Effect of Exercise Programs on Physical Performance in Community-Dwelling Older Adults with and without Frailty: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: The measurement of physical performance constitutes an indicator of the physical functional capacity of older adults with and without frailty. AIM: To present a synthesis of knowledge on the effect of exercise programs on physical performance in older adults with and without frailty in the community. METHOD: A systematic review was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA-2020 criteria. The search for articles was made until 4 May 2023 in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, SciELO and LILACS. The outcome variable was physical performance, measured through the SPPB (Short Physical Performance Battery). The mean difference (MD) was estimated to evaluate the effect. RESULT: We found 2483 studies, of which 12 met the eligibility criteria for the systematic review and 9 for the meta-analysis. The effect of exercise on SPPB scores was significantly higher in the exercise group compared to control in non-frail older adults with MD = 0.51 [95% CI, 0.05 to 0.96, p < 0.05]. Likewise, in older adults with frailty, the effect of exercise on the global SPPB score was significantly higher in the exercise group compared to the control with MD = 0.66 [95% CI, 0.09 to 1.24, p < 0.05]. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that exercise programs are effective in increasing and/or maintaining physical performance in older adults with and without frailty, whose effect is more evident in older adults with frailty, probably due to the greater margin of recovery of intrinsic capacity. This systematic review shows the differentiated effect of exercise training on physical performance in older adults with and without frailty. Scientific evidence reinforces the importance of implementing physical exercise programs in all older adults, including those who are frail. However, it is necessary to specify the types and doses (duration, frequency and intensity), for individualized groups, previously grouped according to the SPPB score.

Control glucémico relacionado con la autoestima y depresión de adultos mayores con diabetes mellitus en la Ciudad de México / Glycemic control related to self-esteem and depression in older adults with diabetes mellitus in Mexico City

Resumen

Introducción: el envejecimiento por sí mismo constituye un factor de riesgo para la presencia de diabetes mellitus, ya que por sus complicaciones, alta mortalidad y cronicidad se afecta gradual y progresivamente el bienestar psicológico de quien la padece.

Objetivo: determinar la relación entre la autoestima baja y la depresión con el control glucémico de los adultos mayores de la Ciudad de México.

Metodología: estudio transversal analítico en 182 adultos mayores con diabetes mellitus. Se evaluaron parámetros antropométricos y bioquímicos, se aplicó la Escala de Autoestima de Rosemberg y la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica (GDS-Yesavage). El análisis fue con medidas de tendencia central, dispersión, chi cuadrada y t de Student; para calcular el riesgo se utilizó razón de momios con un intervalo de confianza al 95% (IC95%).

Resultados: se identificó autoestima alta en 36 y 19% (p < 0.01) y depresión en 34 y 56% (p = 0.004) de los adultos mayores con y sin control glucémico, respectivamente. Se encontró una asociación con la autoestima media y baja (razón de momios (RM) = 2.39, IC95% de 1.0-5.3 p = 0.01) y presencia de depresión (RM= 2.50, IC95% 1.34-4.67, p = 0.004).

Conclusión: los resultados sugieren una relación positiva de autoestima baja y depresión con el control glucémico de los adultos mayores diabéticos.

Abstract

Introduction: Aging by itself is a risk factor for the presence of diabetes mellitus, since the psychological well-being of the sufferer is gradually and progressively affected due to its complications, high mortality and chronicity.

Objective: To determine the relationship between low self-esteem and depression with glycemic control of older adults in Mexico City.

Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study in 182 older adults with diabetes mellitus. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were evaluated; the Rosemberg Self-esteem Scale and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-Yesavage) were applied. For the analysis we used measures of central tendency, dispersion, chi-squared and Student's t; to calculate risk, it was used odds ratio [OR] with 95% confidence interval (95%CI).

Results: High self-esteem was identified in 36 and 19% (p < 0.01) and depression in 34 and 56% (p = 0.004) of older adults with and without glycemic control, respectively. It was found an association between average self-esteem and low self-esteem (OR = 2.39, 95%G 1.0-5.3, p = 0.01) and presence of depression (OR = 2.50,95%CI 1.34-4.67, p = 0.004).

Conclusion: These results suggest a positive relationship of low self-esteem and depression with the glycemic control of diabetic older adults.

