Extracellular Vesicles from Scedosporium apiospermum Mycelial Cells: Implication for Fungal-Host Interplays.

The release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been implicated as an alternative transport mechanism for the passage of macromolecules through the fungal cell wall, a phenomenon widely reported in yeasts but poorly explored in mycelial cells. In the present work, we have purified and characterized the EVs released by mycelia of the emerging, opportunistic, widespread and multidrug-resistant filamentous fungus Scedosporium apiospermum. Transmission electron microscopy images and light scattering measurements revealed the fungal EVs, which were observed individually or grouped with heterogeneous morphology, size and electron density. The mean diameter of the EVs, evaluated by the light scattering technique, was 179.7 nm. Overall, the structural stability of S. apiospermum EVs was preserved during incubation under various storage conditions. The lipid, carbohydrate and protein contents were quantified, and the EVs' protein profile was evidenced by SDS-PAGE, revealing proteins with molecular masses ranging from 20 to 118 kDa. Through immunoblotting, ELISA and immunocytochemistry assays, antigenic molecules were evidenced in EVs using a polyclonal serum (called anti-secreted molecules) from a rabbit inoculated with conditioned cell-free supernatant obtained from S. apiospermum mycelial cells. By Western blotting, several antigenic proteins were identified. The ELISA assay confirmed that the anti-secreted molecules exhibited a positive reaction up to a serum dilution of 1:3200. Despite transporting immunogenic molecules, S. apiospermum EVs slightly induced an in vitro cytotoxicity effect after 48 h of contact with either macrophages or lung epithelial cells. Interestingly, the pretreatment of both mammalian cells with purified EVs significantly increased the association index with S. apiospermum conidia. Furthermore, EVs were highly toxic to Galleria mellonella, leading to larval death in a typically dose- and time-dependent manner. Collectively, the results represent the first report of detecting EVs in the S. apiospermum filamentous form, highlighting a possible implication in fungal pathogenesis.

Development of gel containing Psidium glaziovianum essential oil has in vitro antimicrobial activity and improves healing of excisional wounds in mice.

Wounds encompass physical, chemical, biological, induced damages to the skin or mucous membranes. In wound treatment, combating infections is a critical challenge due to their potential to impede recovery and inflict systemic harm on patients. Previously, the essential oil extracted from Psidium glaziovianum (PgEO) demonstrated antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory attributes, along with negligible oral toxicity. Hence, our study aimed to assess the effects of topically applying a gel formulation containing PgEO to excisional wounds in mice. Additionally, an in vitro antimicrobial assessment was conducted. The formulated gel underwent characterization and toxicological evaluation on erythrocytes, as well as a dermal irritation test. Its antimicrobial activity was tested against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungi. Subsequently, an assessment of its efficacy in excisional wound healing was conducted in mice. The findings of this investigation highlight the gel's efficacy against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungi. Moreover, this study underscores that the PgEO-gel treatment enhances skin wound healing, potentially due to its capacity to trigger antioxidant enzymes and suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the gel exhibited minimal toxicity to erythrocytes and skin irritation. These findings hold promise for prospective preclinical and clinical trials across diverse wound types. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the potential therapeutic applications of the gel formulation containing essential oil from P. glaziovianum in the context of wound healing.

Representações sociais de enfermeiros acerca do processo de descentralização do atendimento ao HIV: abordagem estrutural / Social representations of nurses about the decentralization process of HIV care: A structural approach / Representaciones sociales de enfermeros sobre el proceso de descentralización de la atención al VIH: un enfoque estructural

Objetivo: analisar a representação social de enfermeiros sobre o atendimento ao HIV na atenção primária à saúde através de uma abordagem estrutural. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa e caráter estrutural, com 160 enfermeiros, no período entre dezembro de 2019 a março de 2020 nas unidades de saúde da família do município de Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Realizou-se entrevistas semiestruturadas, com a Técnica de Associação Livre de Palavras, e questionário sociodemográfico. Os dados foram processados pelo software IRAMUTEQ, sendo ancorados pela Teoria das Representações Sociais. Aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: O estímulo à pergunta indutora originou 188 palavras diferentes com frequência mínima de 5 evocações e máxima de 64. Observa-se expressivamente termos associados a fatores subjetivos. Considerações finais: Evidenciou-se que as representações sociais são relevantes e diversas, relacionadas com a atuação dos enfermeiros frente ao atendimento prestado às pessoas vivendo com HIV.

