RESUMO
INTRODUCCION: Pertussis es una enfermedad inmunoprevenible respiratoria que afecta a la población infantil y a los adolescentes/adultos. Para diseñar estrategias que mejoren el control de la enfermedad, resulta esencial profundizar el conocimiento de su epidemiología.OBJETIVO: Estimar la frecuencia de casos de pertussis en 5 provincias argentinas, analizar la implicancia de las características socio-sanitarias de la población e identificar la fuente más probable de contagio.METODOS: Se realizó un trabajo multidisciplinario y multicéntrico empleando algoritmos consensuados. Se estudió a niños menores de 1 año (caso índice, CI) y sus contactos. Para los análisis, se incorporó la información obtenida durante el período a una base de datos ya existente.RESULTADOS: Durante 2006-2011 se analizaron 18.106 muestras de pacientes con sintomatología compatible con pertussis, y se confirmaron 3.766 casos. La mayor proporción de casos confirmados y de casos fatales (8 a 21 por año) se registró en los menores de 1 año. Un análisis de la epidemiología de 113 grupos familiares, constituidos por al menos un CI y dos contactos, determinó que en más del 50% el caso primario no se correspondió al CI. Análisis preliminares mostraron a los convivientes adultos jóvenes como posible fuente de infección de la población vulnerable. En relación con la implicancia de la situación socio-sanitaria en la epidemiología de pertussis, la evolución de los síntomas y la distribución por edades de los casos confirmados mostraron una desigualdad entre los barrios carecientes y los no carecientes.CONCLUSIONES: Se detectó la presencia de más de un caso de pertussis en los grupos familiares. Los adultos jóvenes convivientes serían los responsables de transmitir la infección a los más pequeños. Por la influencia de las condiciones socio-sanitarias en la epidemiología de pertussis, se detectaron patrones diferenciales en la distribución de casos.
INTRODUCTION: Pertussis is an immune preventable resporatory disease affecting the pediatric population and teens/adults. To design better strategies for the disease control, it is essential to improve epidemiological knowledge.OBJECTIVE: To estimate the frequency of pertussis cases in 5 Argentine provinces, to analyze the implication of the socio-economic characteristics and to identify the most likely source of infection.METHODS: A multidisciplinary, multicenter study was conducted, using consensus algorithms. The analysis was focused on children under 1 year (index cases, IC) and their contacts. The information obtained was incorporated into a previous database.RESULTS: 18.106 samples of patients with symptoms compatible with pertussis were analyzed during 2006-2011. Of these cases, 3.766 were confirmed in the lab. The largest proportion of confirmed cases and fatal cases (8-21 per year) were registered in children under 1 year. An epidemiologic analysis of 113 family units, consisting in at least one IC and two contacts, found that in over 50% the primary case did not correspond to the IC. A preliminary analysis showed that the young and adult cohabitants were the possible source of infection for vulnerable populations. Regarding the implications of the socio-sanitary conditions in the disease epidemiology, the evolution of symptoms and the age group distribution of confirmed cases were unequeal between poor and non-poor neighborhoods.CONCLUSIONS: The study detected the presence of more than one case of pertussis in family units. Young and adult cohabitants would be responsible for transmitting the infection to children. Due to the influence of socio-sanitary conditions in the epidemiology of pertussis, differential patterns were detected in the distribution of cases.
Assuntos
Lactente , Classe Social , Lactente , Perfis Sanitários , Coqueluche , Coqueluche/epidemiologia , Argentina , Saúde PúblicaRESUMO
INTRODUCCION: Pertussis es una enfermedad inmunoprevenible respiratoria que afecta a la población infantil y a los adolescentes/adultos. Para diseñar estrategias que mejoren el control de la enfermedad, resulta esencial profundizar el conocimiento de su epidemiología.OBJETIVO: Estimar la frecuencia de casos de pertussis en 5 provincias argentinas, analizar la implicancia de las características socio-sanitarias de la población e identificar la fuente más probable de contagio.METODOS: Se realizó un trabajo multidisciplinario y multicéntrico empleando algoritmos consensuados. Se estudió a niños menores de 1 año (caso índice, CI) y sus contactos. Para los análisis, se incorporó la información obtenida durante el período a una base de datos ya existente.RESULTADOS: Durante 2006-2011 se analizaron 18.106 muestras de pacientes con sintomatología compatible con pertussis, y se confirmaron 3.766 casos. La mayor proporción de casos confirmados y de casos fatales (8 a 21 por año) se registró en los menores de 1 año. Un análisis de la epidemiología de 113 grupos familiares, constituidos por al menos un CI y dos contactos, determinó que en más del 50% el caso primario no se correspondió al CI. Análisis preliminares mostraron a los convivientes adultos jóvenes como posible fuente de infección de la población vulnerable. En relación con la implicancia de la situación socio-sanitaria en la epidemiología de pertussis, la evolución de los síntomas y la distribución por edades de los casos confirmados mostraron una desigualdad entre los barrios carecientes y los no carecientes.CONCLUSIONES: Se detectó la presencia de más de un caso de pertussis en los grupos familiares. Los adultos jóvenes convivientes serían los responsables de transmitir la infección a los más pequeños. Por la influencia de las condiciones socio-sanitarias en la epidemiología de pertussis, se detectaron patrones diferenciales en la distribución de casos.
