Perfil epidemiológico de cirurgias em serviço de urgência e emergência / Epidemiological profile of surgery in emergency service

RESUMO: Introdução: A encefalite viral é uma condição com altas taxas de morbimortalidade, e um melhor entendimento de sua epidemiologia pode colaborar para a construção de estratégias de prevenção e controle. Diante disso, este estudo se propôs a traçar um perfil epidemiológico para a encefalite viral no Brasil no ano de 2018 a partir de dados de internações hospitalares no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Métodos: Estudo ecológico de análise espacial. Os dados estudados foram relativos às internações hospitalares por encefalite viral no SUS em 2018, estratificadas por unidade da federação (UF), sexo e faixa etária. A distribuição geográfica foi abordada exploratoriamente, já as variáveis sexo e faixa etária foram abordadas analiticamente. Resultados: Foram registradas 2075 internações, com taxa de 0,99/105 habitantes. As taxas para cada UF foram representadas a partir de um mapa colorimétrico, enquanto as taxas para cada sexo e faixa etária foram representadas em uma tabela comparativa univariada. Discussão: Observou-se ampla variação numérica das taxas de internação dentre as UF, sendo Pernambuco o estado com maior incidência (4,13/105 habitantes) e Paraíba o estado com menor (0,29/105 habitantes). Foi constatada associação significativa com o risco de internação hospitalar por encefalite viral para o sexo masculino e para as faixas etárias de 1 a 4 anos (RR: 3,28) e menores de 1 ano (RR: 6,02). Conclusão: UF, gênero e faixa etária foram determinantes importantes da taxa de internação hospitalar por encefalite viral. Todavia, carecem de estudos atuais no Brasil e no mundo para a melhor caracterização da epidemiologia da encefalite viral. (AU)

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Viral encephalitis is a condition with high morbidity and mortality rates, and a better understanding of its epidemiology may contribute to the construction of prevention and control strategies. For this reason, this study aimed to draw an epidemiological profile for viral encephalitis in Brazil in 2018 from data on hospitalizations in the Unified Health System (SUS). Methods: Ecological study of spatial analysis. The data studied were hospitalizations for viral encephalitis in SUS in 2018, stratified by federation unit (FU), gender, and age group. The geographical distribution was approached in an exploratory way, whereas gender and age variables were analytically addressed. Results: There were 2075 hospitalizations, with a rate of 0.99/105 inhabitants. The rates for each FU were represented in a colorimetric map, whereas the rates for each sex and age group were exemplified in a univariate comparative table. Discussion: There was a wide numerical variation in hospitalization rates among the FUs, with Pernambuco being the state with the highest incidence (4.13/105 inhabitants) and Paraíba with the lowest (0.29/105 inhabitants). A significant association was found with the risk of hospitalization for viral encephalitis for males and the ages from 1 to 4 years (RR: 3.28) and under one year (RR: 6.02). Conclusion: FU, gender, and age group were important determinants of the hospitalization rate due to viral encephalitis. However, current studies are needed in Brazil and worldwide to better characterize the epidemiology of viral encephalitis. (AU)

Gestante com Covid-19 submetida à cesariana por sofrimento fetal: primeiro relato de caso descrito no Brasil / Pregnant with Covid-19 submitted to cesarian for fetal suffering: first case report described in Brazil

A COVID-19 pode provocar um quadro respiratório agudo e sua sintomatologia varia de leve a crítica, culminando, às vezes, com à morte. Em relação às grávidas, existem poucas informações, relata-se, portanto o primeiro caso descrito no Brasil de uma gestante de 19 anos, que apresentava dispneia, hipóxia, tosse produtiva e febre, sendo diagnosticada com COVID-19. Após a evolução para a síndrome respiratória aguda grave foi submetida a cesárea de urgência devido a insuficiência respiratória materna e sofrimento fetal agudo. Após o parto, a parturiente foi encaminhada a unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) e mantida sob ventilação pulmonar com parâmetros elevados. No décimo dia de internamento na UTI, houve progressão da insuficiência respiratória, coagulação vascular disseminada e hemorragia pulmonar que culminou com o óbito. Em função da gravidade, o recém-nascido (RN) foi entubado e encaminhado a unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal, onde apresentou melhora progressiva, sendo suspenso o oxigênio no vigésimo dia de vida. O RN recebeu alta hospitalar 29 dias após a internação, sem alteração no estado clínico geral. No presente estudo o parto cesariano mostrou-se seguro, ficando o RN isento de contaminação do SARS-CoV-2, ainda que, em sofrimento fetal os cuidados intensivos foram eficientes culminando com boa evolução e alta hospitalar.

