A Comparison of the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome According to Different Definitions in Climacteric Women.

Background: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) varies according to the different definitions available for clinical practice. The study aimed to estimate and compare the prevalence of MS according to the definitions of the American Heart Association (AHA)/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHBI), International Diabetes Federation (IDF), and Joint Interim Statement (JIS) in a sample of climacteric women in Brazil. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study, using a probabilistic sampling by clusters, involved 874 climacteric women. Clinical and anthropometric variables were acquired while fasting, and MS was defined according to three recommendations. To define the agreement between different definitions on MS, we calculated the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of MS based on AHA/NHBI and IDF in relationship to the JIS definition. Results: The prevalence of MS was 56.9% according to the AHA/NHBI definition, 61.6% by the IDF, and 64.8% by the JIS definition, without statistical significance. When prevalence of MS was stratified by climacteric stages, the ability of the different definitions identifying MS was also similar among groups. It was observed that the MS definition proposed by AHA/NHBI identified 87.4% of MS cases from the total cases diagnosed by JIS, with agreement levels by the Kappa index of 0.835. The IDF detected 95.3% of MS cases compared to the JIS definition and the agreement level was 0.934. Conclusions: The study indicates a high prevalence of MS in climacteric women regardless of the definition used (AHA/NHBI, IDF e JIS). We did not observe significant divergences between definitions.

Validity and precision of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire for climacteric women using computational intelligence techniques.

This study aimed to evaluate the validity and precision of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) for climacteric women using computational intelligence techniques. The instrument was applied to 873 women aged between 40 and 65 years. Considering the proposal to regroup the set of data related to the level of physical activity of climacteric women using the IPAQ, we used 2 algorithms: Kohonen and k-means, and, to evaluate the validity of these clusters, 3 indexes were used: Silhouette, PBM and Dunn. The questionnaire was tested for validity (factor analysis) and precision (Cronbach's alpha). The Random Forests technique was used to assess the importance of the variables that make up the IPAQ. To classify these variables, we used 3 algorithms: Suport Vector Machine, Artificial Neural Network and Decision Tree. The results of the tests to evaluate the clusters suggested that what is recommended for IPAQ, when applied to climacteric women, is to categorize the results into two groups. The factor analysis resulted in three factors, with factor 1 being composed of variables 3 to 6; factor 2 for variables 7 and 8; and factor 3 for variables 1 and 2. Regarding the reliability estimate, the results of the standardized Cronbach's alpha test showed values between 0.63 to 0.85, being considered acceptable for the construction of the construct. In the test of importance of the variables that make up the instrument, the results showed that variables 1 and 8 presented a lesser degree of importance and by the analysis of Accuracy, Recall, Precision and area under the ROC curve, there was no variation when the results were analyzed with all IPAQ variables but variables 1 and 8. Through this analysis, we concluded that the IPAQ, short version, has adequate measurement properties for the investigated population.

Abdominal obesity and association with sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical data in climacteric women assisted in primary care.

This study aims to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with abdominal obesity in climacteric women assisted at Family Health Strategy units of the city of Montes Claros, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. It is a cross-sectional analytical study. The women were selected by probabilistic sampling from August 2014 to August 2015. A questionnaire containing information referring to sociodemographic and economic characteristics, behavioral characteristics and clinical data was used. To estimate abdominal obesity, the measure of circumference ≥ 88 cm was considered. To analyze the association between abdominal obesity and the independent variables, a bivariate analysis was performed by means of Pearson's chi-square test (p≤0.25). Subsequently, a multiple Poisson regression analysis with robust variance was performed, through which prevalence ratios with level of significance of 5% (p<0.05) were obtained. A total of 805 women were evaluated, aged 40 to 65 years, and the prevalence of women with abdominal obesity was 62.4%. The mean and median of abdominal circumference were 93.0 cm. The associated variables were being sedentary (PR = 1.44) or irregularly active (PR = 1.39), presenting altered total cholesterol (PR = 1.21), and being hypertensive (PR = 1.31). The abdominal obesity in climacteric women was associated with physical inactivity, total cholesterol and arterial hypertension. The measurement of abdominal circumference must be valued and adopted in the routine of professionals who work in Primary Care.

Correction: Health conditions associated with overweight in climacteric women.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218497.].

Health conditions associated with overweight in climacteric women.

