Zein and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate microfibers combined with metronidazole benzoate and/or metronidazole-incorporated cellulose nanofibrils for potential periodontal treatment.

The development of flexible and porous materials to control antibacterial delivery is a pivotal endeavor in medical science. In this study, we aimed to produce long and defect-free fibers made of zein and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) to be used as a platform for the release of metronidazole (MDZ) and metronidazole benzoate (BMDZ) to be potentially used in periodontal treatment. Microfibers prepared via electrospinning under a 2:3 (w/w) zein to HPMCAS ratio, containing 0.5 % (w/w) poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and 1 % (w/w) cellulose nanofibril (CNF) were loaded with 40 % (w/w) MDZ, 40 % (w/w) BMDZ, or a combination of 20 % (w/w) of each drug. The addition of CNF improved the electrospinning process, resulting in long fibers with reduced MDZ and BMDZ surface crystallization. MDZ- and BMDZ-incorporated fibers were semicrystalline and displayed commendable compatibility among drugs, nanocellulose and polymeric chains. Release tests showed that zein/HPMCAS/PEO fibers without CNF and with 20 % (w/w) MDZ/ 20 % (w/w) BMDZ released the drug at a slower and more sustained rate compared to other samples over extended periods (up to 5 days), which is a favorable aspect concerning periodontitis treatment.

COVID-19 post-vaccination in healthcare workers and vaccine effectiveness, Brazil, 2021.

OBJECTS: This study aimed to describe COVID-19 cases in healthcare workers at a large tertiary hospital, after a vaccination campaign, to understand the individual characteristics, timeliness, symptomatology, and severity of the conditions. METHODS: The COVID-19 reporting files from the hospital's healthcare workers and their records in the vaccine registry were analyzed, regarding vaccination status, symptoms, sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes. Vaccination descriptive analysis was carried out and the impact and effectiveness of vaccination in relation to symptomatic infection and hospitalization were estimated. RESULTS: In a total of 696 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients, vaccination coverage for the 1st and 2nd dose was 92.8% and 85.5%. Patients with complete doses had a mean interval of 96.8 days between vaccination and the onset of symptoms. Of the 664 participants with available clinical data, 165 had at least 1 comorbidity. During the study, 12 patients were hospitalized, 58.3% with a complete vaccination schedule. Three of this group died. The effectiveness of vaccination for symptomatic cases and hospitalization was 22.1% and 69.0%, respectively. The impact of vaccination on symptomatic cases and hospitalization was 81.4% and 89.7%, respectively. DISCUSSION: The majority of COVID-19 cases in the study were classified as mild. The impact of vaccination for confirmed cases was significant, both in reducing the incidence of symptomatic cases and hospitalizations. The presence of comorbidities in approximately » of the patients increased the risk of these individuals. The mean time interval between diagnosis and the 2nd dose of vaccine was longer in the hospitalized group, reinforcing the protective decline over longer periods.

The Role of Betaine in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: a Narrative Review.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This narrative review aimed to explore the functions of betaine and discuss its role in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). RECENT FINDINGS: Some studies on CKD animal models have shown the benefits of betaine supplementation, including decreased kidney damage, antioxidant recovery status, and decreased inflammation. Betaine (N-trimethylglycine) is an N-trimethylated amino acid with an essential regulatory osmotic function. Moreover, it is a methyl donor and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Additionally, betaine has positive effects on intestinal health by regulating the osmolality and gut microbiota. Due to these crucial functions, betaine has been studied in several diseases, including CKD, in which betaine plasma levels decline with the progression of the disease. Low betaine levels are linked to increased kidney damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, and intestinal dysbiosis. Furthermore, betaine is considered an essential metabolite for identifying CKD stages.

Obesity phenotype induced by high-fat diet leads to maternal-fetal constraint, placental inefficiency, and fetal growth restriction in mice.

The aim of this study was to investigate certain parameters regarding the maternal-fetal outcomes in a diet-induced obesity model. Obese, glucose-intolerant females who were exposed to a high-fat diet prior to pregnancy had lower placental efficiency and lower birth weight pups compared to the controls. Simple linear regression analyses showed that maternal obesity disrupts the proportionality between maternal and fetal outcomes during pregnancy. Maternal obesity is correlated with fetal outcomes, perhaps because of problems with hormonal signaling and exacerbation of inflammation in the maternal metabolic environment. The maternal obese phenotype altered the thickness of the placental layer, the transport of fatty acids, and the expression of growth factors. For example, lower expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mRNA in the obesity-prone group may have contributed to the rupture of the placental layers, leading to adverse fetal outcomes. Furthermore, maintenance of maternal glucose homeostasis and overexpression of placental growth factor (PGF) in the obesity-resistant group likely protected the placenta and fetuses from morphological and functional damage.