COVID-19 can cause an acute respiratory condition and its symptoms vary from mild to critical, sometimes culminating in death. Regarding pregnant women, there is little information, therefore, the first case reported in Brazil of a 19-year-old pregnant woman, who had dyspnea, hypoxia, productive cough and fever, being diagnosed with COVID-19. After progressing to severe acute respiratory syndrome, she underwent an emergency cesarean section due to maternal respiratory failure and acute fetal distress. After delivery, the parturient was referred to the intensive care unit (ICU) and kept under pulmonary ventilation with high parameters. On the tenth day of admission to the ICU, there was a progression of respiratory failure, disseminated vascular coagulation and pulmonary hemorrhage that culminated in death. Depending on the severity, the newborn (NB) was intubated and sent to the neonatal intensive care unit, where he showed progressive improvement, with oxygen being suspended on the 20th day of life. The NB was discharged from the hospital 29 days after admission, with no changes in general clinical status. In the present study, cesarean delivery proved to be safe, leaving the newborn free from SARS-CoV-2 contamination, even though, in fetal distress, intensive care was efficient, culminating in a good evolution and hospital discharge.

Impact of primary hyperhidrosis on the life of physical education academics of a university in the Brazilian Northeast

Abstract Aim: To assess the prevalence, quality of life (QoL), and the damages caused by PH, in the professional and personal scope of Physical Education academics with Primary Hyperhidrosis (PH). Methods: A descriptive, exploratory, qualitative and quantitative cross-sectional study was carried out. Twenty-five students from the physical education course at Tiradentes University, Aracaju-SE, were interviewed from August to November 2017. Validated questionnaires were used on PH's influence in academic activities and QoL. absolute and relative frequencies in the case of categorical variables and measures of trend and central variability in the case of numerical variables. Results: The prevalence of PH in students of Physical Education was 11.11%, mainly in combined sites, such as palmoplantar, and with no difference between the sexes. The symptoms started mostly during childhood and adolescence. Most of the interviewees (92%) reported difficulties with activities such as sports, use of personal protective equipment, handling of work equipment and instruments, and exacerbation in stress situations. They reported significant harm to QoL in situations of greeting people with handshakes, writing, wearing socks and dancing socially. Conclusion: Although PH is a disease that negatively impacts the QoL, it is still little known in the academic world with little demand for medical help. Therefore, it is necessary greater dissemination of the disease for its early diagnosis, related to the intensity of the sweating for a better therapeutic approach.

Alcohol consumption and factors associated with binge drinking among female university students of health area / Consumo de alcohol y factores asociados al binge drinking entre las universitarias de la salud / Consumo de álcool e fatores associados ao binge drinking entre universitárias da área de saúde

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the pattern of alcohol consumption and the prevalence and factors associated with binge drinking among university students of health-related courses in Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed of 865 female students from two universities in the Brazilian Northeast. The instruments used were the AUDIT and a questionnaire used to collect sociodemographic data. The chi-square test and logistic regression were used, with statistical significance set at p-value < 0.05. Results: Risky alcohol consumption was evidenced in 16.4%, while the prevalence of binge drinking was 48.0%. Binge drinking was strongly associated with drunk driving (OR = 12.24) and living in a conflicting family environment (OR = 6.33). Binge drinking was a constant in students who engaged in fights, those who had problems with the law and among smokers. Conclusion: The high prevalence of risky alcohol consumption, binge drinking and the association of these with risky behaviors in students serve to guide future public policies on prevention.

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar el patrón de consumo de alcohol, la prevalencia y los factores asociados al binge drinking entre estudiantes universitarias en el área de salud en Aracaju/SE. Métodos: Estudio transversal con 865 mujeres estudiantes de dos universidades del Nordeste brasileño. Los instrumentos fueron el AUDIT y las características sociodemograficas. Se utilizó la Chi-cuadrada y regresión logística, con nivel de significancia de 0,05. Resultados: El patrón de consumo de riesgo se muestra en el 16,4%, mientras que la prevalencia del binge drinking fue de 48,0% y fue también más fuertemente asociada con conducir en estado etílico (OR = 12,24) y vida familia conflictiva (OR = 6,33). La borrachera fue constante entre las estudiantes que participaron en peleas con agresión física o problemas con la ley y entre las fumadoras. Conclusión: La alta prevalencia de consumo de riesgo, binge drinking y su asociación con comportamientos de riesgos entre académicas sirven para orientar las futuras políticas públicas preventivas.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar o padrão de consumo alcoólico e a prevalência e fatores associados ao binge drinking entre universitárias da área de saúde em Aracaju/SE. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 865 estudantes do sexo feminino de duas universidades do Nordeste brasileiro. Os instrumentos foram o AUDIT e um questionário com características sociodemográficas. Empregou-se Qui-quadrado e regressão logística, com nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados: O consumo de risco foi evidenciado em 16,4%, enquanto a prevalência do binge drinking foi de 48,0%, e esteve mais fortemente associada com dirigir alcoolizada (OR = 12,24) e conviver em ambiente familiar conflituoso (OR = 6,33). O binge drinking foi constante entre as alunas que se envolveram em brigas com agressão física, problemas com a lei e entre tabagistas. Conclusão: A elevada prevalência do consumo de risco, binge drinking e a associação destes com comportamentos de risco entre as acadêmicas servem para orientar futuras políticas públicas preventivas.

Effect of aqueous extract of the leaves of Baccharis trimera on the proliferation of hepatocytes after partial hepatectomy in rats.

