Biogeographic history and environmental gradients modulate non-stationary patterns of tropical tree diversity.

Here we studied the entire Atlantic Forest hotspot to investigate whether the effect of different environmental predictors depends on the phylogenetic extension and the biogeographical history of different Atlantic Forest sectors. We used occurrence data of 3,183 plant species with arboreal or arborescent habits. We reconstructed climatic stability across 120,000 years using the Random Forest method. Then, we compared the effect of biogeographical history, topographic, and climatic variables on species richness and phylogenetic diversity using Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) models. Niche conservatism drives the strength and direction of environmental correlates with tree diversity, interacting with the biogeographical and phylogenetic extension considered. Low current climate seasonalities were the main drivers of species richness and phylogenetic diversity variation across the Atlantic Forest. Whereas in higher phylogenetic extension, topographic heterogeneity increased the number of tree species independent of the sector, deep-past climate stability favored phylogenetic diversity by increasing relict lineages of distant clades in all forests, but with anomalies in the southern sector. This investigation yields substantial evidence that the response of the northern and southern sectors of the Atlantic Forest to identical environmental conditions diverges significantly, providing compelling support for the imprint of phylogenetic heritage in generating non-linear diversity patterns.

Risk and Protective Factors for the Use of Illicit Drugs: Perspective of the Users.

ABSTRACT: This article aimed to describe the perspective of people who make harmful use of illicit substances on the contributions of risk and protective factors to the development of problems related to drug use. One hundred eleven participants were recruited from a health service for drug users in a city in the interior of the state of São Paulo through posters with information, distribution of brochures, and snowball sampling technique. The sample consists of 51.9% men and 48.1% women, with 81.3% single and 10.3% married. Among them, 54.2% of participants completed high school, 64.1% were Catholic, and 34% rarely practiced their religion. The results on risk factors were classified into three domains, namely, "personal characteristics and behaviors," "family circumstances," and "other social pressures," and those on protective factors were also classified into three domains, namely, "personal characteristics and behaviors," "family circumstances," and "circumstances in the community." The data make it possible to guide the incorporation of multiple strategies to protect the consumption of illicit drugs in human biopsychosocial development, especially among children and adolescents.

Prevention of Illicit Drug use from the Users' Perspective.

This research described the perspective of illicit drug users regarding illicit drug use prevention initiatives. The study used a convergent parallel mixed methods design, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. In the quantitative component of the study, 111 subjects from a psychosocial care centre (CAPS-AD). The qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 11 subjects who were selected from among the participants and who declared themselves to be personally affected as being or having been illicit drugs users. From the perspective of drug users, the results pointed out different prevention initiatives and the institutions that should be responsible for them. For preventive actions to be successful, they must be intersectoral and involve government, community and families.

Prevention of Illicit Drug use from the Users' Perspective

This research described the perspective of illicit drug users regarding illicit drug use prevention initiatives. The study used a convergent parallel mixed methods design, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. In the quantitative component of the study, 111 subjects from a psychosocial care centre (CAPS-AD). The qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 11 subjects who were selected from among the participants and who declared themselves to be personally affected as being or having been illicit drugs users. From the perspective of drug users, the results pointed out different prevention initiatives and the institutions that should be responsible for them. For preventive actions to be successful, they must be intersectoral and involve government, community and families.

Esta investigación describió la perspectiva de los consumidores de drogas ilícitas con respecto a las iniciativas de prevención del consumo de drogas ilícitas. El estudio utilizó un diseño de métodos mixtos paralelos convergentes que combina métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos. En el componente cuantitativo del estudio, 111 sujetos de un centro de atención psicosocial (CAPS-AD). Los datos cualitativos se recogieron a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas con 11 sujetos que fueron seleccionados entre los participantes y que se declararon personalmente afectados por ser o haber sido consumidores de drogas ilícitas. Desde la perspectiva de los usuarios de drogas, los resultados señalaron diferentes iniciativas de prevención y las instituciones que deberían encargarse de ellas. Para que las acciones preventivas tengan éxito, deben ser intersectoriales e involucrar al gobierno, la comunidad y las familias.