Maternal soy protein isolate diet during lactation programs deleterious effects on hepatic lipid metabolism, atherogenic indices, and function of adrenal in adult rat offspring.

The benefits of consuming soy and its protein have been reported in many studies. However, its phytoestrogen content raises concerns about consumption during lactation and gestation We therefore examined the effects of soybean or soy protein isolate on the parameters-related cardiovascular pathophysiology in lactating mothers and their offsprings at weaning and adulthood. Lactating rats were divided: casein control (C); soy protein isolate (SPI); and soybean (S). At weaning, half of the litter received commercial ration up to 150 days. The levels of 17-ß-estradiol and superoxide dismutase were low in the S mothers. For the SPI mothers, we observed a reduction of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). At weaning, atherogenic indices [1 = total cholesterol (TC)/HDL; 2 = LDL/HDL; 3 = TC-HDL/HDL)] decreased in the S and SPI offsprings compared to the casein control group; TBARS and antioxidant enzymes increased in the S offspring, while reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio increased in the SPI offspring, indicating lower oxidative stress. In adulthood, the SPI offspring showed an increase in liver cholesterol and atherogenic index 1 and 3 (vs. C and S) and 2 (vs. S). In addition, we found a decrease in catecholamines in the adrenal medulla and an increase in caffeine-stimulated secretion, but tyrosine hydroxylase expression remained constant. Maternal consumption of SPI during lactation worsened atherogenic indices of the offsprings in adulthood, which was associated with increased liver cholesterol and decreased catecholamines in the adrenal medulla. Soy consumption had no consistent long-term effects on the evaluated parameters compared to casein consumption. The data suggest that the consumption of SPI during lactation should be done with caution.

COVID-19 post-vaccination in healthcare workers and vaccine effectiveness, Brazil, 2021

Abstract Objects: This study aimed to describe COVID-19 cases in healthcare workers at a large tertiary hospital, after a vaccination campaign, to understand the individual characteristics, timeliness, symptomatology, and severity of the conditions. Methods: The COVID-19 reporting files from the hospital's healthcare workers and their records in the vaccine registry were analyzed, regarding vaccination status, symptoms, sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes. Vaccination descriptive analysis was carried out and the impact and effectiveness of vaccination in relation to symptomatic infection and hospitalization were estimated. Results: In a total of 696 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients, vaccination coverage for the 1st and 2nd dose was 92.8% and 85.5%. Patients with complete doses had a mean interval of 96.8 days between vaccination and the onset of symptoms. Of the 664 participants with available clinical data, 165 had at least 1 comorbidity. During the study, 12 patients were hospitalized, 58.3% with a complete vaccination schedule. Three of this group died. The effectiveness of vaccination for symptomatic cases and hospitalization was 22.1% and 69.0%, respectively. The impact of vaccination on symptomatic cases and hospitalization was 81.4% and 89.7%, respectively. Discussion: The majority of COVID-19 cases in the study were classified as mild. The impact of vaccination for confirmed cases was significant, both in reducing the incidence of symptomatic cases and hospitalizations. The presence of comorbidities in approximately » of the patients increased the risk of these individuals. The mean time interval between diagnosis and the 2nd dose of vaccine was longer in the hospitalized group, reinforcing the protective decline over longer periods.

Needle-free anesthesia: clinical efficacy of a mucoadhesive patch for atraumatic anesthesia in dental procedures.

