Pain management in periodontal therapy using local anesthetics and other drugs: an integrative review.

Background: Surgical and non-surgical periodontal procedures often lead to postoperative pain. Clinicians use pharmacological methods such as anesthetics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and analgesics for relief. However, the multitude of options makes it challenging to select the best approach for routine dental care. Objective: This review aimed to describe previous studies regarding the pharmacological management used for pain control during periodontal procedures as well as factors that may interfere with patients' perception of pain. Methods: We included studies (period of 2000-2023, whose approach corresponded to the pharmacological protocols used for preoperative, trans-operative, and postoperative pain control in adult patients undergoing surgical and non-surgical periodontal therapy. Results: A total of 32 studies were included in the analysis, of which 17 (53%) were related to anesthetic methods and 15 (47%) were related to therapeutic protocols (anti-inflammatory/analgesic agents). These studies predominantly involved nonsurgical periodontal procedures. Studies have reported that factors related to age, type of procedure, and anxiety can influence pain perception; however, only seven of these studies evaluated anxiety. Conclusions: Numerous methods for pain control can be applied in periodontal therapy, which are accomplished through anesthetic methods and/or therapeutic protocols. Factors such as anxiety, age, and type of procedure are related to pain perception in patients. Thus, it is the responsibility of dentists to evaluate each clinical situation and define the best protocol to follow based on the literature.

COVID-19 hospitalized patients and oral changes: a case-control study.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between hospitalization for COVID-19 and oral changes, and to evaluate whether oral changes can indicate a higher risk of disease progression to death. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This case-control study analyzed patients hospitalized (university hospital), including those in intensive care unit and clinical wards. The study group comprised 69 COVID-19 positive patients (PCR-test), while the control group included 43 COVID-19 negative patients. A dentist performed oral evaluations, and salivary samples were collected for calcium, phosphatase, and pH analysis. Sociodemographic data, hospitalization information, and hematological test results were collected from electronic-medical records. The presence of oral changes was assessed using chi-square tests, and the predicted risk of death was analyzed using binary logistic regression. RESULTS: COVID-19 positive patients had a significantly higher prevalence of oral changes compared to COVID-19 negative patients. The presence of any oral changes in COVID-19 positive patients indicated a 13-fold higher risk of mortality. "Bleeding ulcers," "pressure ulcers," and "angular cheilitis" were significantly associated with hospitalization for COVID-19. CONCLUSION: There may be an association between hospitalization for COVID-19 and the development of oral changes, including bleeding ulcers, pressure ulcers. and angular cheilitis. These oral changes may serve as potential indicator for disease progression an increased risk of death. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: COVID-19 hospitalized patients have a higher prevalence of oral changes, which indicate an increased risk of mortality. Oral medicine staff should be included in multidisciplinary teams to detect and treat these oral changes promptly.

Brown spider (Loxosceles sp.) bite and COVID-19: A case report.

We present the case of a 32-year-old male patient hospitalized during the COVID-19 pandemic because of a Brown spider bite on his lower lip. The Brown spider accident occurred in southern Brazil; at hospital admission, the patient presented on his lip: edema, pustules, necrotic regions, and ulcerations. The patient complained of lower back pain, fever and dyspnea. Laboratory tests showed monocytosis, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, increased D-dimer levels, C-reactive protein, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, delta bilirubin, creatine phosphokinase, procalcitonin, and fibrinogen. The patient was hospitalized and a multi-professional team carried out the treatment. The medical team diagnosed loxoscelism with moderate changes. The dentist treated the oral cavity. The patient began to develop nausea, vomiting, and desaturation episodes during hospitalization. A computed tomography of the chest was performed, which showed signs of viral infection. The RT-PCR test for COVID-19 was positive. The systemic conditions worsened (renal dysfunction, systemic inflammatory response, pulmonary complications). This condition may have resulted from the association of the two diseases (loxoscelism and COVID-19), leading to the patient's death. This case illustrates the difficulties and risks in treating patients with venomous animal accidents during the pandemic, and the importance of a multi-professional team in treating such cases.