This study aims to investigate the association between health conditions and overweight in climacteric women assisted by primary care professionals. It is a cross-sectional study conducted with 874 women from 40 to 65 years of age, selected by probabilistic sampling between August 2014 and August 2015. In addition to the outcome variable, overweight and obesity, other variables such as sociodemographic, reproductive, clinical, eating and behavioural factors were evaluated. Descriptive analyses of the variables investigated were performed to determine their frequency distributions. Then, bivariate analyses were performed through Poisson regression. For the multivariate analyses, hierarchical Poisson regression was used to identify factors associated with overweight and obesity in the climacteric period. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 74%. Attending public school (PR: 1.30-95% CI 1.14-1.50), less schooling (PR: 1.11-95% CI 1.01-1.23), gout (PR: 1.18-95% CI 1.16-1.44), kidney disease (PR: 1.18-95% CI 1.05-1.32), metabolic syndrome (MS) (PR: 1.19-95% CI 1.05-1.34) and fat intake (PR: 1.12-95% CI 1.02-1.23) were considered risk factors for overweight. Having the first birth after 18 years of age (PR: 0.89-95% CI 0.82 to 0.97) was shown to be a protective factor for overweight and obesity. The presence of overweight and obesity is associated with sociodemographic, reproductive, clinical and eating habits.

Índice de Masa Corporal y factores asociados en mujeres climátericas / Índice de Massa Corporal e fatores associados em mulheres climatéricas / Body Mass Index and associated factors in climacteric women

Objetivo: Identificar la asociación del índice de masa corporal con factores sociodemográficos, estilo de vida, los hábitos alimentarios, mediciones antropométricas y factores clínicos de mujeres climatéricas asistidos en las Estrategias de Salud de Montes Claros. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio epidemiológico transversal, analítico, con una muestra de 874 mujeres perimenopáusicas seleccionadas por muestreo aleatorio simple. Los datos sociodemográficos, estilo de vida, los hábitos alimentarios y los factores clínicos, obstetricia y ginecología se recogieron a través de cuestionarios estandarizados, además de realizar la evaluación antropométrica. El análisis bivariante se realizó mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron una alta prevalencia de la obesidad (36,0%) y el sobrepeso (38,1%), así como las asociaciones de índice de masa corporal con el tipo de escuela que asistió (p = 0,009), el tabaquismo (p = 0,023 ), el tratamiento para la pérdida de peso (p = 0,000), las mediciones antropométricas (p = 0,000) y los factores clínicos (p = 0,000). Conclusión: Se concluye que las intervenciones educativas para corregir o mejorar el perfil antropométrico pueden resultar en beneficios para la salud de las mujeres climatéricas, ya que la presencia de la obesidad y el sobrepeso fue alta, y los hábitos de estilo de vida, antropométricas y factores clínicos asociados presentes para que la morbilidad (AU)

Objetivo: Identificar a associação do Índice de Massa Corporal com os fatores sociodemográficos, hábitos de vida, hábitos alimentares, medidas antropométricas e fatores clínicos das mulheres climatéricas assistidas nas Estratégias da Saúde de Montes Claros. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico transversal, analítico, com a amostra composta por 874 mulheres climatéricas selecionadas por meio de sorteio aleatório simples. Os dados sociodemográficos, hábitos de vida, hábitos alimentares e fatores clínicos, obstétricos e ginecológicos foram coletados por meio de questionários padronizados, além da realização de avaliação antropométrica. A análise bivariada foi realizada por meio do teste qui-quadrado. Resultados: Os resultados apontaram prevalência elevada de obesidade (36,0%) e sobrepeso (38,1%), bem como associações do índice de massa corporal com o tipo de escola que frequentou (p=0,009), tabagismo (p=0,023), tratamento para perda de peso (p=0,000), medidas antropométricas (p=0,000) e fatores clínicos (p=0,000). Conclusão: Conclui-se que intervenções educativas visando corrigir ou melhorar o perfil antropométrico poderão resultar em benefícios relativos à saúde da mulher climatérica, uma vez que a presença da obesidade e sobrepeso foi elevada, além de hábitos de vida, fatores antropométricos e clínicos apresentarem associados a essa morbidade (AU)

Goal: To identify the association between body mass index and sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, eating habits, anthropometric measurements and clinical factors of climacteric women assisted in Health Strategies of Montes Claros. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, analytical epidemiological study with a sample of 874 perimenopausal women selected by simple random sampling. Sociodemographic data, lifestyle, eating habits, and clinical, obstetrical and gynecological factors were collected through standardized questionnaires, in addition to performing anthropometric assessment. The bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test. Results: The results showed high prevalence of obesity (36.0%) and overweight (38.1%), as well as associations between body mass index and the the type of school attended (p = 0.009), smoking (p = 0.023), treatment for weight loss (p = 0.000), anthropometric measurements (p = 0.000) and clinical factors (p = 0.000). Conclusion: We conclude that educational interventions to correct or improve the anthropometric profile may result in benefits for the health of climacteric women, since the presence of obesity and overweight was high, and lifestyle habits, anthropometric and clinical factors present themselves associated to morbidity (AU)