This study showcases the clinical efficacy of mucoadhesive patches designed for the buccal delivery of lidocaine and prilocaine hydrochlorides (1:1, 30 mg/patch). Such patches were developed for needle-free pre-operative local anesthesia in dentistry, aiming at mitigating the use of infiltrative anesthesia for medium-complexity clinical procedures. The patches were manufactured encompassing drug-release, mucoadhesive and backing layers, all prepared through film casting using biocompatible materials. Fifty-eight (n = 58) adult patients (65% women and 35% men) were randomly selected and included in a one-arm open clinical prospective cohort study. The average age of the subjects was of 50 years. The majority (59%) of the subjects, mostly women (82%), reported needle-phobia or anxiety due to dental procedures, which was assessed through a questionnaire approved by the ethical council for human use in research. The patches were positioned in the gingival region of the teeth involved in the procedure (86% on the maxillary and 14% on the mandibular bone). Two anesthetic patches were applied on each patient: one in the vestibular region and another in the palate/lingual portion, and these patches remained attached to the placement sites throughout the procedures. Concerning the dental procedures performed, 40% were cavity preparations and dental restorations of medium cavities; 29% staple facilities; 10% gingival retractions; 9% subgingival scrapings; 3% gingivalplasties; 3% supragingival preparations; 3% occlusal adjustments; and 2% subgingival preparations. In 90% of the cases, it was not necessary to complement with conventional infiltrative local anesthesia during the procedures. Patients did not report any discomfort or side effect during or after the administration of the patches. Among the cases in which there was the need for complementation, 50% were cavity preparations and dental restorations; 33% supragingival preparations; and 17% gingivoplasties. The complementary anesthesia volume was of 0.63 ± 0.23 mL and women corresponded to 83% of the participants who needed such intervention. Furthermore, in most cases, the patch was capable of initiating the anesthesia within a short time frame (5 minutes) and reaching the maximum anesthetic effect within 15 and 25 min, lasting at least 50 min. Undesirable side effects were not reported either 2 h after the administration or within the 6-month follow-up. Therefore, the anesthetic patches developed provide needle-free, painless, safe, and patient/dentist-friendly advances in performing routine medium-complexity dental procedures.

Herpes Labialis: A New Possibility for Topical Treatment with Well-Elucidated Drugs.

Mucocutaneous infections caused by Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1 and HSV-2) are characterized by the appearance of vesicles that cause pain and embarrassment to the carrier. The standard treatment is based on the use of antivirals in gels or ointments, however, relapses are common. Local anesthetics decrease the pain caused by the lesion, in addition to showing antiviral properties. Semi-solid form facilitates application and its transformation into a thin film favors the maintenance of the formulation in place, with a more discreet final aspect. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate formulations containing anesthetics for the treatment of cold sores. For this purpose, two semi-solid film-forming formulations were developed and evaluated, containing HPMC K100, lidocaine (LIDO) and prilocaine (PRILO) combined with adjuvants, in the presence (F1T) or not (F1) of the absorption promoter Transcutol®. The mixture of PRILO and LIDO resulted in the formation of a eutectic mixture (EM), essential for penetration of drugs into the skin. The quantification of drugs was performed by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography), and Transcutol® did not influence the release of drugs from the formulation. The bioadhesiveness of the formulation was evaluate and the drugs did not impair the adhesive potential of the polymers used. The formulations were evaluated in vivo for skin irritation and did not show any negative sign on macroscopic examination. The in vivo efficacy test proved the anesthetics' ability to decrease the lesions caused by HSV-1. Thus, the proposed formulations proved to be good alternatives to the treatment of oral lesions caused by HSV-1.

A New Approach to Ex Vivo Permeation Studies in In-Situ Film-Forming Systems.

The skin is the largest human organ and an important topical route. Even with some challenges, it is an important ally in medication administration, mainly because it is painless and easy-to-apply. Semisolid formulations are the most used dosage forms for drug administration via this delivery route and can be optimized when transformed into a film, favoring on-site maintenance, and promoting drug permeation. However, in situ film-forming systems are difficult to assess and characterize using Franz-type diffusion cells once this apparatus is ideal to formulations without transition phases. The present study proposed a different method to characterize these formulations and provide complementary data on drug and penetration enhancer behaviors, as close as possible to real application conditions. This characterization method allowed us to analyze drug concentration on three necessary occasions: remaining in the polymer film, stratum corneum using adhesive tape, and skin to check where drugs will have a desirable effect. As a proof-of-concept, the proposed ex vivo permeation method was used to evaluate a film-forming system containing lidocaine and prilocaine. We could also evaluate transition phases of drug compositions and quantify drugs at key times after application. Hence, the developed method may be used to provide complementary data to the Franz diffusion cell method, in terms of drug and penetration enhancer behaviors incorporated into film-forming delivery systems.

