Clareamento associado de dente com calcificação distrófica: relato de caso clínico / Association of in-office and at-home whitening techniques for tooth with dystrophic calcification: case report

A técnica de clareamento dental vem sendo considerada pela literatura científica como um dos métodos mais seguros e eficazes para clarear os dentes e recuperar a estética sem envolver desgaste da estrutura dental. Diante disso, o clareamento dental tem sido amplamente difundido e é considerado o protocolo de eleição para os pacientes previamente ao início do tratamento restaurador. Evidências científicas têm demostrado resultados satisfatórios de clareamento dental em dentes com diversas etiologias, desde escurecimento fisiológico até casos em que, tradicionalmente, algumas alterações de cor eram tratadas somente com técnicas restauradoras. Este trabalho apresenta um caso clínico de alteração de cor do incisivo central superior com diagnóstico de calcificação pulpar, em que se obteve resultado satisfatório com a técnica de clareamento dental

Tooth bleaching therapy is being considered by the scientific literature as one of the most secure, simple and effective way of whitening teeth and restore esthetics without involving wear of the tooth structure. Thus, bleaching has been widely used is considered the treatment of choice for patients, previous to restorative treatment. Scientific evidence has shown satisfactory results fter whitening teeth discolored from several etiologies, ranging from physiological darkening to cases where, traditionally, some color changes were only treated with restorative techniques. This paper showed a case report of a discolored maxillary right central incisor which presented calcification of the coronary pulp after radiographic examination. The chosen treatment was the association of two bleaching techniques

Polimorfismos no gene paraoxonase 1 como preditores de eventos cardiovasculares em pacientes com doença coronária estável / Paraoxonase1 gene polymorphisms as predictors of cardiovascular events in stable coronary artery disease

Os polimorfismos do gene da paraoxonase 1 (PON1) estão relacionados ao metabolismo lipídico conferindo efeito marginal e modesto nas concentrações séricas das lipropoteínas e sobre o risco de desenvolvimento de doença arterial coronária (DAC). O objetivo primário deste estudo é avaliar se há associação entre os polimorfismos da PON1: R192Q- rs662, R160G: rs13306698, Leu55Met: rs854560, Promoter_161: rs705381 e rs3917464 e eventos cardiovasculares em 5 anos numa sub-população com DAC estável do estudo MASS II (Medical, Angioplasty or Surgery Study II). Como objetivos secundários, investigamos a influência destes polimorfismos nas concentrações lipídicas iniciais e após 5 anos de acompanhamento, e também a sua relação com os desfechos cardiovasculares combinados no grupo randomizado para tratamento clínico exclusivo. Foram randomizados 611 pacientes para o MASS II. A população alvo deste estudo foi constituída por 518 pacientes que tiveram material genético coletado (MASS II Genético). Os polimorfismos avaliados, apesar de estarem associados ao metabolismo do HDL-c, apresentaram baixa associação com os níveis lipídicos e com o seu comportamento ao longo de 5 anos. Houve diferença nas concentrações médias de HDL-c entre os genótipos do Promoter_161, o alelo T associado a concentrações mais baixas de HDL-c (p=0,0369). Análise univariada mostrou que houve associação entre o raro alelo G do polimorfismo R160G (5 pacientes) e aumento da mortalidade, porém quando incluído no modelo ajustado por regressão logística multivariada não se mostrou preditor independente de óbito nesta população. Na análise do grupo randomizado para o tratamento médico, o polimorfismo R192Q está associado de forma independente ao novo infarto agudo do miocárdio, óbito, e eventos combinados. Genótipo GG aumentou o risco de óbito em 7,69 vezes (IC: 1.65- 35.76) e de IAM em 6,58 vezes (IC: 1.39- 30.46) quando comparado ao genótipo AA. Alelo A estava independentemente associado...

Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene polymorphisms have a known relation with lipid metabolism, conferring a marginal and modest effect on serum lipoprotein concentrations and also on development of coronary artery disease (CAD). The primary objective of this study is to investigate the association between PON1 polymorphisms: R192Q- rs662, R160G: rs13306698, Leu55Met: rs854560, Promoter_161: rs705381, and rs3917464 and 5-year follow-up cardiovascular events in a subpopulation with stable CAD from MASS II (Medical, Angioplasty or Surgery Study II). Secondary objectives will be to evaluate the influence of these polymorphisms on baseline and 5-year follow-up lipid concentrations and also its association with combined cardiovascular events in the MASS II group randomized for medical treatment. MASS II had 611 patients randomized. Target population comprises 518 patients who had genetic material sampled. Even though the polymorphisms were linked to HDL-c metabolism, there was a low association with lipid levels and changes over the 5-year follow-up. HDL-c mean concentrations were different in the Promoter_161 genotypes, T-allele was associated with lower levels (p=0.0369). Univariate analysis showed association between the rare G-allele of polymorphism R160G (5 patients) and increased mortality, but when adjusted in the multivariate logistic regression model this variable was not independent predictor of mortality in this population. In the medical treatment group, r192Q is associated with new myocardium infarction (MI), combined events and death. When compared to AA genotype, GG genotype increased the risk of death by 7.69 (CI: 1.65- 35.76) and of MI by 6.58 (CI: 1.39- 30.46). A-allele is independently associated with combined cardiovascular events with a OR of 3.03 (CI: 1.29- 7.07). In conclusion, this study showed association between G-allele on R160G position with increased mortality in patients with stable CAD. ...