Objective: to analyze nurses' social representation of HIV care in primary health care through a structural approach. Method: This is a descriptive, exploratory study, with a qualitative and structural approach, with 160 nurses, between December 2019 and March 2020 in the family health units of the municipality of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the Free Word Association Technique and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The data were processed by the IRAMUTEQ software, being anchored by the Theory of Social Representations. Theone proven by the Research Ethics Committee. Results: The stimulus to the inducing question originated 188 different words with a minimum frequency of 5 evocations and a maximum of 64. Terms associated with subjective factors are significantly observed. Final considerations: It was evidenced that social representations are relevant and diverse, related to the performance of nurses in relation to the care provided to people living with HIV.

Objetivo: analizar la representación social de los enfermeros sobre el cuidado del VIH en la atención primaria de salud a través de un enfoque estructural. Método: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, con enfoque cualitativo y estructural, con 160 enfermeras, entre diciembre de 2019 y marzo de 2020 en las unidades de salud familiar del municipio de Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con la Técnica de Asociación de Palabras Libres y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. Los datos fueron procesados por el software IRAMUTEQ, siendo anclados por la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales. El comprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación. Resultados: El estímulo a la pregunta inductora originó 188 palabras diferentes con una frecuencia mínima de 5 evocaciones y un máximo de 64. Los términos asociados con factores subjetivos se observan significativamente. Consideraciones finales: Se evidenció que las representaciones sociales son relevantes y diversas, relacionadas con el desempeño de las enfermeras en relación con la atención brindada a las personas que viven con VIH.

Quercus spp. extract as a promising preventive or therapeutic strategy for cancer: A systematic review.

Acorns have traditionally been used in the human diet and for the treatment of specific diseases. Therefore, the present study performed a systematic review of studies which investigated the effects of Quercus spp. extracts in cancer prevention and treatment. A systematic literature search was performed for original records which addressed the anticancer effects of Quercus spp. extract in in vitro and in vivo cancer models. Body composition, food consumption, tumor development and/or toxicity were evaluated in in vivo studies, while cytotoxicity was evaluated in in vitro studies. Few studies and low sample sizes presented a challenge in the drawing of solid conclusions. Overall, the results suggested a positive impact of Quercus spp. extract, by reducing cancer development. Therefore, more studies with different cancer cell lines and animal models to address the efficacy of the acorn extracts in several types of cancer are required. Furthermore, the effects of acorn flour, incorporated in the diet, in an animal model of mammary cancer should be evaluated.

Novel activated carbon from Magonia pubescens bark: characterization and evaluation of adsorption efficiency.

In this work, the synthesis of activated carbon from the bark of the Magonia pubescens (known as Tingui) and its efficiency in the removal of diclofenac sodium through batch adsorption tests and physical-chemical characterizations were investigated. The phytotoxicity of this material was also evaluated through germination and root growth of Lactuca sativa seeds. According to the experimental design performed for the synthesis of Tingui carbon, the optimized temperature and residence time for the production of this adsorbent were 550 °C and 120 min, respectively. The equilibrium time was reached in 600 min and the theoretical model that best fitted the kinetic data was the Elovich model. The BET was the best fit for the adsorption isotherm dataThis indicates that the adsorption process of sodium diclofenac by activated carbon can occur by two different mechanisms, monolayer and/or multilayer adsorption, depending on the conditions employed in the process, such as temperature and adsorbate concentration. The thermodynamic study showed that the process was favourable and spontaneous in the temperature range evaluated. Furthermore, the characterizations showed by TG/DTG and FTIR analyses that the temperature throughout the process had a marked impact on the degradation of the organic constituents of the biomass and the appearance of distinct functional groups that contributed to the adsorption process of diclofenac sodium. Finally, the toxicity tests recognized that this adsorbent does not affect the germination of L. sativa species. Thus, this adsorbent may become a novel and viable option to be used in the removal of sodium diclofenac.

Canine and feline papillomaviruses: an update.

Papillomaviruses are small viruses able to cause disease not only in mammalians, but also in birds and reptiles. In recent years, a rising number of papillomaviruses have been identified in dogs and cats, totaling 24 canine papillomavirus (CPV) and six feline papillomavirus (FcaPV). The canine and feline papillomaviruses (CPVs and FcaPVs, respectively) are responsible for multiple lesions in these domestic species but the potential pathological relevance of some recently identified types remains to be determined. CPVs are associated with oral papillomatosis, cutaneous papillomas and viral pigmented plaques, and have been rarely associated with the development of oral and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas in their canine hosts. FcaPVs are associated with oral papillomas, viral plaques, and Bowenoid in situ carcinomas. The present review provides readers with the more recent advances on dog and cat papillomavirus research, bringing an update on this field to both veterinary practitioners and the virology community at large.