Estudo das propriedades psicométricas do Addiction Severity Index (ASI): revisão sistemática da literatura / Study of psychometric properties of do Addiction Severity Index (ASI): systematic literature review / Estudio de las propiedades psicométricas del do Addiction Severity Index (ASI): revisión sistemática de la literatura / xxxx

OBJETIVO: realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura das propriedades psicométricas do ASI. MÉTODO: foram incluídos estudos indexados nas bases de dados Pubmed, PsycInfo, Scielo e Lilacs, que abordavam estudos de avaliação psicométrica da quinta e sexta versão do ASI. RESULTADOS: descritos em categorias classificadas quanto ao número de métodos de análises, mostram manuscritos de diversos países e em diferentes contextos que utilizaram métodos clássicos para as análises de validação e confiabilidade da quinta e da sexta versão do ASI. De uma maneira geral, ambas as versões apresentaram boas propriedades psicométricas, embora algumas áreas, como por exemplo, a área “familiar”, apresentaram algumas limitações quanto à confiabilidade e a consistência interna. A maioria dos estudos mostra uma correlação moderada entre os escores sumários do ASI e outros instrumentos, não sendo uniformemente alta. Entretanto as áreas “álcool” e “drogas” foram as que mais apresentaram altas correlações com outros instrumentos considerados medidas externas. As análises apoiaram a multidimensionalidade do ASI, porém, tiveram algumas exceções. CONCLUSÃO: apesar das limitações, o ASI é utilizado amplamente em todo o mundo, por profissionais de diferentes áreas, psicólogos, enfermeiros, assistentes sociais e psiquiatras. Tem auxiliado clínicos e pesquisadores, contribuindo para a elaboração de um plano terapêutico, determinando as prioridades clínicas, bem como o manejo dessas.

AIM: to perform a systematic literature review of psychometric properties of the ASI. METHOD: were included studies indexed in the databases Pubmed, PsycInfo, Scielo and Lilacs, that approached studies of psychometric evaluation of quinine and sixth version of ASI. RESULTS: described in categories classified according to the number of methods of analysis, show manuscripts from different countries and in different contexts that used classic methods for the validation and reliability analyzes of the fifth and sixth version of ASI. Overall, both versions had good psychometric properties, although some areas, such as the “family” area, presented some limitations on reliability and internal consistency. Most studies show a moderate correlation between ASI summary scores and other instruments, not being uniformly high. However, the areas “alcohol” and “drugs” were the ones that presented the highest correlations with other instruments considered external measures. The analyzes supported the multidimensionality of ASI, however, with some exceptions. CONCLUSION: despite the limitations, ASI is used widely throughout the world by professionals from different fields, psychologists, nurses, social workers and psychiatrists. It has helped clinicians and researchers, contributing to the elaboration of a therapeutic plan, determining the clinical priorities, as well as the management of these.

OBJETIVO: realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre las propiedades psicométricas de ASI. MÉTODO: se incluyeron los estudios indexados en las bases de datos Pubmed, PsycInfo, Scielo y Lilacs, que abordaron los estudios de evaluación psicométrica de quinina y la sexta versión de ASI. RESULTADOS: descritos en categorías clasificadas según el número de métodos de análisis, muestran manuscritos de diferentes países y en diferentes contextos que utilizaron métodos clásicos para los análisis de validación y confiabilidad de la quinta y sexta versión de ASI. En general, ambas versiones tenían buenas propiedades psicométricas, aunque algunas áreas, como el área “familiar”, presentaban algunas limitaciones en cuanto a confiabilidad y consistencia interna. La mayoría de los estudios muestran una correlación moderada entre los puntajes de los resúmenes ASI y otros instrumentos, que no son uniformemente altos. Sin embargo, las áreas “alcohol” y “drogas” fueron las que presentaron las mayores correlaciones con otros instrumentos considerados medidas externas. Los análisis apoyaron la multidimensionalidad de ASI, sin embargo, con algunas excepciones. CONCLUSIÓN: a pesar de las limitaciones, el ASI se usa ampliamente en todo el mundo por profesionales de diferentes campos, psicólogos, enfermeras, trabajadores sociales y psiquiatras. Ha ayudado a clínicos e investigadores, contribuyendo a la elaboración de un plan terapéutico, determinando las prioridades clínicas y el manejo de estos.

Local anesthetic improves individuals affected with herpes simplex type 1 labialis.