Relationship between social support networks and diabetes control and its impact on the quality of life in older community-dwelling Mexicans.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between social support networks and diabetes control and its impact on quality of life in older community-dwelling Mexicans. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out on a convenience sample of 182 older diabetic people who were active participants in community self-care and mutual help groups in Mexico City for more than one year. All were independents and had medical diagnostics determining that they had diabetes without complications for one year or more. We measured biochemical and anthropometric parameters, social support networks for older people (SSN-Older) and perceived quality of life. Patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus had HbA1c (%) ≥ 8. RESULTS: It was found that 65% (118/182) of the elderly diabetics in the study were controlled. We observed a significantly higher average score in the SSN-Older scale on the extra-familial support subscale in the controlled diabetic group compared with the uncontrolled group (57 ± 25 vs. 49 ± 30, p < 0.05). Additionally, the average satisfaction score, as observed from SSN-Older scale data, was significantly higher in the controlled diabetics group compared with the uncontrolled group (51 ± 21 vs.42 ± 22, p = 0.01). Likewise, in the quality of life analysis, we observed that 81% of the controlled diabetics perceived a high quality of life compared with 19% of the uncontrolled group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that social support networks, especially community self-help groups, represent a determining social capital for control of diabetes mellitus in older people in the community.

Relationship between social support networks and diabetes control and its impact on the quality of life in older community-dwelling Mexicans / Relación entre las redes de apoyo social con el control de la diabetes y su impacto sobre la calidad de vida en ancianos mejicanos que viven en la comunidad

Objective: To determine the relationship between social support networks and diabetes control and its impact on quality of life in older community-dwelling Mexicans. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on a convenience sample of 182 older diabetic people who were active participants in community self-care and mutual help groups in Mexico City for more than one year. All were independents and had medical diagnostics determining that they had diabetes without complications for one year or more. We measured biochemical and anthropometric parameters, social support networks for older people (SSN-Older) and perceived quality of life. Patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus had HbA1c (%) ≥ 8. Results: It was found that 65% (118/182) of the elderly diabetics in the study were controlled. We observed a significantly higher average score in the SSN-Older scale on the extra-familial support subscale in the controlled diabetic group compared with the uncontrolled group (57 ± 25 vs. 49 ± 30, p < 0.05). Additionally, the average satisfaction score, as observed from SSN-Older scale data, was significantly higher in the controlled diabetics group compared with the uncontrolled group (51 ± 21 vs. 42 ± 22, p = 0.01). Likewise, in the quality of life analysis, we observed that 81% of the controlled diabetics perceived a high quality of life compared with 19% of the uncontrolled group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that social support networks, especially community self-help groups, represent a determining social capital for control of diabetes mellitus in older people in the community (AU)

Objetivo: determinar la relación entre las redes de apoyo social y control de la diabetes, y su impacto en la calidad de vida en adultos mayores mexicanos. Métodos: se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal en una muestra de 182 adultos mayores diabéticos que estaban participando en grupos comunitarios de autocuidado y ayuda mutua en la Ciudad de México durante más de un año. Todos eran independientes y tenían diagnóstico médico de diabetes mellitus sin complicaciones durante un año o más. Medimos parámetros bioquímicos, incluyendo hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c), y antropométricos, las redes de apoyo social para adultos mayores (RAS-mayores) y calidad de vida percibida. Se consideró como diabetes mellitus descontrolada cuando los pacientes tenían HbA1c (%) ≥ 8. Resultados: se encontró que el 65% (118/182) de los diabéticos participantes estaban controlados. Se observó una puntuación media significativamente mayor en la escala RAS-mayores en la subescala de apoyo social extra-familiar en el grupo de diabéticos controlados en comparación con el grupo de descontrolados (57 ± 25 vs. 49 ± 30, p < 0,05). Asimismo, la puntuación media de satisfacción de las redes de apoyo social fue significativamente mayor en el grupo de diabéticos controlados (51 ± 21 frente a 42 ± 22, p = 0,01). Del mismo modo, en el análisis de la calidad de vida, se observó que el 81% de los diabéticos controlados percibe una calidad de vida alta en comparación con el 19% del grupo de diabéticos descontrolados (p < 0,001). Conclusiones: nuestros resultados sugieren que las redes de apoyo social extra-familiar, en particular los grupos de autoayuda de la comunidad, representan un capital social relevante por el control de la diabetes mellitus de las personas mayores de la comunidad (AU)