RESUMO
The purpose of this study was to assess the occurrence of brain atrophy in alcoholic patients as measured by two methods--psychological testing and CAT scanning. The study focused upon the relationships between gross cerebral atrophy and two variables which are considered to be major determinants in the development of brain damage. The variables are (1) the quantity-frequency of alcohol intake, and (2) the duration of problematic drinking. The results show that the degree of brain damage is related to the intensity of exposure to alcohol and clearly indicate that psychological testing is a reliable method for, at least, an initial diagnosis of or screening for alcohol-related cerebral atrophy.
Assuntos
Alcoolismo/patologia , Encéfalo/patologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Adulto , Idoso , Atrofia , Dano Encefálico Crônico/patologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Breathalyzer tests were administered to 500 DUI offenders on the day that they arrived for their scheduled presentencing psychosocial evaluations. Positive blood alcohol levels were found in 132 (26.4%) of the offenders. The persons with positive blood alcohol levels were more likely to be diagnosed as having alcoholism disorders, had higher blood alcohol levels at the times of their arrests, complained of more severe symptoms attributable to excessive alcohol use and drank more than those who did not have positive blood alcohol levels.
Assuntos
Intoxicação Alcoólica/sangue , Alcoolismo/sangue , Condução de Veículo , Etanol/sangue , Adulto , Intoxicação Alcoólica/diagnóstico , Alcoolismo/diagnóstico , Testes Respiratórios , HumanosRESUMO
Eighty patients admitted to a specialized alcohol detoxification unit, who had blood alcohol levels of .15% or less and were not currently intoxicated, participated in a double-blind trial involving treatment with either halazepam or chlordiazepoxide. A flexible dosage schedule was followed for 5 days with the objective of using the largest dose on the first day, followed by daily reductions as clinically feasible. Efficacy evaluations indicated that halazepam was as effective as chlordiazepoxide in the control of symptoms in patients hospitalized for the medical management of acute alcohol withdrawal. No significant side effects were noted.
Assuntos
Ansiolíticos/uso terapêutico , Benzodiazepinas , Benzodiazepinonas/uso terapêutico , Etanol/efeitos adversos , Síndrome de Abstinência a Substâncias/tratamento farmacológico , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Alcoolismo/tratamento farmacológico , Alcoolismo/psicologia , Ansiolíticos/efeitos adversos , Benzodiazepinonas/efeitos adversos , Clordiazepóxido/efeitos adversos , Clordiazepóxido/uso terapêutico , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Hospitalização , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Distribuição Aleatória , Síndrome de Abstinência a Substâncias/psicologiaRESUMO
In a study of 124 high-risk drivers, almost 50% of the drives had a severe problem with alcohol and were driving without a valid license. The findings indicate that high-risk drivers, not identified as drinking drivers, are as potentially a threat to public health as those individuals arrested for driving while intoxicated. It is recommended that intervention programs for high-risk drivers cannot ignore alcohol education and, where appropriate, alcohol treatment as an identifiable programmatic strategy.
Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Intoxicação Alcoólica/psicologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/psicologia , Condução de Veículo , Testes de Personalidade , Adulto , Alcoolismo/psicologia , Humanos , Risco , Ajustamento Social , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologiaRESUMO
The NIAAA Alcohol Impairment Index affords a reliable measure of alcohol-related behavior in drunken-driving offenders and is less time-consuming than the more widely employed Mortimer-Filkins Interview.
Assuntos
Alcoolismo/diagnóstico , Condução de Veículo , Acidentes de Trânsito/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Intoxicação Alcoólica/diagnóstico , Etanol/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Personalidade , Testes Psicológicos , RecidivaRESUMO
In the light of the fact that ethyl alcohol can cause damage to the brain, especially in the area of motor control, a study of the incidence of alcohol-related neuropsychological impairment in individuals arrested for driving while intoxicated (DWI) would be of great value. The authors report on 100 DWI offenders given a Memory-for Designs Test: 33% of the offenders were in the borderline range for organicity and a further 24% were in the critical range. Although they advise caution in interpreting these data, the authors point out a number of implications their analyses have for those interested in alcohol-related highway safety programs.
Assuntos
Alcoolismo/psicologia , Condução de Veículo , Memória de Curto Prazo/efeitos dos fármacos , Percepção Espacial/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Etanol/sangue , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes NeuropsicológicosRESUMO
Statistical analysis of blood alcohol concentration at time of arrest, quantity-frequency level of drinking and scores on an impairment index and the N Scale of the Eysenck Personality Inventory differentiated 7 types among 1500 men arrested for driving while intoxicated.
Assuntos
Intoxicação Alcoólica , Alcoolismo/terapia , Condução de Veículo , Controle Social Formal , Adulto , Assistência ao Convalescente , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Intoxicação Alcoólica/complicações , Alcoólicos Anônimos , Alcoolismo/genética , Terapia Comportamental , Etanol/sangue , Características da Família , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos Neuróticos/complicações , Personalidade , Psicoterapia , Estatística como AssuntoRESUMO
This study was designed to further explore and compare psychological characteristics in male and female alcoholics at an inpatient treatment program of an urban general hospital. In addition to comparing male and female variables, the study also sets out to determine whether there is any correlation between depression and female alcoholics.
Assuntos
Alcoolismo/psicologia , Mulheres , Adulto , Alcoolismo/complicações , Ansiedade/complicações , Depressão/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Casamento , Fatores SexuaisAssuntos
Alcoolismo/complicações , Dano Encefálico Crônico/induzido quimicamente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Condução de Veículo , Dano Encefálico Crônico/diagnóstico , Escolaridade , Emprego , Etanol/sangue , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes NeuropsicológicosRESUMO
Because of their moderate correlation with Breathalyzer measurements of blood alcohol concentration, self-reports and clinical judgments of alcohol consumption are unreliable.
Assuntos
Intoxicação Alcoólica , Condução de Veículo , Testes Respiratórios , Adulto , Comportamento/efeitos dos fármacos , Etanol/sangue , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Men arrested for the first time for driving while intoxicated were more tense, depressed, angry and fatigued during the month preceding their arrest than were men arrested for the second time for the same offense.
Assuntos
Intoxicação Alcoólica/psicologia , Condução de Veículo , Emoções , Adulto , Crime , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The incidence of psychopathology in persons arrested for driving while intoxicated (DWI) has serious implications in both alcoholism treatment and in general highway safety. This study investigated the types of psychopathology, as measured by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), in a sample of 116 males referred for treatment by a court diversion program.
Assuntos
Alcoolismo/complicações , Condução de Veículo , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Controle Social Formal , Acidentes de Trânsito/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Alcoolismo/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , MMPI , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/complicações , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos Neuróticos/diagnóstico , Transtornos Psicóticos/diagnósticoRESUMO
Men having a high blood alcohol concentration when arrested for drunken driving reported more drinking and more alcohol-related impairment than did men with lower concentrations.
Assuntos
Intoxicação Alcoólica/psicologia , Etanol/sangue , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Alcoolismo/psicologia , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
In a study of persons convicted of driving while intoxicated, mean scores on two measures of alcohol impairment decreased in subjects who completed an educational safe driving program and in those did not, suggesting a need for new approaches to DWI problems.
Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Condução de Veículo , Educação em Saúde , Alcoolismo/prevenção & controle , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Controle Social FormalRESUMO
No differences in moods were found between alcoholics and drug addicts, but the alcoholics were significantly more neurotic than the addicts.