Infections caused by the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), commonly called herpes simplex labialis (HSL), are a public health problem, reaching around 40% of the world's population. Thus, the search for effective therapeutic alternatives in the control of the limitations caused by this virus during the stages of evolution of the disease, is necessary, since they have a direct impact on the quality of life of the patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of the in situ film precursor semisolid composition in the treatment of herpes simplex lesions in human HSV-1. Ninety-eight (n = 98) patients with HSV-1 were used for this study. The initial exclusion criteria left 81 patients to be considered in the present study. Three applications were performed, the first at time zero (T0) and the other two at 8 and 16 hours, after initial application (T8 and T16). Photographs were taken in the first appointment and 24 and 72 hours after the last application. After the three periods, each patient received a total amount of 90 mg of anesthetic and the prognosis of the patients was followed for 6 months and 1 year after the application. Frequency analysis showed that 40.3% of patients had remission of symptoms 24 hours after the last application. For the present study, the film presented a positive therapeutic potential and an esthetic benefit that is absent in the current products (ointments and gels). The invent presents dosage convenience (only three applications in a 24-hour period) and a low production cost, with a much shorter healing time than that reported using topical antiretrovirals.

Maternal soy protein isolate diet during lactation programmes to higher metabolic risk in adult male offspring.

Soy consumption and its components, including its protein, are related to the beneficial effects of the lipid profile, decreased insulin resistance and glycaemia. However, the safety of the consumption of products containing phytoestrogens in critical stages of development has been questioned, since they may be associated with endocrine-metabolic dysfunctions in adult life. The purpose is to evaluate the effects of maternal dietary soy protein isolate (SPI) during lactation on the breast milk composition, body composition, lipid and glycaemic profiles, and thyroid hormones of dams and offspring at weaning (21 days) and in adulthood (150 days). Lactating rats were divided into casein control (C) and SPI diet groups. At 150 days, the SPI offspring presented lower body protein mass and total mineral content, higher serum FT4, insulin, TC and TG. Maternal consumption of SPI during lactation programmes the progeny to higher metabolic risk profile.

Topical pilocarpine for xerostomia in patients with head and neck cancer treated with radiotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a pilocarpine spray as a treatment for xerostomia in patients treated with radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck cancer (HNC). METHODS: This was a placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover clinical trial of patients complaining of dry mouth after RT for HNC. Forty patients were randomly assigned to either placebo or pilocarpine (1.54%) spray and instructed to use three times a day for 3 months. After 1-month washout period, patients were crossed over to receive placebo or pilocarpine. The assessments were salivary flow (Stimulated Whole Saliva Flow - SWSF), xerostomia (Xerostomia Inventory - XI), and quality of life (QoL/Oral Health Impact Profile - OHIP-14), assessed at baseline, 1 hr (only SWSF), and at 1, 2, and 3 months of treatment. RESULTS: Posttreatment SWFS was not statistically different between pilocarpine and placebo regardless of the treatment sequence (paired T test; p > .05), except for the SWFS rates at 2 months after therapy. When comparing pilocarpine with placebo in the time points, there was no significant difference (p > .05) for QoL or XI. Significant differences in improvement in QoL and xerostomia experience appeared along time for pilocarpine group. CONCLUSION: The topical application of pilocarpine spray tested was similar to placebo on SWSF assessments in patients treated with RT for HNC.

Phase Diagrams and Structural Characterization of Mixtures of Silicone Surfactants + Silicone Oils + Water.

Silicone surfactants display unique properties and are widely employed in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. In this work, we study water incorporation into silicone oils using silicone surfactants. Despite their importance, there are only a few studies reporting their phase equilibrium and structural characterization. Here, we determined the phase diagram of systems containing silicone oils, silicone surfactants, and water. In particular, we investigated the self-assembly behavior of two siloxane surfactants with the different hydrophilic-lipophilic balance: M(D'E7OH)M and MD18(D'3E18OAc)M and two silicone oils (cyclic oil-D4 and linear oil-MD15M). The phase behavior of the mixtures was investigated through optical inspection and structural characterization of aggregated states (microemulsions and mesophases) using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). These water-in-oil microemulsions or bicontinuous microemulsions incorporated a maximum amount of approximately 20 wt % water for the two surfactants with cyclic oil. A similar behavior was also identified with linear silicone oil, though with smaller water contents. We also observed the formation of anisotropic states, with a predominance of lamellar phases and a small region of a hexagonal phase. A quantitative analysis of the SAXS curves in the lamellar region reveals that this mesophase swells continuously after the addition of water lamellar periods ranging from 50 Å (with 18 wt % water) to 64 Å (with 40 wt % water). Our results confirm and expand the earlier literature on similar compounds, indicating their potential in incorporating water into silicone mixtures and forming interesting mesophases. Accompanying this characterization, we also report a comprehensive and systematic set of structural details for the different systems (microemulsions, bicontinuous phases and mesophases) formed by these mixtures, derived from the SAXS measurements.