General Beliefs About Illicit Drug Use and Stigma: Perspective of People Who Use Illicit Drugs.

People who use illicit drugs are continuously subjected to harsh stigmatization from society. This study explores the perspectives of people who use illicit drugs, specifically their general beliefs about illicit drug use and related stigma. A convergent parallel mixed methods design was used, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. The participants were recruited in a Psychosocial Care Centre (CAPSad) of a municipality in the state of Sao Paulo in Brazil. Findings revealed that illicit drug use can cause individual, family, professional and social difficulties, including problems with the law. The participants indicated they felt victimized by illicit drugs and their use, but also shared prejudicial and discriminatory views, highlighting self-stigmatizing perspectives. There is a need to develop intervention studies with a psychosocial approach on the use of illicit drugs, valuing the person's participation in the treatment, covering biomedical approaches, having in mind the social impact of illicit drugs and their use.

Morphology of immature stages, biological parameters and life table of Microtechnites bractatus (Hemiptera: Miridae) on different host plants

ABSTRACT The garden fleahopper, Microtechnites bractatus (Say) (Hemiptera: Miridae), is associated with several cultivated plant species and, despite its economic importance, little is known about its development and performance in such hosts. We described here, the morphology of immature stages, and evaluated the biology of M. bractatus in beans, potatoes, white clover, alfalfa, and wheat. The bioassays were carried out in the laboratory under controlled temperature (25±2ºC), humidity (UR70±15%), and photoperiod (12L:12D). The eggs of M. bractatus are elongated and slightly curved, without respiratory projections and light yellow in color, becoming dark at the end of the incubation period. Nymphs present an oval-shaped body, a reddish color that intensifies along with the development and dimorphic wing pads in the fifth instar. In the bioassays, the host plants influenced the biological aspects of M. bractatus, both in the immature and adult stages. Nymph survival was higher in clover and alfalfa, while in wheat, it was lower. Clover-fed insects had the longest longevity. The fecundity parameters and egg viability were favored in insects that fed on clover and alfalfa. The fertility life table showed that feeding M. bractatus with clover provides a higher net reproduction rate (R0) and a higher finite ratio of population increase (ʎ). This study contributes to bioecological and behavioral studies on M. bractatus and provides data for the recognition and characterization of individuals in the immature stage.

Prevention of Illicit Drug use from the Users' Perspective.

This research described the perspective of illicit drug users regarding illicit drug use prevention initiatives. The study used a convergent parallel mixed methods design, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. In the quantitative component of the study, 111 subjects from a psychosocial care centre (CAPS-AD). The qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 11 subjects who were selected from among the participants and who declared themselves to be personally affected as being or having been illicit drugs users. From the perspective of drug users, the results pointed out different prevention initiatives and the institutions that should be responsible for them. For preventive actions to be successful, they must be intersectoral and involve government, community and families.

Prática de exercício físico e cirurgia bariátrica: uma revisão de literatura / Práctica de ejercicio físico y cirugía bariátrica: revisión de la literatura / Physical exercise and bariatric surgery: a literature review