Producción científica de la Revista Cubana de Informática Médica desde el año 2017 hasta el 2021

Introducción: La Bibliometría como ciencia, permite el análisis detallado de las publicaciones, se hace cada vez más necesaria, y en el campo investigativo ha creado tendencia. Objetivo: Describir la producción científica de la Revista Cubana de Informática Médica en el periodo desde 2017 hasta 2021. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal mediante el análisis bibliométrico de la Revista Cubana de Informática Médica desde 2017 hasta 2021. El universo lo conformaron 131 artículos publicados en el periodo de estudio. Se estudiaron las tipologías de artículos, la cantidad de artículos por años y de autores, así como el país de procedencia. Para el cálculo de la obsolescencia de las referencias se empleó el índice de Price. Resultados: El año 2021 presentó el mayor número de publicaciones en el periodo de estudio para un 25,19 %, los artículos originales representaron el 68,70 % del total. La cantidad de autores por artículos que predominó fue 3, lo que representa el 25,95 %. Se destacan los artículos de Cuba con el 90,08% del total. Los manuscritos de revisión mostraron el mayor índice de Price con 0.96 y los originales el menor con un 0.66. Conclusiones: La Revista Cubana de Informática Médica ha mantenido un crecimiento en las publicaciones, destacándose en el año 2021 el incremento de artículos originales, predominaron las publicaciones con 3 autores, Cuba es el país que más aportó. Las revisiones mostraron mayor nivel de actualidad de las referencias bibliográficas que los originales.

Introduction: Bibliometrics as a science allows the detailed analysis of publications, becoming more and more necessary and creating a trend in the research field. Objective: To describe the scientific production of the Cuban Journal of Medical Informatics in the period from 2017 to 2021. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study by conducting the bibliometric analysis of the Cuban Journal of Medical Informatics from 2017 to 2021. The universe consisted of 131 articles published in this study period. The typologies of articles, the number of articles and authors per years, and the country of origin were revealed in the study. Price index was the indicator used to calculate the obsolescence of references. Results: The year 2021 presented the highest number of publications in the aforementioned study period (25.19%); original articles accounted for 68.70% of the total. The predominant number of authors per articles was 3, representing 25.5%. Cuban articles stood out with 90.08% of the total of articles. Review manuscripts showed the highest Price index (0.96) while original articles revealed the lowest one (0.66). Conclusions: The Cuban Journal of Medical Informatics has maintained a growth in publications, standing out an increase in original articles in 2021 and predominating those publications with 3 authors. The reviews showed higher level of currentness of bibliographic references than original works.

Chemical composition, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in mice of the essential oil of Psidium cattleyanum Sabine leaves.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: One of the native species of the genus most often mentioned by traditional people is Psidium cattleyanum Sabine, which is used mostly to treat disorders of the respiratory, genitourinary, and digestive systems. These symptoms are mainly treated by the decoction of the leaves. Additionally, there are gaps in the in vivo and toxicity investigations of this species. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was evaluate antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory potential of essential oil from P. cattleyanum leaves in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to examine the essential oil of P. cattleyanum. The acute toxicity test was then done with a 2000 mg/kg dosage. The oil at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg orally, as well as the reference medications Morphine 10.0 mg/kg IP and/or Indomethacin 20.0 mg/kg IP, were tested using nociception (abdominal writhing, formalin, and tail immersion) and inflammatory models (paw edema and peritonitis). RESULTS: The phytochemical assay showed a high concentration of ß-caryophyllene (46.68%) and α-caryophyllene (10.81%). In the in vivo assays, P. cattleyanum essential oil proved to be an important antinociceptive agent, reaching 76.96% inhibition of abdominal writhing with acetic acid and 67.12% in the formalin assay. An increase in latency time in the tail test was also reported. In the test with carrageenan, the oil showed significant inhibition compared to the control. A decrease in the migration of leukocytes was also reported in the group treated with P. cattleyanum, reaching 60.49% at the dose of 200 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS: The essential oil from the leaves of P. cattleyanum has anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive action and has potential for application in the pharmaceutical and food industry.