Effect of Chitosan Dispersion and Microparticles on Older Streptococcus mutans Biofilms.

(1) Background: The effectiveness of chitosan to improve the action of antimicrobial compounds against planktonic bacteria and young biofilms has been widely investigated in Dentistry, where the biofilm lifecycle is a determining factor for the success of antibacterial treatment. In the present study, mature Streptococcus mutans biofilms were treated with chitosan dispersion (CD) or chitosan microparticles (CM). (2) Methods: CD at 0.25% and 1% were characterized by texture analysis, while CD at 2% was spray-dried to form CM, which were characterized with respect to particle size distribution, zeta potential, and morphology. After determining the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations, S. mutans biofilms were grown on glass slides exposed 8×/day to 10% sucrose and 2×/day to CD or CM at 0.25% and 1%. Biofilm viability and acidogenicity were determined, using appropriate control groups for each experiment. (3) Results: CD had high viscosity and CM were spherical, with narrow size distribution and positive zeta potential. CM affected bacterial viability and acidogenicity in mature S. mutans biofilms more strongly than CD, especially at 1%. (4) Conclusions: Both chitosan forms exerted antimicrobial effect against mature S. mutans biofilms. CM at 1% can reduce bacterial viability and acidogenicity more effectively than CD at 1%, and thereby be more effective to control the growth of mature biofilms in vitro.

Effect of an Experimental Formulation Containing Chlorhexidine on Pathogenic Biofilms and Drug Release Behavior in the Presence or Absence of Bacteria.

(1) Background: For any antibacterial oral formulation to be successful, it must present effects in the presence of biofilms. Therefore, our aim is to analyze the drug release and the antibiofilm effects of a semi-solid formulation containing chlorhexidine (CHX) in the presence of pathogenic biofilms. (2) Methods: The biofilms of Streptococcus mutans (n = 6) or Porphyromonas gingivalis (n = 3) were formed for 6 and 4 days, respectively, being exposed to: 1) a CHX system or 2) vehicle control without CHX. A group without treatment was included as negative control. The acidogenicity, CHX quantification and bacterial viability were determined. A dissolution assay in a buffer and culture medium in the absence of bacteria was also performed. (3) Results: Although the CHX quantification in the culture medium of both biofilms was lower compared to the buffer (p < 0.05) and the culture medium in the absence of bacteria, the CHX system was able to display antibiofilm effects until 96 h for the S. mutans biofilms (p < 0.05) and 72 h for the P. gingivalis biofilms (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: The experimental formulation is able to extend chlorhexidine effects, even in challenging conditions such as in the presence of bacteria, allowing the in vitro control of cariogenic biofilms for 4 days and periodontopathogenic biofilms for 3 days.

Respostas comportamentais e estratégias de enfrentamento de idosos no tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca / Respuestas comportamentales y estrategias de enfrentamiento de ancianos en el tratamiento de la insuficiencia cardíaca / Behavioral responses and strategies for the age of elderly persons in the heart failure treatment

Objetivo conhecer as respostas comportamentais e as estratégias de enfrentamento de idosos no tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca. Método estudo qualitativo, descritivo, fundamentado no referencial teórico de Callista Roy. Foram entrevistados 10 idosos acompanhados em um ambulatório de cardiologia em junho de 2015. Resultados na categoria respostas comportamentais dos idosos frente ao tratamento, encontrou-se problemas adaptáveis nos modos fisiológicos (oxigenação, atividade/repouso e nutrição), de autoconceito (desmotivação, tristeza, solidão e medo), de desempenho de papéis (perda do papel primário de pai, trabalhador) e de interdependência (apoio familiar e dos pares). Todavia, apresentaram alguns mecanismos de adaptação, como uso de lembretes ou caixa organizadora para as medicações, redução de alimentos industrializados e diminuição de sódio nos alimentos, redução de custos com o cadastro em farmácias populares. Conclusão os idosos, apesar de criarem alguns mecanismos de adaptação, ainda demonstraram falhas na condução do tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca, principalmente em relação à dieta e ao uso de medicamentos.