PURPOSE:: To evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Baccharis trimera leaves on the proliferative capacity of the liver after partial hepatectomy (PH) in rats. METHODS:: Twenty Wistar rats weighing between 300 and 450g were divided into two groups: control (HP) and test (HP100-rats that received the aqueous extract of Baccharis trimera for four days at a dose of 100 mg / kg / day). On the fifth day, animals from both groups underwent resection of 70% of the liver. Twenty-four hours later, they were sacrificed and the remnant liver was removed and prepared for studied through PCNA immunohistochemistry. Data analysis for comparison between the two groups was made through the non-parametric statistical test Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS:: In all the animals studied was found most abundant nuclear immunostaining positive hepatocytes interlobular located in regions of the liver. Quantitative analysis of PCNA-positive cells revealed positivity rate significantly higher mean (p = 0.02) in HP100 group (77.1 ± 13.6) compared to the HP group (45.8 ± 12.9). CONCLUSION:: DAdministration of aqueous extract of the leaves of Baccharis trimera 100 mg/kg of animal has a significant positive effect on liver regeneration in rats, 24 hours after hepatectomy (70%).

Effect of aqueous extract of the leaves of Baccharis trimera on the proliferation of hepatocytes after partial hepatectomy in rats

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Baccharis trimera leaves on the proliferative capacity of the liver after partial hepatectomy (PH) in rats. Methods: Twenty Wistar rats weighing between 300 and 450g were divided into two groups: control (HP) and test (HP100-rats that received the aqueous extract of Baccharis trimera for four days at a dose of 100 mg / kg / day). On the fifth day, animals from both groups underwent resection of 70% of the liver. Twenty-four hours later, they were sacrificed and the remnant liver was removed and prepared for studied through PCNA immunohistochemistry. Data analysis for comparison between the two groups was made through the non-parametric statistical test Mann-Whitney test. Results: In all the animals studied was found most abundant nuclear immunostaining positive hepatocytes interlobular located in regions of the liver. Quantitative analysis of PCNA-positive cells revealed positivity rate significantly higher mean (p = 0.02) in HP100 group (77.1 ± 13.6) compared to the HP group (45.8 ± 12.9). Conclusion: DAdministration of aqueous extract of the leaves of Baccharis trimera 100 mg/kg of animal has a significant positive effect on liver regeneration in rats, 24 hours after hepatectomy (70%).

The effect of the aqueous extract Peumus boldus on the proliferation of hepatocytes and liver function in rats submitted to expanded hepatectomy.

PURPOSE:: To assess the effect of aqueous extract of Peumus Boldus (AEPB) on the liver proliferative response after parcial hepatectomy of 70% (PH) in rodents. METHODS:: Twenty Wistar rats were divided in two groups: AEPB100 (whose rats received 100mg/Kg of AEPB, once a day, orally, in 4 days prior to the first surgical procedure) and Vehicle (whose rats were treated similarly with distilled water). Both groups underwent PH. After 24 hours the remaining livers were removed for studying the proliferation of hepatocytes by Ki-67 and 2mL of blood were collected for serological assessment: cholesterol, glucose, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total, direct and indirect bilirubin. All data were analyzed by Gaussian distribution. Statistically significant differences between mean values were analyzed using T Student's test. Non-Gaussian data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney's test. RESULTS:: The liver of all these rats presented positive staining of Ki-67, indicating liver proliferation. Laboratory results showed no significant difference in serum values between the analyzed groups. The analysis of Ki-67 was significantly more positive in AEPB100 group than in Vehicle group. CONCLUSION:: Aqueous extract of Peumus Boldus acute administration exerts significant positive effect on liver regeneration after 24h in rats that underwent parcial hepatectomy, while maintaining unchanged hepatic function.

The effect of the aqueous extract Peumus boldus on the proliferation of hepatocytes and liver function in rats submitted to expanded hepatectomy

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To assess the effect of aqueous extract of Peumus Boldus (AEPB) on the liver proliferative response after parcial hepatectomy of 70% (PH) in rodents. METHODS: Twenty Wistar rats were divided in two groups: AEPB100 (whose rats received 100mg/Kg of AEPB, once a day, orally, in 4 days prior to the first surgical procedure) and Vehicle (whose rats were treated similarly with distilled water). Both groups underwent PH. After 24 hours the remaining livers were removed for studying the proliferation of hepatocytes by Ki-67 and 2mL of blood were collected for serological assessment: cholesterol, glucose, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total, direct and indirect bilirubin. All data were analyzed by Gaussian distribution. Statistically significant differences between mean values were analyzed using T Student's test. Non-Gaussian data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney's test. RESULTS: The liver of all these rats presented positive staining of Ki-67, indicating liver proliferation. Laboratory results showed no significant difference in serum values between the analyzed groups. The analysis of Ki-67 was significantly more positive in AEPB100 group than in Vehicle group. CONCLUSION: Aqueous extract of Peumus Boldus acute administration exerts significant positive effect on liver regeneration after 24h in rats that underwent parcial hepatectomy, while maintaining unchanged hepatic function.