromosome pairs and in the supernumerary chromosomes. No variation was observed in type II C-band positive segments, however, type I segments displayed conspicuous polymorphisms, and six cytotypes were detected among the fish analyzed. Chromosomes were also analyzed by CMA(3) and DAPI staining, which showed that type I C-band positive segments comprised both AT-rich and GC-rich DNA, while type II segments were mainly composed of GC-rich sequences. HindIII-digested genomic DNA exhibits fragments of the ladder-like pattern, characteristic of tandemly arrayed repetitive sequences. Two of those fragments corresponding to monomeric and dimeric units of a 78 bp repetitive DNA sequence were cloned and sequenced. The cloned repetitive DNA was used as probe in fluorescent in situ hybridization experiments. The results revealed that these sequences were located in the same position as the type I C-band positive segments. This satellite DNA did not hybridize with DNA from other species of Hisonotus or from other fish of the family Loricariidae, suggesting that this sequence is specific to H. leucofrenatus. The role of these repetitive sequences in the karyotypic evolution of this species is discussed.

Cytokine production from human primary teeth pulp fibroblasts stimulated by different pulpotomy agents.

PURPOSE: After exposing the pulp tissue, cytokines are produced that regulate the pulp inflammatory response. The dental literature, however, lacks information on the participation of primary tooth fibroblasts in this process. The purpose of this study was to verify the participation of human primary tooth pulp fibroblasts in the inflammatory process, evaluate the production of interleukin 1 beta (IL-l beta) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) from these cells. METHODS: Pulpotomy agents were applied as conditioned media on cell cultures in the following groups: (1) negative control; (2) positive control (Lipopolysaccharide -LPS); (3) calcium hydroxide (powder); (4) mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA); (5) adhesive resin; and (6) formocresol. After 24 hours in contact with the cells, the conditioned media were removed, the proteins were extracted from the cells and IL-l beta and IL-8 were quantified by ELISA (Enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay). RESULTS: Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (P<0.05) and Tukey's test (P<0.05). It was observed that calcium hydroxide has stimulated the production of IL-l beta, without stimulating IL-8. Conversely, the adhesive resin and formocresol stimulated the production of IL-8, and did not stimulate IL-l beta. MTA stimulated both cytokines in an intermediate level when compared to the other materials. CONCLUSION: Primary tooth fibroblasts can respond immunologically, and different pulp capping materials can help in this process.

Técnica de frenectomia associada a enxerto de mucosa mastigatória: relato de caso clínico / Frenectomy tecnique associated with mastigatory mucosa graft: clinical case report

Freios labiais possuem a função de limitar os movimentos dos lábios, promovendo a estabilização da linha média e impedindo a excessiva exposição da gengiva. A colocação de enxerto da mucosa mastigatória após frenectomia parece evitar a recidiva, aumentar a faixa de gengiva queratinizada e melhorar a estética do paciente. Portanto, o objetivo do presente trabalho é apresentar um caso clínico de frenectomia associada a enxerto de mucosa mastigatória.

Labial frenum have the function to limit the lips moviments, promoting the stability of the medium line and limiting gingival excessive exposition. The mastigatory mucosa graft installation after frenectomy seems to avoid relapse, increase keratinized gingival and improve aesthetics. Then, the objective of this study is to present a case report of the frenectomy combined with a mastigatory mucosa graft.