Mortalidade por HIV/aids em adolescente e adulto jovem: análise deséries temporais / Mortality from HIV/AIDS in adolescents and young adults: a temporal time series

RESUMO Objetivo analisar a tendência da mortalidade por HIV/aids em adolescente e adulto jovem. Métodos estudo ecológico, de séries temporais, referente aos óbitos por HIV/aids em adolescentes e adultos jovens, de 2009-2019, no Brasil e regiões de residência, com registros do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade. Utilizaram-se fatores de correção das taxas de mortalidade, e a análise foi realizada por meio da modelagem de regressão polinomial. Resultados foram analisados 6.344 óbitos por HIV/aids entre adolescentes e jovens. Observaram-se altas taxas de mortalidade entre adultos jovens em comparação às observadas nos adolescentes, tendência crescente na região Norte, entre a faixa etária de 10 a 14 anos. Houve maior taxa de mortalidade para o sexo masculino em todas as regiões, redução da taxa média anual para o branco e aumento para raça/cor parda. Conclusão nota-se tendência de aumento com posterior decréscimo nos últimos anos, com importantes disparidades regionais. A faixa etária de 20 a 24 anos e o sexo masculino apresentaram maiores taxas médias de óbitos ocasionadas por esse agravo. Contribuições para a prática os achados conduzem especialmente ao planejamento em saúde, considerando especificidades do público e das regiões com maiores tendências, aprimorando, assim, as políticas públicas.

ABSTRACT Objective to analyze the trends of mortality from HIV/AIDS in adolescents and young adults. Methods ecological, time series investigation of deaths by HIV/AIDS in adolescents and young adults, from 2009-2019 in Brazil, in populated areas included in records from the System of Information on Mortality. We applied correcting factors to the mortality rates and carried out analysis using polynomial regression modeling. Results we analyzed 6,344 deaths by HIV/AIDS in adolescents and young adults. We found high mortality rates in young adults when compared to adolescents. There was a growing trend in the north of the country, in the age group from 10 to 14. Mortality rates were higher among males in all regions, with a reduction in the mean rate for white persons and an increase for black/brown persons. Conclusion there was an increasing trend, followed by a decrease in the last few years, with relevant differences between regions. The age group from 20 to 24 and males presented the highest mean rates of deaths from this disease. Contributions to practice most of all, our findings give support to health planning, considering the specificities of the public and the regions with the most growing trends, thus helping improve public policies.

Characterization of the Human Papillomavirus 16 Oncogenes in K14HPV16 Mice: Sublineage A1 Drives Multi-Organ Carcinogenesis.

The study of human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced carcinogenesis uses multiple in vivo mouse models, one of which relies on the cytokeratin 14 gene promoter to drive the expression of all HPV early oncogenes. This study aimed to determine the HPV16 variant and sublineage present in the K14HPV16 mouse model. This information can be considered of great importance to further enhance this K14HPV16 model as an essential research tool and optimize its use for basic and translational studies. Our study evaluated HPV DNA from 17 samples isolated from 4 animals, both wild-type (n = 2) and HPV16-transgenic mice (n = 2). Total DNA was extracted from tissues and the detection of HPV16 was performed using a qPCR multiplex. HPV16-positive samples were subsequently whole-genome sequenced by next-generation sequencing techniques. The phylogenetic positioning clearly shows K14HPV16 samples clustering together in the sub-lineage A1 (NC001526.4). A comparative genome analysis of K14HPV16 samples revealed three mutations to the human papillomaviruses type 16 sublineage A1 representative strain. Knowledge of the HPV 16 variant is fundamental, and these findings will allow the rational use of this animal model to explore the role of the A1 sublineage in HPV-driven cancer.

Crianças e adolescentes com diabetes: ações educativas no desenvolvimento de habilidades para o autocuidado / Niños y adolescentes con diabetes: acciones educativas eneldesarrollo de habilidades para el autocuidado / Children and adolescents with diabetes: educational actions in the development of skills for self-care

Objetivo: Analisar o processo de construção de uma proposta de orientação para o cuidado em Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1, a partir de conhecimentos e habilidades em práticas de cuidado de crianças, adolescentes e suas mães. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo, convergente-assistencial, com 16 crianças e adolescentes com diagnóstico de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1, e suas mães, atendidos em um ambulatório de endocrinologia. Resultados: identificou-se dificuldades similares entre mães e filhos, acerca do conhecimento da doença, e das ações de cuidado. Tal diagnóstico subsidiou o desenvolvimento de intervenções educativas. Conclusão: os participantes não apresentavam conhecimentos suficientes sobre a doença e os cuidados para garantir o controle adequado do diabetes. A construção de proposta educativa proporcionou uma relação horizontal e dialógica entre as pesquisadoras e os participantes.(AU)

