RESUMO
A series of 2-methoxyacylhydrazones were optimized to yield compounds with high affinity for PDE10A. Several compounds demonstrated efficacy in animal models of schizophrenia, including conditioned avoidance response and a pro-psychotic phencyclidine hyperactivity model.
Assuntos
Hidrazonas/química , Hidrazonas/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Fosfodiesterase/química , Inibidores de Fosfodiesterase/uso terapêutico , Diester Fosfórico Hidrolases/metabolismo , Esquizofrenia/tratamento farmacológico , Esquizofrenia/enzimologia , Animais , Antipsicóticos/química , Antipsicóticos/farmacocinética , Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico , Hidrazonas/farmacocinética , Camundongos , Inibidores de Fosfodiesterase/farmacocinética , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are represented by a large superfamily of enzymes. A series of hydrazone-based inhibitors was synthesized and shown to be novel, potent, and selective against PDE10A. Optimized compounds of this class were efficacious in animal models of schizophrenia and may be useful for the treatment of this disease.
Assuntos
Hidrazonas/química , Inibidores de Fosfodiesterase/química , Diester Fosfórico Hidrolases/química , Quinolinas/química , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Humanos , Hidrazonas/farmacocinética , Hidrazonas/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Fosfodiesterase/farmacocinética , Inibidores de Fosfodiesterase/uso terapêutico , Diester Fosfórico Hidrolases/metabolismo , Quinolinas/farmacocinética , Quinolinas/uso terapêutico , Ratos , Esquizofrenia/tratamento farmacológico , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
RATIONALE: Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) through the degradation of cGMP play critical roles in maintaining cardiomyocyte homeostasis. Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM)-activated cGMP-hydrolyzing PDE1 family may play a pivotal role in balancing intracellular Ca(2+)/CaM and cGMP signaling; however, its function in cardiomyocytes is unknown. OBJECTIVE: Herein, we investigate the role of Ca(2+)/CaM-stimulated PDE1 in regulating pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in neonatal and adult rat ventricular myocytes and in the heart in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS: Inhibition of PDE1 activity using a PDE1-selective inhibitor, IC86340, or downregulation of PDE1A using siRNA prevented phenylephrine induced pathological myocyte hypertrophy and hypertrophic marker expression in neonatal and adult rat ventricular myocytes. Importantly, administration of the PDE1 inhibitor IC86340 attenuated cardiac hypertrophy induced by chronic isoproterenol infusion in vivo. Both PDE1A and PDE1C mRNA and protein were detected in human hearts; however, PDE1A expression was conserved in rodent hearts. Moreover, PDE1A expression was significantly upregulated in vivo in the heart and myocytes from various pathological hypertrophy animal models and in vitro in isolated neonatal and adult rat ventricular myocytes treated with neurohumoral stimuli such as angiotensin II (Ang II) and isoproterenol. Furthermore, PDE1A plays a critical role in phenylephrine-induced reduction of intracellular cGMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) activity and thereby cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: These results elucidate a novel role for Ca(2+)/CaM-stimulated PDE1, particularly PDE1A, in regulating pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via a cGMP/PKG-dependent mechanism, thereby demonstrating Ca(2+) and cGMP signaling cross-talk during cardiac hypertrophy.