Dental management in the Intensive Care Unit in the treatment of toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with phenytoin: case report / Manejo odontológico na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva no tratamento da necrólise epidérmica tóxica associada a fenitoína: relato de caso

ABSTRACT Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) are adverse reactions, usually medicine-related, in which extensive and painful mucocutaneous lesions are formed. Oral lesions are characterized by the presence of erosions and ulcers. The treatment usually requires intensive care in a hospital setting, where the Dentist is essential in the multidisciplinary team, as he will act in the treatment of oral lesions. In this article, a 26-year-old female patient was reported, who presented TEN-compatible mucocutaneous lesions associated with the drug Phenytoin and required admission to a Teaching Hospital. The treatment consisted of the immediate suspension of the Phenytoin use and systemic therapy with corticosteroids and immunosuppressants. Oral lesions were monitored by the hospital dentistry team. The procedures adopted were: oral hygiene with 0.12% non-alcoholic Chlorhexidine Digluconate solution, hydration of the oral tissue with an essential fatty acid, application of frozen chamomile tea, and prescription of topical Triamcinolone Acetonide. Also, low-level laser therapy sessions (red and infrared) were performed. Oral lesions evolved with significant improvement. In this case, the importance of the Dentist in the multi-professional team is demonstrated. Although there is no protocol, the procedures used in the present case can be an alternative to therapies used in SSJ and TEN oral lesions.

RESUMO A Síndrome de Stevens Johnson (SSJ) e a Necrólise Epidérmica Tóxica (NET) são reações adversas, geralmente medicamentosas. Na pele, formam-se máculas que se tornam pápulas, vesículas e bolhas, além de eritema extenso e desprendimento da epiderme. As lesões bucais caracterizam-se pela presença de erosões e úlceras dolorosas. O tratamento geralmente é realizado em âmbito hospitalar, com necessidade de cuidados intensivos, onde o Cirurgião-dentista é fundamental na equipe multiprofissional, pois atuará na terapêutica das lesões bucais. Neste artigo foi relatado o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, de 26 anos, a qual apresentou lesões mucocutâneas compatíveis com NET associadas ao medicamento Fenitoína e necessitou de internamento em um Hospital Universitário. O tratamento realizado foi a suspensão imediata do fármaco desencadeador, além de terapia sistêmica com corticóide e imunossupressor. As lesões bucais foram acompanhadas pela equipe de odontologia hospitalar. As condutas adotadas foram: higiene bucal com solução de Digluconato de Clorexidina 0,12% não alcoólica, hidratação da mucosa bucal com Ácido Graxo Essencial, aplicação de raspas de chá de gelo de camomila e prescrição de Triancinolona Acetonida tópica. Além disso, foram realizadas sessões de laserterapia de baixa intensidade (vermelho e infravermelho). As lesões bucais evoluíram com melhora significativa. A paciente permaneceu internada durante 22 dias, sendo 12 em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Este caso demonstra a importância do Cirurgião-dentista na equipe multiprofissional. Apesar de não haver um protocolo para as lesões bucais, as condutas utilizadas no presente caso podem ser uma alternativa de terapêuticas utilizadas em lesões de SSJ e NET.

Atenção à Saúde Bucal de adolescentes em privação de liberdade do estado do Paraná / Oral Health Assistance to young law offenders in the state of Paraná

Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar a atenção à saúde bucal de adolescentes privados de liberdade nos Centros de Socioeducação (Cense) do Paraná por meio de abordagem quantiqualitativa. A coleta dos dados quantitativos foi baseada em um questionário estruturado com 25 questões encaminhado para todos os 19 Cense do estado. A etapa qualitativa contou com 4 questões abertas, direcionadas apenas aos Cense com cirurgiões-dentistas em seu quadro profissional (n=10). Os resultados demonstraram que, apesar dos adolescentes adentrarem às instituições necessitando de atendimento odontológico, dificultadores inviabilizam a prática do trabalho, como a insuficiência de equipamentos, insumos, recursos humanos e infraestrutura. Conclui-se que há necessidade de incluir as demandas odontológicas na rotina organizativa dos órgãos gestores destas instituições socioeducativas, assim como articular a rede de atenção em saúde bucal dos municípios por meio do Plano Operativo Estadual (POE) (AU).

The aim of this study was to identify the attention to oral healthcare of adolescents deprived of their freedom in the Socio-educational Centers (Cense) of the state of Paraná using a qualitative and quantitative approach. The quantitative data were obtained based on a 25-question structured questionnaire sent to all 19 centers in the state. The qualitative phase was structured with 4 open-ended questions directed only to centers with dental surgeons in their staff (n=10). Results showed that, even though the adolescents enter the institutions in need of dental care, some obstacles, such as shortage of equipment and materials, human resources and infrastructure make this unfeasible. It has been concluded that there is a need to include dental care demands in the organizational routine of the socio-educational centers' management, as well as to include the cities' oral healthcare network using the State Operating Plan (POE) (AU).