Objective: To analyze the process of building an orientation proposal for the care of type 1 Diabetes Mellitus,based on knowledge and skills in care practices for children, adolescents and their mothers. Methods: Qualitative, convergent-assistance study, with 16 children and adolescents diagnosed with type 1 Diabetes Mellituand their mothers, attended at anendocrinology outpatient clinic. Results: similar difficulties were identified between mothers and children regarding knowledge ofthe disease and care actions. This diagnosis supported the development of educational interventions. Conclusion: the participantsdid not have sufficient knowledge about the disease and care to ensure adequate control of diabetes. The construction of aneducational proposal provided a horizontal and dialogic relationship between the researchers and the participants.(AU)

Objetivo:Analizarelproceso de construcción de una propuesta de orientación para el cuidado de la Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1, a partir de conocimientos y habilidades enlasprácticas de cuidado a niños, adolescentes y sus madres. Métodos:Estudiocualitativo, asistencial convergente, con 16 niños y adolescentes con diagnóstico de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1, y sus madres, atendidos enunambulatorio de endocrinología. Resultados: se identificarondificultades similares entre madres e hijosencuanto al conocimiento de laenfermedad y acciones de cuidado. Este diagnóstico apoyóeldesarrollo de intervenciones educativas. Conclusión:los participantes no poseíanconocimientos suficientes sobre laenfermedad y los cuidados para garantizarunadecuadocontrol de la diabetes. La construcción de una propuesta educativa proporcionó una relación horizontal y dialógica entre los investigadores y los participantes.(AU)

A maternidade e a transmissão vertical do HIV/ AIDS em gestantes adolescentes soropositivas: Revisão integrativa / Maternidad y transmisión vertical del VIH/SIDA en adolescentes embarazadas con VIH/SIDA: Revisión integrativa / Maternity and vertical transmission of HIV/AIDs in HIV/AIDS pregnant adolescents: Integrative review

Objetivo: analisar as percepções de mães adolescentes com HIV/Aids sobre a gestação e a transmissão vertical. Método: Estudo de revisão integrativa de literatura. As bases de informação utilizadas foram: Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), Web of Science, PubMed e Science Direct, reunindo artigos do recorte temporal de 2012 a 2020. O período de coleta de dados se deu entre outubro de 2021 a dezembro de 2021. Resultados: Elencaram-se dois artigos que relataram a condição biopsicossocial da gestante adolescente, associada ao medo, insegurança, incapacidade e culpabilização. Os resultados foram agrupados em categorias, a saber: a maternidade sob ótica da adolescente soropositiva e a transmissão vertical do HIV durante a gestação na adolescência. Conclusão: Espera-se que a temática possa ser explorada a fim de contribuir para a assistência voltada para o público estudado e minimizar os riscos da transmissão vertical.(AU)

Objective: to analyze the perceptions of adolescent mothers with HIV/AIDS about pregnancy and vertical transmission. Method: Study of integrative literature review. The information bases used were: Virtual Health Library (VHL), Web of Science, PubMed and Science Direct, gathering articles from the time frame from 2012 to 2020. The data collection period took place between October 2021 and December 2021. Results: Two articles were reported on the biopsychosocial condition of pregnant adolescents, associated with fear, insecurity, disability and guilt. The results were grouped into categories, that is: maternity from the perspective of hiv-positive adolescents and vertical transmission of HIV during pregnancy in adolescence. Conclusion: It is expected that the theme can be explored in order to contribute to the assistance aimed at the studied public and minimize the risks of vertical transmission.(AU)

Objetivo: analizar las percepciones de las madres adolescentes con VIH/SIDA sobre el embarazo y la transmisión vertical. Método: Estudio de la revisión integradora de la literatura. Las bases de información utilizadas fueron: Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS), Web of Science, PubMed y Science Direct, recopilando artículos del marco de tiempo de 2012 a 2020. El período de recolección de datos tuvo lugar entre octubre de 2021 y diciembre de 2021. Resultados: Se reportaron dos artículos sobre la condición biopsicosocial de adolescentes embarazadas, asociada con miedo, inseguridad, discapacidad y culpa. Los resultados se agruparon en categorías, es decir: maternidad desde la perspectiva de las adolescentes seropositivas y transmisión vertical del VIH durante el embarazo en la adolescencia. Conclusión: Se espera que el tema pueda ser explorado con el fin de contribuir a la asistencia dirigida al público estudiado y minimizar los riesgos de transmisión vertical.(AU)

Characterizing the Inflammatory Microenvironment in K14-HPV16 Transgenic Mice: Mast Cell Infiltration and MicroRNA Expression.

