RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Evidence suggests that TV viewing is associated with body mass index (BMI) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents. However, it is unclear whether dietary intake mediates these relationships. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted in adolescents (12-19 years) participating in the 2003-2006 United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. BMI z scores (zBMI) (n = 3,161) and MetS (n = 1,379) were calculated using age- and sex-specific criteria for adolescents. TV viewing (h/day) was measured via a self-reported questionnaire, and dietary intake was assessed using two 24-h recalls. Using the MacKinnon method, a series of mediation analyses were conducted examining five dietary mediators (total energy intake, fruit and vegetable intake, discretionary snacks, sugar-sweetened beverages and diet quality) of the relationships between TV viewing and zBMI and MetS. RESULTS: Small positive relationships were observed between TV viewing and zBMI (ß = 0.99, p < 0.001) and TV viewing and MetS (OR = 1.18, p = 0.046). No dietary element appeared to mediate the relationship between TV viewing and zBMI. However, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and fruit and vegetable intake partially mediated the relationship between TV viewing and MetS, explaining 8.7% and 4.1% of the relationship, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the complexity of the relationships between TV viewing, dietary intake and cardiometabolic health outcomes, and that TV viewing should remain a target for interventions.
RESUMO
This study provides an analysis of the quality of service provided by a university health care center. Students' expectations and perceptions of the center's services are identified by a survey. A second survey was administered to the employees of the center to compare student perceptions to those of the employees. Based on the results of this study, specific recommendations are made to improve the performance of the center. The implementation of these recommendations should also reflect a change in the students' perceptions about the quality of service provided by the center.
Assuntos
Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde/métodos , Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde , Serviços de Saúde para Estudantes/normas , Adolescente , Adulto , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , North Carolina , Satisfação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde/métodos , Serviços de Saúde para Estudantes/organização & administração , UniversidadesAssuntos
Avaliação Educacional , Licenciamento em Medicina , Exame Físico/normas , Preconceito , Diferencial Semântico , Viés , Avaliação Educacional/métodos , Avaliação Educacional/normas , Modificador do Efeito Epidemiológico , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Feminino , Humanos , Licenciamento em Medicina/normas , Masculino , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
The limitations of thermochemical energy storage devices are the limitations of Carnot devices. Entropy production entailed in product separation further limits the efficiency of thermochemical processes. Thus, high upper temperatures and few reaction steps are desirable. In this article, the one-step effusional separation of water into hydrogen and oxygen is considered. Membrane materials, design, and fabrication techniques are suggested. A parametric analysis of the process suggests that the idea is a tantalizing possibility.