Objetivo conocer las respuestas comportamentales y estrategias de enfrentamiento de ancianos en el tratamiento de la insuficiencia cardíaca. Método estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, basado en el referencial teórico de Callista Roy. Fueron entrevistadas 10 personas adultas mayores acompañadas en una consulta de cardiología en junio de 2015. Resultados En la categoría de respuestas comportamentales de los ancianos, frente al tratamiento, se encontraron problemas adaptables en los modos fisiológicos (oxigenación, actividad/reposo y nutrición), de autoconcepto (desmotivación, tristeza, soledad y miedo), desempeño de papeles (pérdida del papel primario de padre, trabajador) e interdependencia (apoyo familiar y de los pares). Sin embargo, presentaron algunos mecanismos de adaptación, como uso de recordatorios o caja organizadora para medicaciones, reducción de alimentos industrializados y disminución de sodio en los alimentos, reducción de costos con registro en farmacias populares. Conclusión los ancianos, a pesar de crear algunos mecanismos de adaptación, señalaron fallas en la conducción del tratamiento de la insuficiencia cardíaca, principalmente en relación a la dieta y al uso de medicamentos.

Objective to know the behavioral responses and coping strategies of the elderly in the treatment of heart failure. Method This is a qualitative and descriptive study, based on the theoretical framework of Callista Roy. Ten elderly people were interviewed in a cardiology outpatient clinic in June 2015. Results in the category of elderly behavioral responses to treatment, adaptive problems were found in physiological modes (oxygenation, activity/rest and nutrition), self-concept (demotivation, sadness, loneliness and fear), role performance (loss of the primary role of father, worker) and interdependence (family and peer support). However, they presented some adaptation mechanisms, such as the use of reminders or an organizer for medications, reduction of processed foods and sodium in foods, and reduction of costs with registration in popular pharmacies. Conclusion despite the fact that some adaptation mechanisms were created, the elderly still showed deficiencies in the management of heart failure, especially in relation to diet and medication use.

Características sociodemográficas e psicossociais de trabalhadores relacionadas ao uso de álcool / Sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics of workers related to alcohol use

Introdução: O consumo abusivo de álcool acompanha os indivíduos durante a idade economicamente ativa, sendo a causa de diversos problemas no ambiente de trabalho. Objetivos: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a relação entre o consumo de álcool e características sociodemográficas e psicossociais de trabalhadores do setor metalúrgico. Material e Métodos: Foram selecionados, por conveniência, 104 dos 120 trabalhadores de uma empresa de médio porte do setor metalúrgico, sendo que, deste total dezesseis foram excluídos por não estarem presentes nos dias das entrevistas ou por falta de disponibilidade no dia da aplicação dos testes. Os instrumentos utilizados na coleta de dados foram: (1) o AUDIT (Alcohol Disorders Identification Test) para avaliar o padrão de consumo de álcool e comparar os funcionários usuários e não usuários de álcool; (2) a área médica do ASI6 (Addiction Severity Index 6), para associar outras questões de saúde com o uso de álcool; (3) o URICA (University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale), para analisar o estágio de motivação para mudança dos usuários de risco e (4) questionário de dados sociodemográficos e questões sobre o álcool, para descrever a amostra. Resultados: Os resultados demonstram que, quanto ao padrão de uso de álcool, 75% dos participantes pontuaram como uso de baixo risco de álcool, 21,2% como uso nocivo e 3,8% como dependência. Observou-se que a maioria da amostra afirmou ter consumido álcool nos últimos meses (61 trabalhadores/ 58,7%). Conclusão: Como a maioria dos funcionários entrevistados fazia uso de álcool e, destes, a maior parte fazia uso episódico excessivo do álcool, padrão denominado de binge drink, fica evidenciada a necessidade das empresas de investirem em programas de prevenção e tratamento, reduzindo os riscos de acidentes de trabalho e problemas como absenteísmo e queda de produtividade.

Introduction: Abusive alcohol consumption accompanies individuals during the economically active age, and is the cause of several problems in the work environment. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between alcohol consumption and sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics of workers in the metallurgical sector. Material and Methods: For convenience, 104 of the 120 employees of a medium-sized metalworking company were selected, of wich sixteen were excluded because they were not present on the days of the interviews or because of lack of availability on the day the tests were applied. The instruments used in data collection were: (1) the Alcohol Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) to evaluate the pattern of alcohol consumption and to compare alcohol users and non-alcohol users; (2) the medical area of the ASI6 (Addiction Severity Index 6), to associate other health issues with the use of alcohol; (3) URICA (University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale), to analyze the motivation stage for changing risk users, and (4) Sociodemographic and Alcohol Questionnaire to describe the sample. Results: The results show that 75% of the participants scored as low alcohol use risk, 21.2% as a harmful use and 3.8% as dependence. That the majority of the sample reported having consumed alcohol in the last months (61 workers / 58.7%). Conclusion: As most of the employees interviewed used alcohol, and most of them used excessive episodic alcohol, a pattern known as binge drink, the need for companies to invest in prevention and treatment programs was reduced, reducing the risks of accidents at work and problems such as absenteeism and drop in productivity.