High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the etiologic agent of several types of cancer. Mast cells' role as either a driving or opposing force for cancer progression remains controversial. MicroRNAs are dysregulated in several HPV-induced cancers, and can influence mast cell biology. The aim of this study was to evaluate mast cell infiltration and to identify microRNAs potentially regulating this process. Transgenic male mice (K14-HPV16; HPV+) and matched wild-type mice (HPV−) received 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) (or vehicle) over 17 weeks. Following euthanasia, chest skin and ear tissue samples were collected. Mast cell infiltration was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. MicroRNAs associated with mast cell infiltration were identified using bioinformatic tools. MicroRNA and mRNA relative expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR. Immunohistochemistry showed increased mast cell infiltration in HPV+ mice (p < 0.001). DMBA did not have any statistically significant influence on this distribution. Ear tissue of HPV+ mice showed increased mast cell infiltration (p < 0.01) when compared with chest skin samples. Additionally, reduced relative expression of miR-125b-5p (p = 0.008, 2−ΔΔCt = 2.09) and miR-223-3p (p = 0.013, 2−ΔΔCt = 4.42) seems to be associated with mast cell infiltration and increased expression of target gene Cxcl10. These results indicate that HPV16 may increase mast cell infiltration by down-regulating miR-223-3p and miR-125b-5p.

Expression of LncRNAs in HPV-induced Carcinogenesis and Cancer Cachexia: A Study in K14-HPV16 Mice.

AIM: To evaluate the expression of lincRNA-p21, H19, EMX2OS, SNHG12 and MALAT1 in a mouse model of human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16)-induced carcinogenesis and cachexia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Chest skin, ear, tongue, penis and gastrocnemius muscle samples from wild-type mice (HPV-) and K14-HPV16 male mice (HPV+) were collected to evaluate the expression of the selected lncRNAs using real-time PCR (qPCR). RESULTS: In chest skin and ear, H19, SNHG12, EMX2OS and lincRNA-p21 were down-regulated in HPV+ versus HPV- mice. In tongue and penile tissues, there was only down-regulation of lincRNA-p21 in HPV+ mice. Additionally, in penile tissue, lincRNA-p21 expression decreased in HPV-induced lesions comparing with normal tissues. In gastrocnemius muscle, MALAT1 was up-regulated and lincRNA-p21 was down-regulated in HPV+ versus HPV-mice. CONCLUSION: H19, SNHG12, EMX2OS and lincRNA-p21 may be involved in HPV-induced carcinogenesis. In addition, MALAT1 and lincRNA-p21 may play a role in muscle wasting and contribute to cancer cachexia.

Corrigendum: Pteridium spp. and Bovine Papillomavirus: Partners in Cancer.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.758720.].

Acetaminophen removal by calcium alginate/activated hydrochar composite beads: Batch and fixed-bed studies.

The occurrence of acetaminophen in surface water has been reported worldwide, indicating the need of alternative wastewater treatments. Activated hydrochar (AHC) is efficient for pharmaceuticals removal. Powdered AHC presents challenges that hamper its expansion. However, these issues can be overcome by adding polymers, such as alginate, in composite beads. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop and characterize alginate/brewer's spent grain AHC beads, applying them to acetaminophen adsorption in batch and fixed-bed experiments. The adsorbent presented a high surface area (533.42 m2 g-1) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that alginate assigned new functional groups to the composite. Batch studies revealed an endothermic behavior and maximum adsorption capacity of 165.94 mg g-1, with an equilibrium time of 240 min. The fixed-bed maximum adsorption capacity was 127.01 mg g-1, with a mass transfer zone of 5.89 cm. The importance of alginate for the adsorbent development has been successfully proven.