Introdução: A obesidade é uma doença caracterizada pelo aumento da gordura corporal, provocando alterações fisiopatológicas. Tratamentos que utilizam orientação nutricional, programa de atividade física e uso de fármacos antiobesidade têm sucesso na redução do peso em curto prazo. Caso não ocorram respostas aos tratamentos conservadores, as pessoas podem optar pelo tratamento cirúrgico. A cirurgia bariátrica é o método mais eficiente na redução da massa corporal em longo prazo e controle das doenças associadas ou agravadas pela obesidade. É recomendada para indivíduos com o IMC ≥ 35 na presença de comorbidades ou ≥ 40 sem a presença de outras patologias. Objetivo: Verificar o impacto do exercício físico no nível da capacidade funcional, qualidade de vida e alterações cardiometabólicas em indivíduos obesos submetidos ao exercício físico no pré e pós-operatório em cirurgia bariátrica. Método: Revisão de literatura sobre os aspectos relacionados aos exercícios físicos nos períodos pré e póscirúrgico em procedimentos bariátricos, realizada nas bases de dados do PUBMED, MEDLINE e SciELO entre 2010 e 2020. Foram selecionados estudos que abordaram qualidade de vida, capacidade funcional e cardiometabólica nos períodos pré e póscirúrgico. Resultados: A prática de exercícios auxilia na perda de gordura corporal, promove melhorias nos fatores de risco cardiometabólicos, na capacidade funcional e na qualidade de vida de indivíduos que estão aguardando ou já realizaram a cirurgia bariátrica. Conclusão: No entanto, ainda não se chegou a um consenso sobre o programa de exercício físico ideal para a população bariátrica, sendo necessária a realização de novos estudos com foco nos efeitos dos treinamentos de endurance e resistido.(AU)

Introduction: Obesity is a disease characterized by increased body fat, causing pathophysiological changes. Treatments that use nutritional guidance, physical activity program, and use of antiobesity drugs are successful in reducing weight in the short term. If there are no responses to conservative treatments, people may opt for surgical treatment. Bariatric surgery is the most efficient method for reducing body mass in the long term and controlling diseases associated or aggravated by obesity. It is recommended for individuals with BMI 35 in the presence of comorbidities or 40 without the presence of other pathologies. Objective: To verify the impact of physical exercise on the level of functional capacity, quality of life and cardiometabolic alterations in obese individuals who underwent physical exercise in the preoperative and postoperative stages of bariatric surgery. Method: Literature review on the aspects related to physical exercises in the pre and post-surgical periods in bariatric procedures performed in the databases of PUBMED, MEDLINE and SciELO between 2010 and 2020. Studies were selected that addressed quality of life, functional capacity, and cardiometabolics in the pre- and post-surgical periods. Results: The practice of exercises aids in the loss of body fat, promotes improvements in the cardiometabolic risk factors, in the functional capacity and in the quality of life of individuals who are waiting or have already performed bariatric surgery. Conclusion: However, a consensus on the ideal exercise program for the bariatric population has not yet been reached, and it is necessary to carry out new studies focusing on the effects of endurance and resistance training.(AU)

Introducción: La obesidad es una enfermedad caracterizada por un aumento de la grasa corporal, provocando cambios fisiopatológicos. Los tratamientos que utilizan orientación nutricional, un programa de actividad física y el uso de medicamentos contra la obesidad logran reducir el peso a corto plazo. Si no hay respuestas a los tratamientos conservadores, las personas pueden optar por un tratamiento quirúrgico. La cirugía bariátrica es el método más eficaz para reducir la masa corporal a largo plazo y controlar las enfermedades asociadas o agravadas por la obesidad. Se recomienda para individuos con IMC ≥ 35 en presencia de comorbilidades o ≥ 40 sin presencia de otras patologías. Objetivo: Verificar el impacto del ejercicio físico en el nivel de capacidad funcional, calidad de vida y cambios cardiometabólicos en individuos obesos sometidos a ejercicio físico en el período pre y postoperatorio en cirugía bariátrica. Método: Revisión de la literatura sobre los aspectos relacionados con el ejercicio físico en el período pre y posquirúrgico en procedimientos bariátricos realizados en las bases de datos de PUBMED, MEDLINE y SciELO entre 2010 y 2020. Se seleccionaron estudios que abordaron la calidad de vida, capacidad funcional y cardiometabólica en el pre y posquirúrgico. Resultados: La práctica de ejercicios ayuda en la pérdida de grasa corporal, promueve mejoras en los factores de riesgo cardiometabólico, en la capacidad funcional y en la calidad de vida de los individuos que se encuentran en espera o ya han sido sometidos a cirugía bariátrica. Conclusión: Sin embargo, aún no se ha llegado a un consenso sobre el programa de ejercicio ideal para la población bariátrica, lo que requiere más estudios que se centren en los efectos del entrenamiento de resistencia y resistencia.(AU)

Perspectives About Treatment Services From People Who Use Illicit Drugs.