[The prevalence of diabetes and stress hyperglycemia in the acute myocardial infarction patients]. / Avaliação da prevalência do diabetes e da hiperglicemia de estresse no infarto agudo do miocárdio.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate in our population the real prevalence of diabetes (DM) and stress hyperglycemia (HE) in patients with myocardial infarction (IAM) admitted in a cardiologic emergency unit. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 2262 patients with AMI evaluating the prevalence of DM (referred and diagnosed) and stress hyperglycemia. RESULTS: Besides 12.1% of subjects were previously referred to be diabetic (men: 10.7% and women: 15.8%), diabetes was effectively diagnosed in 24.8% (M: 22.9%, W: 29.7%) and stress hyperglycemia in 13.6% HE of the patients (M: 14.3%, W: 11,7%) indicating that glycemic alterations were effectively observed in 37.2.% of the patients with IAM (M: 37.2%, W: 41.4%). In DM subjects IAM events occurred earlier, total intra-hospital mortality was higher (DM: 20.7%, ND: 13.8%, HE: 13.4%) and less surgical procedures were performed (ND 33.8%, DM: 21.7%, HE: 18.0%). CONCLUSION: The elevated DM and stress hyperglycemia prevalence observed in our study indicates that glycemic alterations is one of the most important risk factors for IAM.

Avaliação da prevalência do diabetes e da hiperglicemia de estresse no infarto agudo do miocárdio / The prevalence of diabetes and stress hyperglycemia in the acute myocardial infarction patients

OBJETIVOS: Determinar a prevalência do diabetes melito (DM) e da hiperglicemia de estresse (HE) em pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) admitidos em unidade de emergência cardiológica. MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva de 2.262 pacientes com IAM, avaliando, além da prevalência de diabetes referido, o diagnosticado e a hiperglicemia de estresse. RESULTADOS: Apesar de referido em 12,1 por cento dos pacientes (H: 10,7 por cento, M: 15,8 por cento), o DM ocorria efetivamente em 24,8 por cento (H: 22,9 por cento, M: 29,7 por cento) e a HE em 13,6 por cento (H: 14,3 por cento, M: 11,7 por cento) dos indivíduos dessa população. Portanto, alterações glicêmicas ocorreram em 37,4 por cento dos indivíduos com IAM (H: 37,2 por cento, M: 41,4 por cento). Nos pacientes com DM, observou-se maior precocidade etária do IAM, maior prevalência de óbitos (DM: 20,7 por cento, ND:13,8 por cento, HE: 13,4 por cento) e de procedimentos cirúrgicos (ND: 33,8 por cento, HE: 18,0 por cento, DM: 21,7 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: A elevada prevalência de DM e hiperglicemia de estresse observada em nosso estudo indica que as alterações glicêmicas constituem um dos mais importantes fatores de risco para o IAM.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate in our population the real prevalence of diabetes (DM) and stress hyperglycemia (HE) in patients with myocardial infarction (IAM) admitted in a cardiologic emergency unit. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 2262 patients with AMI evaluating the prevalence of DM (referred and diagnosed) and stress hyperglycemia. RESULTS: Besides 12,1 percent of subjects were previously referred to be diabetic (men: 10.7 percent and women: 15.8 percent), diabetes was effectively diagnosed in 24,8 percent (M: 22,9 percent, W: 29,7 percent) and stress hyperglycemia in 13,6 percent HE of the patients (M: 14,3 percent, W: 11,7 percent) indicating that glycemic alterations were effectively observed in 37.2. percent of the patients with IAM (M: 37,2 percent, W: 41,4 percent). In DM subjects IAM events occurred earlier, total intra-hospital mortality was higher (DM: 20.7 percent, ND: 13,8 percent, HE: 13,4 percent) and less surgical procedures were performed (ND 33.8 percent, DM: 21.7 percent, HE: 18.0 percent). CONCLUSION: The elevated DM and stress hyperglycemia prevalence observed in our study indicates that glycemic alterations is one of the most important risk factors for IAM.