Tecnologia educacional digital sobre HIV/AIDS para adolescentes e jovens: protocolo de revisão de escopo / Digital educational technology on HIV/AIDS for adolescents and young adults: a protocol of scope review / Tecnología educativa digital sobre HIV/SIDA para adolescentes y jóvenes: protocolo de revisión del alcance

OBJETIVO: mapear as evidências científicas acerca do uso de tecnologia educacional digital em saúde relacionada ao HIV/AIDS, direcionada a adolescentes e jovens adultos. MÉTODO: trata-se de um protocolo de revisão de escopo, estruturado conforme diretrizes metodológicas do Instituto Joanna Briggs (JBI). Serão utilizadas seis bases de informação, com emprego dos descritores de saúde. O processo de busca, identificação e avaliação de artigos será realizado por dois avaliadores independentes, norteado pelos pressupostos estabelecidos pelo JBI, buscando responder à seguinte questão norteadora: "Quais as evidências científicas encontradas acerca do uso de tecnologia educacional digital em saúde relacionada ao HIV/AIDS, direcionada a adolescentes e jovens adultos?" Serão incluídos artigos publicados no idioma inglês, português ou espanhol, de domínio público e privado, e com diferentes abordagens metodológicas. Os resultados serão apresentados conforme as orientações do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. O protocolo foi registrado na Open Science Framework (OSF), sob registro nº 10.17605/OSF.IO/QK2G7.

OBJECTIVE: To track scientific evidences about the use of digital educational technology in health, related do HIV/AIDS, addressed to both adolescents and young adults. METHOD: This is about a scope revision protocol, structured according to methodological guidelines by the Joanna Brigs Institute (JBI). Six information bases will be used, applying health descriptors. The process for researching, identifying and evaluating articles will be carried out by two independent researchers, guided by plans as determined by the JBI, meant to answer the following driving question: "What evidences can be found about the use of digital educational technology in health, related to HIV/AIDS, addressed to both adolescents and young adults?". The research will include articles published in either English, Portuguese or Spanish, which are both private and public property and with different methodological approaches. The results will be presented as guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. The protocol was registered at the Open Science Framework (OSF) under Nr. 10.17605/OSF/QK2G7.

OBJETIVO: estructurar las evidencias científicas sobre el uso de tecnología educativa digital en salud relacionada con el HIV/SIDA, dirigida a adolescentes y adultos jóvenes. MÉTODO: se trata de un protocolo de revisión del alcance, estructurado conforme directrices metodológicas del Instituto Joanna Briggs (JBI). Se utilizarán seis bases de información, con el empleo de descriptores de salud. El proceso de búsqueda, identificación y evaluación de artículos será realizado por dos evaluadores independientes, guiado por los presupuestos establecidos por JBI, buscando responder a la siguiente pregunta orientadora: "¿Qué evidencias científicas se han encontrado sobre el uso de la tecnología educativa digital sanitaria relacionada con el HIV/SIDA, dirigida a adolescentes y adultos jóvenes?" Se incluirán artículos publicados en el idioma inglés, portugués o español, de dominio público y privado, y con diferentes enfoques metodológicos. Los resultados se presentarán de acuerdo con las orientaciones del Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. El protocolo se ha registrado en Open Science Framework (OSF), bajo número 10.17605/OSF.IO/QK2G7.

Comparison of Gelatin Flavors for Oral Dosing of C57BL/6J and FVB/N Mice.

Precise oral dosing in rodents is usually achieved by intragastric gavage. If performed incorrectly due to technical difficulties, inexperience, or animal resistance, oral gavage may have animal welfare implications such as esophageal and gastric rupture and aspiration. The stress that is induced by this procedure can also lead to confounding results. In several animal models, drug vehicles must be sugar-free, deliver drugs in a specific formulation, and sometimes supply water. Gelatin has all of these properties. The current study aimed to evaluate the use of gelatin vehicles with different sensory features as an alternative to oral gavage. We investigated the time taken by 2 different inbred mouse strains, FVB/N and C57BL/6J, to ingest sugar-free gelatin pellets of varying flavors. Results showed that FVB/N mice took more time to eat the unflavored, strawberry and diet-flavored gelatin pellets than did C57BL/6J mice. Both strains showed low preference for lemon flavor, with the same ingestion times after the second day. This study showed that the C57BL/6J mice are more likely to eat gelatin than are FVB/N mice, and that the 2 strains of mice show a lower preference for lemon flavoring as compared with other flavors. This method of voluntarily oral administration offers an alternative to gavage for studies that use oral dosing studies.