The objective of the current study was to describe the perspectives of people who use illicit drugs regarding the availability and effectiveness of drug treatment services. A total of 111 participants with illicit drug use experience were recruited from an inner city community in São Paulo, Brazil. Treatment services were considered to be essential and necessary by the majority of participants, whereas general hospitals and mental health services were considered to be the most highly available treatment options for illicit drug use. Participants also indicated that treatment led to positive changes in their lives, highlighting the importance of drug treatment services for promoting the rights and responsibilities of people who use illicit drugs. Results support the need for services that value and respect the fundamental rights of people who use illicit drugs. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 58(4), 28-37.].

Effect of nanomaterial incorporation on the mechanical and microbiological properties of dental porcelain.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Dental porcelain restorations are subject to biological failures related to secondary caries and periodontal disease leading to prosthesis replacement. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to explore the microbiological and mechanical properties of dental porcelain incorporated with different percentages of silver vanadate (ß-AgVO3) through microbiological analysis, roughness tests, and the Vickers microhardness test. MATERIAL AND METHODS: IPS InLine porcelain specimens were made by using a cylindrical Teflon matrix in the dimensions of 8×2 mm. For the control group, the porcelain was manipulated according to the manufacturer's instructions. The groups incorporating the nanomaterial were prepared with 2.5%, 5%, and 10% of ß-AgVO3, which was added proportionally by mass to the porcelain powder. In vitro microbiologic analysis, roughness tests, and the Vickers microhardness test were performed. RESULTS: Against Streptococcus mutans, the control group showed no inhibition halo (0 mm). All groups with AgVO3 showed a zone of inhibition, the highest for the group with 10% (30 mm) and then the groups with 2.5% (9 mm) and 5% (17 mm). For Vickers microhardness, no statistically significant difference (P<.05) was observed between the evaluated groups. The group with 10% of AgVO3 had the highest mean roughness and was statistically different (P<.001) from the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Adding ß-AgVO3 to dental porcelain demonstrated antimicrobial effectiveness at all concentrations (2.5%, 5%, and 10%), with no effect on Vickers microhardness. The 10% group had higher roughness than the other groups.

New occurrences of Anastrepha Schiner (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil / Novas ocorrências de Anastrepha Schiner (Diptera: Tephritidae) no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil

Occurrences of Anastrepha barbiellinii Lima, Anastrepha connexa Lima, Anastrepha consobrina (Loew), Anastrepha kuhlmanni Lima, Anastrepha leptozona Hendel, and Anastrepha xanthochaeta Hendel are recorded for the first time in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The species were captured in McPhail traps baited with hydrolyzed protein (5%) in orchards of cultivated species and in a remnant of the Atlantic Forest in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, or obtained from the collection of species deposited in the Regional Museum of Entomology (UFVB) of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Viçosa, in the state of Minas Gerais.(AU)

Ocorrências de Anastrepha barbiellinii Lima, Anastrepha connexa Lima, Anastrepha consobrina (Loew), Anastrepha kuhlmanni Lima, Anastrepha leptozona Hendel e Anastrepha xanthochaeta Hendel são registradas pela primeira vez no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. As espécies foram capturadas em armadilhas do tipo McPhail com um atrativo alimentar de proteína hidrolisada (5%) em três pomares de espécies cultivadas e um remanescente de Mata Atlântica no município de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, ou obtidas por meio de levantamento de espécies de Tephritidae depositadas no Museu Regional de Entomologia (UFVB) da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Viçosa, estado de Minas Gerais.(AU)

Oral Rehabilitation of a Child with Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia.

Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a genetic condition characterized by abnormal development of two or more structures of the ectoderm, such as skin, hair, nails, teeth, or sweat glands. The most common dental anomalies are oligodontia and anodontia but taurodontism has also been described. These patients present a decrease of alveolar bone volume and alveolar ridge tapering due to congenitally missing teeth. The purpose of this report is to describe the case of a six-year-old girl diagnosed with HED who presented with conical teeth, taurodontic molars, and multiple agenesis that decreased the patient's self-esteem and social interactions. The proposed treatment was to accomplish an oral rehabilitation that was functional, provided the patient with the ability for correct mastication, good esthetics, and comfort, using restorations and devices that did not interfere with the child's orofacial growth and development. (J Dent Child 2019;86(3):158-63).

Plant bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae) associated with pastures in Colombia.

Eight species of the family Miridae found in Colombian pastures belong to four genera: Collaria, Cynodonmiris, Neotropicomiris and Stenodema. All species are included in the tribe Stenodemini and are associated with Poaceae grasses. Diagnosis, keys to species and genera, and distribution in Colombian regions as well as the principal host of these species are presented. Habitus and male genital structures illustrations for each species are provided to facilitate their recognition.

General Beliefs and Stigma Regarding Illicit Drug Use: Perspectives of Family Members and Significant Others of Drug Users in an Inner City in Brazil.

People who use drugs are continuously subjected to harsh stigmatization through a process of relational and social degradation, which limits their possibility for recovery. This quantitative study explores the perspectives of family members or significant others of illicit drug users, regarding general beliefs about illicit drug use and their stigma. Respondents agree that most people do not trust people who use drugs, disregard individuals who have been hospitalized due to drug problems and do not think people who use drugs are as intelligent as the general population. These findings reveal a high level of public stigma regarding illicit drug use.

Venous Shunt Versus Venous Ligation for Vascular Damage Control: The Immunohistochemical Evidence.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the expression of immunohistochemical markers of tissue ischemia (iNOS, eNOS, and HSP70) in a vascular damage control experimental model to determine if a venous temporary vascular shunt insertion leads to a better limb perfusion when compared with the ligature of the injured vein. METHODS: Experimental study in male Sus Scrofa weighting 40 Kg. Animals were distributed into 5 groups: group 1 animals were submitted to right external iliac artery (EIA) shunting and right external iliac vein (EIV) ligation; group 2 animals were submitted to right EIA shunting and right EIV shunting; group 3 animals were submitted to right EIV ligation; group 4 animals were submitted to right EIV shunting; group 5 animals were not submitted to vascular shunting or venous ligation. Transonic Systems flowmeters were used to measure vascular flow on right and left external iliac vessels, and i-STAT (Abbot) portable blood analyzer was used for EIVs blood biochemical analysis. An initial baseline register of invasive arterial pressure, iliac vessels flow, and venous blood analysis was performed. Arterial pressure and iliac vessels flow were taken immediately after right iliac vessels shunting or ligation. Then, hemorrhagic shock was induced by continuous 20 mL/min blood withdraw from the external right jugular vein whereas arterial blood pressure and iliac vessels flow registers were taken every 10 min, and blood samples from EIVs were obtained every 30 min until the vascular flow through right EIA (or through the shunt inserted into the right EIV for group 4 animals) became inexistent or until the animal's death. After the end of the experiments, bilateral hind limb's biopsies were obtained for immunohistochemical analysis. Using image editing and analysis software, the expression of iNOS, eNOS, and HSP70 (3 well-known ischemic associated immunohistochemical markers) was assessed. The mean expression of each marker in the right hind limb was compared between groups. For statistical analysis, Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and BioEstat 5.0 (2007) were used. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical analysis showed no difference regarding the iNOS expression; nevertheless, both eNOS and HSP70 expression were statistically more intense (P < 0.05) on group 1 (eNOS = 1.32; HSP70 = 15.05) than on group 2 (eNOS = 0.018; HSP70 = 8.56). CONCLUSIONS: The higher expression of eNOS and HSP70 in the right hind limbs of group 1 animals (arterial shunt and venous ligature) than group 2 animals (arterial shunt and venous shunt) suggests that venous ligation is associated with more intense ischemic histological findings than venous shunting.

