Post-infection depression, anxiety and PTSD: a retrospective cohort study with mild COVID-19 patients

BackgroundIt remains unclear whether COVID-19 is associated with psychiatric symptoms during or after the acute illness phase. Being affected by the disease exposes the individual to an uncertain prognosis and a state of quarantine. These factors can predispose individuals to the development of mental symptoms during or after the acute phase of the disease. There is a need for prospective studies assessing mental health symptoms in COVID-19 patients in the post-infection period. MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, nasopharyngeal swabs for COVID-19 tests were collected at patients homes under the supervision of trained healthcare personnel. Patients who tested positive for COVID-19 and were classified as mild cases (N=895) at treatment intake were further assessed for the presence of mental health disorders (on average, 56.6 days after the intake). We investigated the association between the number of COVID-19 symptoms at intake and depression, anxiety and PTSD, adjusting for previous mental health status, time between baseline and outcome, and other confounders. Multivariate logistic regression and generalized linear models were employed for categorical and continuous outcomes, respectively. FindingsDepression, anxiety and PTSD were reported by 26.2% (N=235), 22.4% (N=201), and 17.3% (N=155) of the sample. Reporting an increased number of COVID-related symptoms was associated with depression (aOR=1.059;95%CI=1.002-1.119), anxiety (aOR=1.072;95%CI=1.012-1.134), and PTSD (aOR=1.092;95%CI=1.024-1.166). Sensitivity analyses supported findings for both continuous and categorical measures. InterpretationExposure to an increased number of COVID-19 symptoms may predispose individuals to depression, anxiety and PTSD after the acute phase of the disease. These patients should be monitored for the development of mental health disorders after COVID-19 treatment discharge. Early interventions, such as brief interventions of psychoeducation on coping strategies, could benefit these individuals. FundingThe city health department of Sao Caetano do Sul (Secretaria Municipal de Saude da Prefeitura de Sao Caetano do Sul) funded the establishment and implementation of the COVID-19 platform.

Aspectos dimensionais de personalidade, fissura e adesão ao tratamento ambulatorial entre dependentes de cocaína e crack / Dimensional aspects of personality, craving and treatment adhesion between cocaine and crack users

Introdução: A dependência de cocaína é doença crônica e afeta uma população bastante heterogênea. Fatores psicológicos, biológicos e sociais estão envolvidos com o quadro e sua evolução. A fissura, sintoma importante, pode ser influenciada por aspectos biológicos e psicológicos e altera o curso do quadro. Além disso, faltam sistemas classificatórios desta doença tão complexa. Os objetivos deste estudo são: investigar como a fissura pode ser influenciada por traços de personalidade e tentar agrupar pacientes com diferentes características pessoais em relação à resposta ao tratamento cognitivo comportamental. Métodos: Foram avaliados 100 pacientes que iniciaram o tratamento manualizado proposto. Classes de participantes que apresentavam características psicológicas relacionadas ao uso da droga e impulsividade semelhantes foram identificados em análise de classes latentes. A associação destas variáveis na adesão ao tratamento foi investigada. Dentre o grupo que terminou as quatro avaliações ao longo do acompanhamento, analisou-se como os traços de personalidade influenciam a intensidade, frequência e duração da fissura, usando o modelo de Equações de Estimativas Generalizadas com estrutura de correlação autorregressiva. Resultados: Dois grupos foram delineados. Participantes do Cluster 1 (n=60) foram caracterizados com maior nível de impulsividade, uso de maior quantidade de cocaína, maior nível educacional, mais história de tratamentos prévios e mais história familiar positiva de TUC que o Cluster 2 (n=40). Indivíduos do Cluster 1 aderiram mais ao tratamento. Em relação à fissura, observou-se que varia ao longo do tratamento. Traços de personalidade como busca por novidades, dependência de gratificação e esquiva ao dano interagem com a intensidade da fissura e persistência interage com a duração. Existe interação entre intensidade da fissura, uso de droga e via de administração. Conclusões: informações sobre características pessoais associadas à...

Introduction: Cocaine dependence is a chronic condition affecting a very heterogeneous population. Biological, psychological and social factors are involved in addiction and how it evolves. Craving is an important symptom, it is influenced by both psychological and biological factors, and affects how the patient addiction evolves. Furthermore, there are no classifying systems for this very complex disease. The aims of this study are to investigate how craving is influenced by personality traits, and atempt to cluster patients with different personality traits in terms of their response to cognitive behavioral therapy. Methods: This study evaluate 100 patients who started the proposed manualized treatment. Latent class analysis was used to cluster subjects with similar psychological characteristics, cocaine use related aspects and impulsivity. This study looked at the association between these variables and adherence to treatment. We analyzed how personality traits influence craving intensity, frequency and duration in the group of subjects completing the four follow-up period evaluations, using the Generalized Estimating Equations model and an autoregression correlation structure. Results: Two clusters emerged: Cluster 1 (n=60) subjects were characterized as being more impulsive, using larger amounts of cocaine, having more years of schooling, a history of more prior treatments, and increased positive Family history of cocaine abuse than Cluster 2 (n=40) subjects. Individuals in Cluster 1 adhered more to treatment. Regarding craving, we found that it varied over the course of treatment. Personality traits such as novelty seeking, reward dependence and harm avoidance interact with intensity of craving, and persistence interacts with duration. There is an interaction between intensity of craving, drug use and route of administration. Conclusion: information about the personal characteristics associated with treatment non-adherence and...