Influencia de los programas de preparación al parto en la elección y el mantenimiento de la lactancia materna / Influence of birth preparation programmes on breastfeeding choice and maintenance

Introducción y objetivo: La lactancia materna es el mejor método de alimentación de los lactantes. En este trabajo se pretende evaluar la repercusión o influencia que puedan tener los programas de preparación al parto en la decisión de elección y posterior mantenimiento de un tipo de lactancia. Material y métodos: Muestra de 128 niños nacidos en 1996 y de madres con edades comprendidas entre 19 y 38 años que acudieron al programa de preparación al parto. Se planteó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo valiéndose de historias pediátricas e historias de las gestantes. Se comprobó el tipo de lactancia empleada, edad, tipo de parto y estudios maternos. Resultados y conclusiones: En nuestro estudio no parece encontrarse una relación estadísticamente significativa entre la asistencia al programa y el tipo de lactancia elegido. No obstante, parece aumentar la lactancia materna o mixta en aquellas madres que estaban predispuestas a entrar en un programa de preparación al parto. (AU)

Introduction and purpose: Breast-feeding is the best way to feed infants. This work tries to assess how preparation to delivery programs may affect or influence the choice and later maintenance of a certain type of feeding on milk. Material and methods: The sample used included 128 infants born in 1996, and mothers with ages that ranged from 19 to 38 years, who participated in a preparation to delivery program. A prospective study was carried out based on paediatric and pregnant women’s histories.The type of feeding on milk, age, labour, and culture background of the mother were examined. Results and conclusions: This study shows no statistically significant relation between program attendance and the type of feeding chosen. However, breast-feeding or mixed was most frequent among mothers who were willing to attend a preparation to delivery program. (AU)

Identification of bacteria present in ulcerative stomatitis lesions of captive sea turtles Chelonia mydas.

Anthropogenic activities, predation, and diseases have contributed to a decrease in the sea turtle population in recent years. Ulcerative stomatitis is a condition that occurs in both wild and captive populations. The etiology of this condition is associated with bacteria such as E. coli, Citrobacter diversus, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Flavobacter calcoaceticus, Staphylococcus spp., and Flavobacterium spp. Some of these microorganisms are part of the oral microbiota of turtles, but alterations in the immune response can disturb the homeostatic relationship and cause an increase in the population of microorganisms, which in turn can cause disease. This work presents results on the isolation and identification of bacteria present in ulcerative stomatitis lesions in captive C. mydas turtles. Oral mucosa samples from 20 clinically healthy turtles and ten animals with ulcerative stomatitis lesions were studied. The samples were cultivated in enriched and differential media, and the identification was made using an automated method. The results showed a great diversity of bacteria in animals with ulcerative stomatitis with a higher prevalence of S. lentus and C. braakii was higher (60 and 50%, respectively) than in healthy animals. E. faecium was identified in 40% of diseased animals and 55% healthy animals. Turtles in this study had a diverse oral microbiota, and S. lentus and C. braakii may be involved in the etiopathogenesis of ulcerative stomatitis.

Maltrato prenatal / Prenatal maltreatment

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A 70- µ m Pitch 8- µ W Self-Biased Charge-Integration Active Pixel for Digital Mammography.

This paper presents a new low-power compact CMOS active pixel circuit specifically optimized for full-field digital mammography. The proposed digital pixel sensor (DPS) architecture includes self-bias capability at ±10% accuracy, up to 15 nA of dark-current autocalibration, built-in test mechanisms, selectable e(-)/h(+) collection, 10-b lossless charge-integration analog-to-digital conversion, more than 1 decade of individual gain tuning for fixed pattern noise cancellation, and a 50-Mb/s digital-only input/output interface. Experimental results for a 70-µm pitch 8-µW DPS cell example are reported in 0.18-µm CMOS 1-polySi 6-metal technology.

Cardiovascular disease in familial hypercholesterolaemia: influence of low-density lipoprotein receptor mutation type and classic risk factors.

AIM: To determine the effect of the type of mutation in low-density lipoprotein receptor gene and the risk factors associated with the development of premature cardiovascular disease (PCVD) in a large cohort of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (hFH) subjects with genetic diagnosis in Spain. METHODS AND RESULTS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 811 non-related FH patients (mean age 47.1+/-14 years, 383 males and 428 females) with a molecular defect in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene from the Spanish National FH Register. Prevalence of PCVD was 21.9% (30.2% in males and 14.5% in women, P<0.001). Mean age of onset of cardiovascular event was 42.1 years in males and 50.8 years in females. Of those patients with PCVD, 59.5% of males and 27% of females suffered a second cardiovascular (CV) event. In multivariate analysis male gender, age, tobacco consumption (ever), and total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) ratio were significantly associated with PCVD. Two hundred and twenty different mutations were found with a large heterogeneity. Patients carrying null-mutations had significantly higher frequency of PCVD and recurrence of CV events. No relationship with Lp(a) levels and genotype of Apo E were found. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the importance of identifying some classic risk factors such as smoking and TC/HDL-C ratio, and also the type of mutation in LDLR gene in order to implement early detection and intensive treatment for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in FH patients.

[Alcohol consumption by primary care physicians]. / Consumo de alcohol entre los médicos de atención primaria.

OBJECTIVE: To find the consumption of alcoholic drinks by Primary Care doctors. DESIGN: A descriptive study using an anonymous questionnaire. SETTING: Health base areas located in the Baix Llobregat and in Barcelona city. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Total coverage was 68.7%. In the group which replied, daily consumption along with week-end consumption predominated. Men consumed alcohol more often and in greater quantity than women. The prevalence of excessive drinkers according to the PAPPS criteria was 5.9%. 29% of the doctors exceeded the level of alcohol consumption considered acceptable by their own criteria, no gender differences being appreciated. Similarly, 33% of them accepted consumption above that recommended by the experts. CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of alcoholic drinks found among Primary Care doctors was low in comparison with other studies of medical groups or the general population. The Primary Care doctor occupies a privileged position in the prevention of excessive consumption of alcoholic drinks, which implies that their own alcohol consumption and training could have an impact on carrying out preventive activities in this field.