Two new species of genus Joruma McAtee (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) from Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil.

Joruma abernardesi sp.nov. and Joruma phrolfsi sp.nov. (Typhlocybinae: Jorumini) are described based on specimens from Mata do Paraíso, an Atlantic Forest reserve located at Viçosa municipality. This is the first record of the genus Joruma McAtee in Minas Gerais State, southeastern Brazil.

Mobilização precoce em pacientes críticos / Early mobilization in critical patients

Objetivo ­ Identificar os efeitos e as repercussões da mobilização precoce em pacientes críticos na reabilitação e no tempo de permanência da internação. Métodos ­ Este trabalho é uma revisão de literatura baseada em dados eletrônicos: MedLine, LILACS, BIREME, PubMed e SciELO. Resultados ­ Atualmente fala-se sobre a mobilidade precoce em pacientes críticos, pois a prolongada internação em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) gera problemas como imobilidade, descondicionamento físico e fraqueza muscular. A mobilização precoce é a base para a recuperação funcional, pois otimiza o transporte de oxigênio, mantém força muscular, reduz efeitos do imobilismo, a permanência na UTI e promove melhora na qualidade de vida após alta hospitalar. Esse procedimento será seguro e viável quando as barreiras encontradas como sedação, analgesia e bloqueio neuromuscular forem cessadas ou diminuídas, visto que contribuem para o agravamento dos resultados clínicos. O ortostatismo, a eletroestimulação neuromuscular, mudança de decúbito, mobilização passiva e deambulação são algumas das estratégias para realização do procedimento e exigem mudanças na unidade durante o período de adaptação da equipe. É fundamental saber quais as repercussões e controvérsias sobre a mobilização precoce em pacientes da UTI. Conclusão ­ A mobilização precoce em pacientes críticos gera benefícios físicos, psicológicos, evita riscos gerados pela hospitalização prolongada, acelerando a recuperação e reduzindo a incidência sobre complicações pulmonares e musculoesqueléticas. Mais estudos ainda são necessários sobre protocolos para o procedimento e quais os efeitos causados.

Objective ­ Identify the effects and repercussions of early mobilization critical patients in rehabilitation and time of permanence in the hospital. Methods ­ This research is a literature based on electronic data: Medline, LILACS, BIREME, PubMed and SciELO. Results ­ Currently there is talk about the early mobility critical patients because prolonged hospitalization in intensive care units (ICU) generates problems such as immobility, deconditioning and muscle weakness. Early mobilization is the base for functional recovery, because it optimizes the transport of oxygen, maintains muscle strength, reduces effects of immobility, the permanence in the ICU and promotes improvement in quality of life after hospital discharge. This procedure is safe and feasible when barriers found as sedation, analgesia and neuromuscular blockade cessed or been reduced, since contribute to worsening of clinical outcomes. The orthostatism, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, change of decubitus, passive mobilization and deambulation are some strategies for the procedure and require changes in the unit during the adjustment period of the team. It's essential to know what the repercussions and controversy on early mobilization of patients in ICU. Conclusion ­ Early mobilization in critical patients generates benefits physical, psychological, avoids risks generated by prolonged hospitalization, accelerating recovery and reducing the incidence of pulmonary complications and musculoskeletal. More studies are needed on protocols for the procedure and what the effects caused.

Biogeography and areas of endemism of Prepops Reuter (Heteroptera: Miridae)

