[The efficacy and safety of cefixime and amoxicillin/clavulanate in the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women: a randomized, prospective, multicenter study].

The study was aimed to the evaluation of efficacy and safety of cefixime and amoxicillin/clavulanate in the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women. A prospective, multicenter, randomized study that included 112 pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria was performed. 58 women were randomized in group 1 (cefixime [suprax solutab] 400 mg 1 time a day, 7 days), 54 women were included in group 2 (amoxicillin/clavulanate [amoksiklav] 625 mg 3 times a day, 7 days). The average age of the patients in group 1 was 25.2 +/- 6.6; in group 2--26.6 +/- 5.8 years. Physical examination, evaluation of complaints, collection of data on adverse reactions, and bacteriological analysis of urine were performed after enrollment in the study at visit 2 (day 10 +/- 1) and 3 (day 35 +/- 2). Comparable effectiveness of cefixime and amoxicillin/clavulanate in the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women was found. Eradication of the pathogen and sustained bacteriological response were observed in 94.8 and 92.7% of women treated with cefixime, and in 98.2 and 92.5% of women treated with amoxicillin/clavulanate, respectively (P > 0.05). At the same time, the use of amoxicillin/clavulanate compared with cefixime significantly higher was followed by the development of adverse reactions (13% and 1.7; respectively; P = 0.02). Seven-day courses of cefixime at a dose 400 mg 1 time a day and amoxicillin/clavulanate at a dose of 625 mg 3 times a day are high-effective treatment regimens for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women in Russia. The use of amoxicillin/clavulanate is significantly more often accompanied by the development of adverse reactions compared with cefixime.

[Tolerability and efficacy of retard form of indapamide in the treatment of hypertension in elderly patients (results of multicenter open non-comparative trial in Russian program ARGUS)]. / Effektivnost' i perenosimost' indapamida pri lechenii arterial'noi gipertonii u bol'nykh pozhilogo vozrasta (rezul'taty mnogotsentrovogo otkrytogo nesravnitel'nogo issledovaniia v ramkakh Rossiiskoi nauchno-prakticheskoi programmy ARGUS).

Open noncomparative multicenter study of tolerability and efficacy of a retard form of indapamide (1.5 mg o.d. for 3 months) in patients older then 55 years was conducted in 14 centers in Russia. Numbers of patients included into was analysis of safety and tolerability were 1277 and 1121, respectively. After 3 months systolic, diastolic and pulse blood pressure (BP) decreased by 20.2, 13.2, 27.5% (supine) and by 19.4, 11.8, 26.9% (standing), respectively. There were no significant changes of heart rate. Effect of treatment was considered positive in 92.4% of patients. Normalization of blood pressure occurred in 51.8% of patients (in 46.2% and 53.4% among men and women, respectively, p=0.0252; in 55.7% and 48% among patients aged <65 and >65 years, respectively). In patients with type II diabetes rates of positive effect and achievement of target BP <130/85 mm Hg were 60.8% and 31.4%, respectively. Hypokaliemia (3.0-3.5 mmol/l) was registered in 43 patients (3.4%), age of 27 of these patients was 65 years. There were no pronounced changes of blood serum levels of creatinine, glucose and uric acid. Significant lowering of atherogeneity cholesterol index occurred in the whole group while both this index and total cholesterol significantly decreased in patients with baseline hypercholesterolemia. Thus in patients older that 55 years monotherapy with retard form of indapamide was demonstrated to be safe and effective antihypertensive intervention.

[Pharmaco -- genetic approach to the improvement of beta-adrenoblocker therapy in the treatment of hypertension]. / Farmakogeneticheskii podkhod k optimizatsii terapii gipertonicheskoi bolezni beta-adrenoblokatorami.

A relationship between individual variations of the oxidative and acetylating metabolism rates of penbutolol, propranolol, acebutolol which produce a hypotensive effect was studied in patients with arterial hypertension. A study was performed in groups of patients, which comprised 22, 22, and 20 males, respectively. They all suffered from Stage II hypertensive disease. There was a predominant number of patients with partial and complete antihypertensive benefits in those with low oxidation rates than in those with high oxidative metabolism rates when penbutolol (89 and 54%, respectively; p < 0.05) and propranolol (78 and 31%, respectively; p < 0.01) were given. A graphic analysis of changes in blood pressure, which had been observed during a course monotherapy with penbutolol and propranolol identified two groups of patients differing in having benefits. Within each group, the relationship between the decrease in diastolic blood pressure to the elimination half-life of parmidine is described by a linear regression equation and it has a high positive correlation coefficient.

[Emoxipin pharmacokinetics in normal conditions and in models of experimental pathology]. / Farmakokinetika émoksipina v norme i na modeliiakh ksperimental'noi patologii.

The experimentally induced infarct and postoperative stress were shown to alter the kinetics of emoxipine consumption revealed in the increase of drug level in the blood. Elimination rate declines resulting in the increase of emoxipine bioavailability. This tendency is especially appreciable during elimination. The high emoxipine concentration appears to be the result of feedback regulation of its delivery from depot. Therefore pathological conditions have a significant effect on pharmacokinetics of emoxipine; this phenomenon seems to intensify the pharmacological action of this drug.

[Drug-metabolizing activity of the liver in patients with eczema and allergic dermatitis]. / Farmakometaboliziruiushchaia aktivnost' pecheni u bol'nykh ékzemoi u allergicheskim dermatitom.

Antipyrine test has been used to assess drug metabolism of the liver in 43 subjects, including 20 patients suffering from eczema and allergic dermatitis. "Rapid" oxidizers predominated among the patients; tissue barrier permeability for the test agent has been increased in eczema patients. These data should be borne in mind when prescribing the drugs that are subjected mainly to oxidizing metabolism, primarily antiinflammatory agents, to patients suffering from allergic dermatoses.