Association between job satisfaction and alcohol use: a systematic review / Associação entre a satisfação no trabalho e uso de álcool: revisão sistemática / Asociación entre satisfacción en el trabajo y el uso de alcohol: revisión sistemática

Work is one of the main orienters of mental life, making it relevant to investigate the relationship between mental disorders, especially alcohol use, and job satisfaction. OBJECTIVE: To carry out a systematic review of scientific articles on job satisfaction and alcohol use. METHOD: Articles were searched in the databases MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, and Scopus, in the English, Spanish and Portuguese languages. The review was based on the PRISMA criteria, from 2008 to 2017. RESULTS: Evidence of a moderate positive correlation was found in cross-cutting, but that changes over time, and that the relationship between job satisfaction and use of alcohol is moderated by burnout, working conditions, job demand and control, relationship with the leader, social support and work climate. CONCLUSION: The results reaffirm the need to explore the theme to design intervention strategies in the context of work.

O trabalho é um dos principais orientadores da vida mental, tornando-se relevante investigar a relação entre transtornos mentais, sobretudo o uso de álcool, e satisfação no trabalho. OBJETIVO: Realizar revisão sistemática de artigos científicos sobre a satisfação no trabalho e o uso de álcool. MÉTODO: Foram pesquisados artigos nos bancos de dados MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science e Scopus, nas línguas inglesa, espanhola e portuguesa. A revisão embasou-se nos critérios do PRISMA, no período de 2008 a 2017. RESULTADOS: Encontraram-se evidências de correlação positiva moderada em recortes transversais, mas que se modificam ao longo do tempo, e constatou-se que a relação entre satisfação no trabalho e uso de álcool é moderada por burnout, condições de trabalho, demanda e controle do trabalho, relacionamento com o líder, suporte social e clima de trabalho. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados reafirmam a necessidade de explorar o tema para traçar estratégias de intervenção no contexto do trabalho.

Los factores que pueden influir en la satisfacción en el trabajo están presentes de diferentes formas y con repercusiones diversas. OBJETIVO: Realizar una revisión sistemática de artículos científicos sobre la satisfacción en el trabajo y el uso de alcohol en el período de 2008 a 2017. MÉTODO: Los artículos fueron investigados bases MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science y Scopus, en las lenguas inglesa, espanola y portuguesa. La La revisión se basó en los criterios del PRISMA. RESULTADOS: se encontraron evidencias de correlación positiva moderada en recortes transversales, pero que modifican a lo largo del tiempo, y que la relación entre satisfacción en el trabajo y uso de alcohol es moderada por burnout, condiciones de trabajo, demanda y control, relación con el líder, el apoyo social y el clima de trabajo. CONCLUSIÓN: Los resultados reafirmamos la necesidad de explorar el tema para trazar estrategias de intervención en el contexto del trabajo.

Maternal soybean diet during lactation alters breast milk composition and programs the lipid profile in adult male rat offspring.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of maternal dietary soybean during lactation on the milk composition, body composition, lipid profile and glucose homeostasis of dams and offspring at weaning (21 days) and adulthood (150 days). METHODS: Lactating rats were divided into: casein control (C): casein diet; soy (S): soybean diet; soy oil control (SOC): casein diet, but with fat content similar to the S group. RESULTS: At 21 days, S mothers showed lower estradiol, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and triglycerides (TG) in serum; and lower TC and TG in milk. The S offspring had lower body weight, body fat mass, TC, LDL, hyperleptinemia and hypertriglyceridemia. At 150 days, S offspring presented higher total mineral content and lower TC (v. SOC) and LDL (v. C and SOC), and hyperinsulinemia with lower glycemia v. SOC group, which had lower insulinemia with higher glycemia, TC and LDL. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal intake of soybeans in lactation changes the lipid content of breast milk and programmed offspring for phenotype of the lower metabolic risk, with lower serum TC and LDL, and seems to protect the progeny of alterations in glucose metabolism despite the higher lipid content. The difference in fat content of breast milk and the higher isoflavones content of soy diet are possible imprinting factors that could program the offspring.