Resumen Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) es una de las familias de insectos más ricas en especies, con alrededor de 11 100 especies descritas. Mirinae es la mayor subfamilia y sus endemismos se hacen evidentes desde el nivel de tribu hacia abajo. La tribu Restheniini (Mirinae) se encuentra en América, con la mayor parte de su diversidad en el Neotrópico. Prepops Reuter es el mayor género de Restheniini con 198 especies, con un rango de distribución similar al de la tribu. Los estudios sobre distribución y áreas de endemismo en Miridae son escasos, y no existen para Prepops. Aquí se analizan todos los registros geográficos de Prepops (707 registros de 181 especies) con el objetivo de identificar patrones de diversidad y áreas de endemismo, usando análisis de redes. Los datos de localidad se asignaron usando especímenes de museo y registros geográficos en la literatura. Además usamos datos de distribución para proponer preferencias de hábitat y variables geoclimáticas importantes para cada grupo de especies co-ocurrentes. Los resultados indican una alta riqueza específica en las regiones subtropicales, mientras que la faja tropical y las altas latitudes aparecen empobrecidas. La región Neotropical presenta 86 % de las especies, la Neártica alrededor del 11 % (pero con mayores rangos específicos de distribución). La región Andina casi no posee registros del género. Veintitrés áreas de endemismo (y dos díadas), formadas por 2 o más especies endémicas se encuentran en la región Neártica (3), la zona de transición Mexicana/subregión Caribe (5), y la zona de transición Sudamericana/ subregiones Amazónica, Chaqueña y Paranaense (15). La superposición de algunas áreas indica regiones con elevada riqueza específica y con una historia compleja. La falta de registros en la región Andina (excepto para P. nigrus en el sur de Patagonia) y la dominancia de especies estrictamente neotropicales (86 %) apoyan la hipótesis del origen neotropical para la tribu Restheniini. La conformación general de los grupos de especies co-ocurrentes de Prepops muestra una estrecha correlación con las regiones y subregiones biogeográficas conocidas. Entre las características ecofisiográficas más comunmente asociadas con los registros geográficos de Prepops se encuentran, en orden de importancia: bosques de hoja ancha (húmedos y secos), pastizales y hábitats xéricos.

AbstractThe Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) are one of the most species rich families of insects, with about 11 100 described species. Mirinae is the largest subfamily and its endemism becomes evident at the tribal level and below. Mirines of the tribe Restheniini are found throughout America, with most of the diversity confined to the Neotropics. Prepops Reuter is the largest genus in Restheniini with 198 described species and its geographical range is similar to that of the tribe. The study of the distribution and areas of endemism in Miridae are scarce and non-existent for Prepops. We analyzed all the geographic records of Prepops (707 records for 181 species) in order to identify diversity patterns and areas of endemism, using network analysis. Locality data were assigned using museum specimens and geographic records in the literature. Additionally we used spatial data to propose habitat preferences and geoclimatic variables important for each group of co-occurring species. The results indicate high species richness in subtropical regions, while the tropical belt and high latitudes appear impoverished. The Neotropical region contains 86% of the species, and the Nearctic about 11 % (but with larger species ranges); the Andean region is sparingly represented. Twenty-three areas of endemism (and two diads), formed by 2 or more endemic species, are distributed in the Nearctic (3), Mexican Transition Zone and Caribbean subregion (5), South American Transition Zone and Amazonian, Chacoan and Paranaense subregions (15). Overlap between some of the areas indicates regions with high species richness and complex history. The lack of records from the Andean region (except for P. nigrus in Southern Patagonia) and dominance of strictly Neotropical species (86 %) supports the hypothesis of a Neotropical origin for the tribe Restheniini. The general arrangement of the units of co-occurrence of Prepops species shows a close correlation with known biogeographic regions and subregions. Broad physiographic characteristics most commonly associated with Prepops geographical records are, in order of importance: broad leaf forests (wet and dry), grasslands and xeric habitats. Rev. Biol. Trop. 64(1): 17-31. Epub 2016 March 01.

Biogeography and areas of endemism of Prepops Reuter (Heteroptera: Miridae).

The Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) are one of the most species rich families of insects, with about 11 100 described species. Mirinae is the largest subfamily and its endemism becomes evident at the tribal level and below. Mirines of the tribe Restheniini are found throughout America, with most of the diversity confined to the Neotropics. Prepops Reuter is the largest genus in Restheniini with 198 described species and its geographi- cal range is similar to that of the tribe. The study of the distribution and areas of endemism in Miridae are scarce and non-existent for Prepops. We analyzed all the geographic records of Prepops (707 records for 181 species) in order to identify diversity patterns and areas of endemism, using network analysis. Locality data were assigned using museum specimens and geographic records in the literature. Additionally we used spatial data to propose habitat preferences and geoclimatic variables important for each group of co-occurring species. The results indicate high species richness in subtropical regions, while the tropical belt and high latitudes appear impover- ished. The Neotropical region contains 86% of the species, and the Nearctic about 11 % (but with larger species ranges); the Andean region is sparingly represented. Twenty-three areas of endemism (and two diads), formed by 2 or more endemic species, are distributed in the Nearctic (3), Mexican Transition Zone and Caribbean sub- region (5), South American Transition Zone and Amazonian, Chacoan and Paranaense subregions (15). Overlap between some of the areas indicates regions with high species richness and complex history. The lack of records from the Andean region (except for P. nigrus in Southern Patagonia) and dominance of strictly Neotropical spe- cies (86 %) supports the hypothesis of a Neotropical origin for the tribe Restheniini. The general arrangement of the units of co-occurrence of Prepops species shows a close correlation with known biogeographic regions and subregions. Broad physiographic characteristics most commonly associated with Prepops geographical records are, in order of importance: broad leaf forests (wet and dry), grasslands and xeric habitats.

Uso de álcool e condições de saúde de motoristas de caminhão / Alcohol use and health conditions among truck drivers / Uso de alcohol y condiciones de salud de conductores de camión

O estudo teve por objetivo identificar o uso do álcool e as condições de saúde de motoristas de caminhão participantes de uma campanha de saúde. O desenho metodológico é do tipo descritivo, na abordagem quantitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada, entre agosto e outubro de 2006, em uma rodovia do interior paulista, por meio de um questionário contendo informações sociodemográficas, Teste de Identificação do Uso de Álcool (AUDIT) e informações sobre condições de saúde. De 1087 participantes, 827 eram motoristas de caminhão, predominantemente do sexo masculino, de cor branca, casados, com baixo nível de escolaridade, católicos. Os resultados apontaram um conjunto de riscos associados em motoristas que pontuaram acima de 8 pontos no AUDIT, além de apresentarem níveis pressóricos, glicêmicos e de colesterol acima dos valores normais, bem como sobrepeso e obesidade. A identificação precoce dos problemas é uma alternativa válida para aaplicação de ações preventivas para essa população.

This study aimed to identify the alcohol use and the health condition of truck drivers participating in a health campaign. The methodological design is an descriptive of the quantitative approach. Data collection was conducted between August and October 2006 on a highway in São Paulo State, Brazil, by means of a questionnaire containing demographic information, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and health conditions issues. Among 1087 participants, 827 were truck drivers, predominantly male, adult, white, and married, with low level of education and Catholic religion. The results pointed out a list of risks among drivers who scored more than eight points in the AUDIT, who had high blood pressure, glucose and cholesterol levels above normal, and overweight and obesity. Early identification of both problems is a valid alternative to the implementation of preventive actions to this population.

El estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar el consumo de alcohol y las condiciones de salud de los conductores de camiones que participan en una campaña de salud. El diseño del estudio es de tipo descriptivo, en el enfoque cuantitativo. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo, entre agosto y octubre de 2006, en una carretera en São Paulo, Brasil, por medio de un cuestionario que contiene información sociodemográfica, Test de Identificación de Trastornos debido al Consumo de Alcohol (AUDIT) e informaciones sobre las condiciones de salud. De 1087 participantes, 827 eran conductores de camiones, predominantemente masculinos, blancos, casados, con bajo nivel de educación y religión católica. Los resultados mostraron puntuaciones de riesgos asociados a los conductores que obtuvieron una puntuación por encima de 8 puntos en la prueba de AUDIT, además de presentar los niveles de presión arterial, glucosa y colesterol por encima del normal, y sobrepeso y obesidad. La identificación temprana de los problemas es una alternativa válida para la aplicación de medidas preventivas para esa población.