INTRODUCTION: Pertussis is an immune preventable resporatory disease affecting the pediatric population and teens/adults. To design better strategies for the disease control, it is essential to improve epidemiological knowledge.OBJECTIVE: To estimate the frequency of pertussis cases in 5 Argentine provinces, to analyze the implication of the socio-economic characteristics and to identify the most likely source of infection.METHODS: A multidisciplinary, multicenter study was conducted, using consensus algorithms. The analysis was focused on children under 1 year (index cases, IC) and their contacts. The information obtained was incorporated into a previous database.RESULTS: 18.106 samples of patients with symptoms compatible with pertussis were analyzed during 2006-2011. Of these cases, 3.766 were confirmed in the lab. The largest proportion of confirmed cases and fatal cases (8-21 per year) were registered in children under 1 year. An epidemiologic analysis of 113 family units, consisting in at least one IC and two contacts, found that in over 50% the primary case did not correspond to the IC. A preliminary analysis showed that the young and adult cohabitants were the possible source of infection for vulnerable populations. Regarding the implications of the socio-sanitary conditions in the disease epidemiology, the evolution of symptoms and the age group distribution of confirmed cases were unequeal between poor and non-poor neighborhoods.CONCLUSIONS: The study detected the presence of more than one case of pertussis in family units. Young and adult cohabitants would be responsible for transmitting the infection to children. Due to the influence of socio-sanitary conditions in the epidemiology of pertussis, differential patterns were detected in the distribution of cases.
Assuntos
Lactente , Coqueluche , Coqueluche/epidemiologia , Lactente , Perfis Sanitários , Classe Social , Argentina , Saúde PúblicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The understanding of the molecular bases of blood groups makes possible the identification of red cell antigens and antibodies using molecular approaches, especially when haemagglutination is of limited value. The practical application of DNA typing requires the analysis of the polymorphism and allele distribution of the blood group genes under study since genetic variability was observed among different ethnic groups. Urban populations of Argentina are assumed to have a white Caucasian European genetic component. However, historical and biological data account for the influence of other ethnic groups. In this work we analyse FY and RH blood group alleles attributed to Africans and that could have clinical implications in the immune destruction of erythrocytes. METHODS: We studied 103 white trios (father, mother and child, 309 samples) from the city of Rosario by allele specific PCRs and serological methods. The data obtained were analysed with the appropriate statistical test considering only fathers and mothers (n = 206). RESULTS: We found the presence of the FY*BES and RHCE*ce(733C>G) alleles and an elevated frequency (0.0583) for the Dce haplotype. The number of individuals with a concomitant occurrence of both alleles was significantly higher than that expected by chance. We found that 4.68% of the present gene pool is composed by alleles primarily associated with African ancestry and about 10% of the individuals carried at least one RH or FY allele that is predominantly observed among African populations. Thirteen percent of Fy(b-) subjects were FY*A/FY*BES. CONCLUSION: Taken together, the results suggest that admixture events between African slaves and European immigrants at the beginning of the 20th century made the physical characteristics of black Africans to be invisible nowadays. Considering that it was a recent historical event, the FY*BES and RHCE*ce(733C>G) alleles did not have time to become widespread but remain concentrated within families. These findings have considerable impact for typing and transfusion strategy in our population, increasing the pool of compatible units for Fy(b-) individuals requiring chronic transfusion. Possible difficulties in transfusion therapy and in genotyping could be anticipated and appropriately improved strategies devised, allowing a better management of the alloimmunization in the blood bank.