Atenção à gestação de alto risco: estratégias de segurança do paciente / Attention to high-risk pregnancy: patient safety strategies

Objetivo: identificar as estratégias de segurança do paciente adotadas pela equipe multiprofissional na gestação de alto risco. Método: estudo descritivo, qualitativo, realizado com a equipe multiprofissional responsável pelo atendimento especializado à gestação de alto risco de um município do sul do Brasil. As entrevistas aconteceram em março de 2020 e os resultados foram agrupados em categorias temáticas. Resultados: evidenciou-se duas temáticas: segurança no acolhimento e fluxo de atendimento à gestante de alto risco, representado pelo papel da atenção primária e secundária na assistência à gestante, com a identificação precoce dos fatores de risco e/ou agravos à gestação e orientações à segurança da gestante de alto risco, identificando a necessidade de cuidado multiprofissional individualizado às necessidades da gestante. Conclusão: as estratégias para segurança da gestante de alto risco ultrapassam os protocolos de segurança e denotam a necessidade de adaptação ao contexto da atenção secundária.

Objetivo: identificar las estrategias de seguridad del paciente adoptadas por el equipo multiprofesional en la gestación de alto riesgo. Método: estudio descriptivo, cualitativo, realizado con el equipo multiprofesional responsable por la atención especializada a la gestación de alto riesgo de un municipio del sur de Brasil. Las entrevistas tuvieron lugar en marzo de 2020 y los resultados se agruparon en categorías temáticas. Resultados: se evidenciaron dos temáticas: seguridad en la acogida y flujo de atención a la gestante de alto riesgo, representado por el papel de la atención primaria y secundaria en la asistencia a la gestante, con la identificación temprana de los factores de riesgo y/o agravios a la gestación y orientaciones a la seguridad de la gestante de alto riesgo, identificando la necesidad de cuidado multiprofesional individualizado a las necesidades de la gestante. Conclusión: las estrategias para seguridad de la gestante de alto riesgo sobrepasan los protocolos de seguridad y denotan la necesidad de adaptación al contexto de la atención secundaria.

Objectives: identify the patient safety strategies adopted by the multiprofessional team in high-risk pregnancies. Methods: descriptive and qualitative method, carried out with the multidisciplinary team responsible for specialized care for high-risk pregnancies of a city located in the south of Brazil. Results: there were two themes: security in the reception and flow of care for high-risk pregnant women, represented by the role of primary and secondary care in assisting pregnant women, with the early identification of risk factors and problems with pregnancy; and, guidelines for the safety of high-risk pregnant women, identifying the need for multidisciplinary care tailored to the needs of the pregnant woman. Conclusions: strategies for the safety of high-risk pregnant women permeate safety protocols and denote the need to adapt to the context of secondary care.

Repercussões da pandemia de COVID-19: assistência da população pediátrica na Atenção Primária à Saúde / Repercussions of the pandemic of COVID-19: care of the pediatric population in Primary Health Care

RESUMO Objetivo descrever as repercussões da pandemia da COVID-19 na assistência à população pediátrica na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos estudo qualitativo realizado com 28 coordenadores da atenção primária vinculados a uma regional de saúde. Importaram-se os dados para o Programa NVivo Release, para realização da análise de conteúdo. Resultados houve redução do acesso à atenção primária para ações de prevenção e promoção da saúde da criança, intensificando a assistência baseada no modelo biomédico em detrimento da vigilância do desenvolvimento infantil bem como da necessidade de (re)organização da assistência por meio de novas estratégias. Conclusão a pandemia apresentou uma repercussão negativa na assistência à saúde infantil representada pela redução da procura e da demanda pediátrica na atenção primária à saúde, contudo, identificou-se que os serviços se reorganizaram por meio de novos agendamentos e teleatendimentos a fim de manter os princípios da atenção primária e do sistema único de saúde. Contribuições para a prática o estudo possibilitou a identificação de novas formas de organização da saúde no que se refere ao atendimento da criança na atenção primária no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19. Pois, o uso da telessaúde, pode contribuir para o acompanhamento do público infantil em outras realidades.

ABSTRACT Objective to describe the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the care of the pediatric population in Primary Health Care. Methods qualitative study conducted with 28 primary care coordinators linked to a regional health region. Data were imported into the NVivo Release Program for content analysis. Results there was a reduction of access to primary care for actions of prevention and promotion of child health, intensifying assistance based on the biomedical model to the detriment of surveillance of child development as well as the need for (re)organization of assistance through new strategies. Conclusion the pandemic had a negative repercussion on child health care represented by the reduction in demand and pediatric demand in Primary Health Care, however, it was identified that services were reorganized through new appointments and tele-attendance to maintain the principles of primary care and the Brazilian Unified Health System. Contributions to practice the study enabled the identification of new forms of health organization regarding the care of children in primary care in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Because, the use of telehealth can contribute to the monitoring of children in other realities.