Genome-Scale Characterization of Fungal Phytases and a Comparative Study Between Beta-Propeller Phytases and Histidine Acid Phosphatases.

This work intended to prospect new phytase-producing organisms. In silico genomic analyses allowed the selection of twelve potential phytase-producing fungi. Based on gene sequence, it was possible to identify four well-defined groups of phytate-degrading enzymes: esterase-like, ß-propeller phytases (ßPP), phosphoglycerate mutase-like, and phytases of the histidine acid phosphatases (HAP) family. Analysis of the predicted genes encoding phytases belonging to the HAP family and ßPP phytases and in silico characterization of these enzymes indicated divergence among the catalytic activities. Predicted fungal ßPP phytases exhibited higher molecular mass (around 77 kDa) probably due to the epidermal growth factor-like domain. Twelve sequences of phytases contained signal peptides, of which seven were classified as HAP and five as ßPP phytases, while ten sequences were predicted as phytases secreted by non-classical pathways. These fungi were grown in liquid or semi-solid medium, and the fungal enzymatic extracts were evaluated for their ability to hydrolyze sodium phytate at 50 °C and pH ranging from 2.0 to 9.0. Seven fungi were identified as phytase producers based on phosphate release under enzyme assay conditions. Results obtained from in silico analyses combining experimental enzymatic activities suggest that some selected fungi could secrete ßPP phytases and HAP phytases.

Qualidade de ovos de codorna submetidos ou não a tratamento superficial da casca armazenados em diferentes ambientes / Quality of quail eggs submitted or no to surface treatment of the shell stored in different environments

With the aim of evaluating the quality of eggs of Japanese quail treated superficially, by immersion in mineral oil or propolis solution, simultaneous experiments were conducted in two environments, without refrigeration (Experiment 1) and with refrigeration (Experiment 2). For each experiment, were selected 360 intact eggs distributed in a completely randomized design in factorial 3 x 5 (untreated eggs; eggs immersed in propolis or eggs immersed in mineral oil, evaluated for five storage times: 7; 14; 21; 28 and 35 days), each treatment consisted of four replicates of six eggs each. The eggs had increased weight loss, decrease in specific gravity and growth the weight and the pH of the yolk, besides the reduced the pH of the albumen and their respective weight with advancing storage time in the absence of cooling (Experiment 1), whether treated or not in the shell. However, the surface treatment with mineral oil promoted protection against progressive loss of weight and decreased specific gravity, making them less intense with advancing the storage period without refrigeration. In the Experiment 2, the immersion of eggs in mineral oil promoted less weight loss, higher specific weight, greater weight of the yolk and the albumen during storage under refrigeration. The quality of quail eggs submitted of treatment superficial on shell by immersion in mineral oil is preserved for up to five weeks under different environments, with and without refrigeration.

Com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade de ovos de codornas japonesas tratados superficialmente, através de imersão em óleo mineral ou solução de própolis, foram conduzidos experimentos simultâneos em dois ambientes, sem refrigeração (Experimento 1) e com refrigeração (Experimento 2). Para cada experimento, foram selecionados 360 ovos íntegros distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 x 5 (ovos não tratados; ovos imersos em solução de própolis e ovos imersos em óleo mineral, avaliados durante cinco tempos de armazenamento: 7; 14; 21; 28 e 35 dias), cada tratamento foi composto por seis repetições de quatro ovos cada. Os ovos apresentaram aumento da perda de peso, diminuição do peso específico e aumento do peso e do pH da gema, além de redução do pH do albúmen e de seu respectivo peso com o avançar do tempo de estocagem na ausência de refrigeração (Experimento 1), independente se receberam ou não tratamento na casca. Entretanto, o tratamento superficial com óleo mineral promoveu proteção contra essa perda progressiva de peso e diminuição do peso específico, tornando-as menos intensas com o avançar do período de estocagem sem refrigeração. No Experimento 2, a imersão dos ovos em óleo mineral conferiu menor perda de peso, maior peso específico, maior peso de gema e de albúmen durante o armazenamento sob refrigeração.A qualidade de ovos de codornas submetidos a tratamento superficial da casca por imersão em óleo mineral é preservada por até cinco semanas em diferentes ambientes, sem e com refrigeração.

Qualidade de ovos de codorna submetidos ou não a tratamento superficial da casca armazenados em diferentes ambientes / Quality of quail eggs submitted or no to surface treatment of the shell stored in different environments

With the aim of evaluating the quality of eggs of Japanese quail treated superficially, by immersion in mineral oil or propolis solution, simultaneous experiments were conducted in two environments, without refrigeration (Experiment 1) and with refrigeration (Experiment 2). For each experiment, were selected 360 intact eggs distributed in a completely randomized design in factorial 3 x 5 (untreated eggs; eggs immersed in propolis or eggs immersed in mineral oil, evaluated for five storage times: 7; 14; 21; 28 and 35 days), each treatment consisted of four replicates of six eggs each. The eggs had increased weight loss, decrease in specific gravity and growth the weight and the pH of the yolk, besides the reduced the pH of the albumen and their respective weight with advancing storage time in the absence of cooling (Experiment 1), whether treated or not in the shell. However, the surface treatment with mineral oil promoted protection against progressive loss of weight and decreased specific gravity, making them less intense with advancing the storage period without refrigeration. In the Experiment 2, the immersion of eggs in mineral oil promoted less weight loss, higher specific weight, greater weight of the yolk and the albumen during storage under refrigeration. The quality of quail eggs submitted of treatment superficial on shell by immersion in mineral oil is preserved for up to five weeks under different environments, with and without refrigeration.(AU)

Com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade de ovos de codornas japonesas tratados superficialmente, através de imersão em óleo mineral ou solução de própolis, foram conduzidos experimentos simultâneos em dois ambientes, sem refrigeração (Experimento 1) e com refrigeração (Experimento 2). Para cada experimento, foram selecionados 360 ovos íntegros distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 x 5 (ovos não tratados; ovos imersos em solução de própolis e ovos imersos em óleo mineral, avaliados durante cinco tempos de armazenamento: 7; 14; 21; 28 e 35 dias), cada tratamento foi composto por seis repetições de quatro ovos cada. Os ovos apresentaram aumento da perda de peso, diminuição do peso específico e aumento do peso e do pH da gema, além de redução do pH do albúmen e de seu respectivo peso com o avançar do tempo de estocagem na ausência de refrigeração (Experimento 1), independente se receberam ou não tratamento na casca. Entretanto, o tratamento superficial com óleo mineral promoveu proteção contra essa perda progressiva de peso e diminuição do peso específico, tornando-as menos intensas com o avançar do período de estocagem sem refrigeração. No Experimento 2, a imersão dos ovos em óleo mineral conferiu menor perda de peso, maior peso específico, maior peso de gema e de albúmen durante o armazenamento sob refrigeração.A qualidade de ovos de codornas submetidos a tratamento superficial da casca por imersão em óleo mineral é preservada por até cinco semanas em diferentes ambientes, sem e com refrigeração.(AU)