Investigation of the tolerability of oral stevioside in Brazilian hyperlipidemic patients

The tolerability of stevioside (2.75 mg/kg/day) obtained from leaves of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert) Bertoni (Compositae) was investigated in hyperlipidemic patients. For this purpose a placebo controlled double blind study was performed. The patients were randomized in two groups: the first group received capsules containing placebo and the second group received capsules containing stevioside (50 mg) during 90 days. All capsules were ingested twice daily, i.e., 2 capsules before lunch and 2 capsules before dinner. After the selection of the patients and each 30 days body mass index and laboratory tests (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, triglycerides and glucose) were performed. Stevioside did not show any clinical relevant modification in all parameters investigated. Moreover the patients did not report severe adverse effect. Thus, we can concluded that stevioside, at least in the doses employed in this study was safe.

A tolerabilidade do esteviosideo (2.75 mg/kg/dia) obtido a partir de folhas de Stevia rebaudiana (Bert) Bertoni (Compositae) foi investigada em pacientes hiperlipidêmicos. Para alcançar este objetivo realizamos estudo clínico do tipo duplo cego. Os pacientes foram randomizados em 2 grupos: o primeiro recebeu cápsulas contendo placebo e o segundo recebeu cápsulas contendo esteviosídeo (50 mg). Foram ingeridas duas cápsulas antes do almoço e duas cápsulas antes do jantar durante 90 dias. Após a seleção dos pacientes e a cada 30 dias o índice de massa corpórea e exames laboratoriais (alanina aminotransferase, aspartato aminotransferase, gama-glutamiltransferase, colesterol total, lipoproteína de alta densidade, lipoproteína de baixa densidade, lipoproteína de muito baixa densidade, trigliceridemia e glicemia) foram realizados. O esteviosídeo não acarretou qualquer alteração clinicamente relevante nos parâmetros investigados. Além disso, os pacientes não relataram efeitos adversos severos. Assim, podemos concluir que o esteviosídeo, na dose empregada neste estudo é seguro, embora não apresente efeito hipolipemiante.

Investigation of the antihypertensive effect of oral crude stevioside in patients with mild essential hypertension.

The antihypertensive effect of crude stevioside obtained from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni (Compositae) on previously untreated mild hypertensive patients was examined. Patients with essential hypertension were submitted to a placebo phase for 4 weeks. The volunteers selected in this phase were randomly assigned to receive either capsules containing placebo during 24 weeks or crude stevioside 3.75 mg/kg/day (7 weeks), 7.5 mg/kg/day (11 weeks) and 15.0 mg/kg/day (6 weeks). All capsules were prescribed twice a daily (b.i.d.), i.e. before lunch and before dinner. After the placebo phase and after each dose of crude stevioside, body mass index, electrocardiogram and laboratory tests were performed. During the investigation blood pressure (BP) was measured biweekly and the remaining data were collected at the end of each stevioside dose step. All adverse events were prospectively recorded but no major adverse clinical effects were observed during the trial. Systolic and diastolic BP decreased (p < 0.05) during the treatment with crude stevioside, but a similar effect was observed in the placebo group. Therefore, crude stevioside up to 15.0 mg/kg/day did not show an antihypertensive effect. Moreover, the results suggest that oral crude stevioside is safe and supports the well-established tolerability during long term use as a sweetener in Brazil.

Comparative effects of Stevia rebaudiana leaves and stevioside on glycaemia and hepatic gluconeogenesis.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of the oral treatment (gavage) with Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Bertoni (SRB) and stevioside (STV) on glycaemia and gluconeogenesis of 15-h fasted rats. For this purpose, the rats received SRB (20 mg/kg x day), STV (5.5 mg/kg x day) or an equal volume of water (controls) during 15 days. To measure hepatic gluconeogenesis, liver perfusion and isolated hepatocytes were used. Glycaemia and gluconeogenesis from L-alanine (5 mM), L-glutamine (5 mM) and L-lactate (2 mM) were decreased (P < 0.05) after pre-treatment with SRB. However, the treatment with STV did not influence glycaemia and gluconeogenesis. Moreover, to get further information about the mechanism by which SRB leaves inhibit gluconeogenesis their potential role as a PPARgamma agonist was investigated. The data showed absence of activation of PPARgamma receptors. In summary, our results showed that the reduction of glycaemia promoted by the treatment with SRB leaves was mediated, at least in part, by an inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis. However, this effect did not involve stevioside and the activation of PPARgamma receptors.