Thermal Profiles in Water Injection Wells: Reduction in the Systematic Error of Flow Measurements during the Transient Regime.

This article presents an analytical solution for calculating the flow rate in water injection wells based on the established thermal profile along the tubing. The intent is to minimize the intrinsic systematic error of classic quasi-static methodologies, which assume that all thermal transience on well completion has passed. When these techniques are applied during the initial hours of injection well operation, it can result in errors higher than 20%. To solve this limitation, the first law of thermodynamics was used to define a mathematical model and a thermal profile was established in the injection fluid, captured by using distributed temperature systems (DTSs) installed inside the tubing. The geothermal profile was also established naturally by a thermal source in the earth to determine the thermal gradient. A computational simulation of the injection well was developed to validate the mathematical solution. The simulation intended to generate the fluid's thermal profile, for which data were not available for the desired time period. As a result, at the cost of greater complexity, the systematic error dropped to values below 1% in the first two hours of well operation, as seen throughout this document. The code was developed in Phyton, version 1.7.0., from Anaconda Navigator.

Genomic history of coastal societies from eastern South America.

Sambaqui (shellmound) societies are among the most intriguing archaeological phenomena in pre-colonial South America, extending from approximately 8,000 to 1,000 years before present (yr BP) across 3,000 km on the Atlantic coast. However, little is known about their connection to early Holocene hunter-gatherers, how this may have contributed to different historical pathways and the processes through which late Holocene ceramists came to rule the coast shortly before European contact. To contribute to our understanding of the population history of indigenous societies on the eastern coast of South America, we produced genome-wide data from 34 ancient individuals as early as 10,000 yr BP from four different regions in Brazil. Early Holocene hunter-gatherers were found to lack shared genetic drift among themselves and with later populations from eastern South America, suggesting that they derived from a common radiation and did not contribute substantially to later coastal groups. Our analyses show genetic heterogeneity among contemporaneous Sambaqui groups from the southeastern and southern Brazilian coast, contrary to the similarity expressed in the archaeological record. The complex history of intercultural contact between inland horticulturists and coastal populations becomes genetically evident during the final horizon of Sambaqui societies, from around 2,200 yr BP, corroborating evidence of cultural change.

[Stomatological management of patients with liver disease: a review of the literature]. / Manejo estomatológico del paciente con hepatopatías: una revisión de la literatura.

Introduction: The liver is the organ responsible for the metabolism of nutrients, some drugs, and the production of coagulation factors. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 23 million people worldwide are diagnosed with liver disease each year. As a result, it is common for dentists to encounter these patients on a daily basis in their practice. The objective of this review is to establish the dental management of patients with liver disease. Material and methods: A manual literature search was conducted using the indexed articles in PUBMED and EBSCO databases using the keywords "oral surgery," AND "liver disease," AND "hepatic cirrhosis," AND "dental management". Results: Patients with liver disease present important characteristics for the dentist, which must be recognized in order to perform procedures with the lowest risk of intraoperative and postoperative complications. A patient with poorly controlled underlying liver disease is more prone to infections and bleeding, which implies a high risk of morbidity. Conclusions: Dental care for patients with liver disease should be assessed according to the reason for consultation, control of the disease, the complexity of the procedure to be performed, and both intraoperative and postoperative hemostatic measures. All necessary hemostatic measures should be considered and dose adjustments should be considered in the use of NSAIDs.

Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer Using HYpofractionation Directed by UltraSound (RAPHYDUS): A Brazilian Public Health Care System Study.

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the toxicity associated with a short course dose-escalated hypofractionated radiation therapy (HFRT) using image guided RT with or without androgen suppression therapy in patients with prostate cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This single-center prospective observational study included 132 patients with prostate cancer from 2016 to 2020. Patients received HFRT using image guided RT (84%) with 3-dimensional (91%) or intensity modulated RT (9%). Total prescribed doses were 66 Gy (63%), 63 Gy (12%), and 60 Gy (24%) in 22, 21, or 20 daily fractions depending on organ-at-risk dose constraints. Acute toxicity was scored using Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria and the international prostate symptom index. The expanded prostate cancer index composite questionnaire was used to collect quality of life data (ranging from 0-100). RESULTS: The study population consisted of 111 patients who completed RT during a period of 3 years. The risk groups were as follows: low risk (12%), intermediate (32%), and high (56%). None of the patients had suspicious lymph nodes. Ninety percent received androgen suppression therapy. Maximum acute genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity peaked at grade 3 in 4 of 111 evaluated patients (4%) and at grade 2 in 7 of 111 evaluated patients (8%), respectively. The average international prostate symptom score increased from 4.8 at pretreatment to 14.0 during week 4 and normalized (5.7) 3 months after treatment completion. CONCLUSIONS: The current HFRT dose-escalation trial has demonstrated the feasibility of administering 66 Gy in 22 fractions with low acute gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicities. Further follow-up will report late toxicities and outcomes.

Manejo quirúrgico del paciente con hemofilia sometido a cirugía bucal: Reporte de un caso clínico / Surgical management of the patient with hemophilia undergoing oral surgery: A case report

Resumen Introducción: La hemofilia es una deficiencia congénita de un factor de la coagulación, la cual consta en un trastorno recesivo asociado al cromosoma X, generando disminución o ausencia de actividad funcional del factor. Objetivo: Presentar una revisión narrativa de la literatura sobre pacientes hemofílicos, junto con un caso de manejo de un paciente con la condición. Metodología: Paciente de sexo femenino, 18 años, acude al postgrado de Cirugía y Traumatología bucomaxilofacial de la Universidad Andrés Bello de Santiago de Chile, derivada para realizar exodoncia de terceros molares debido al término de su mecánica ortodóntica. Al realizar la anamnesis próxima, la paciente relata padecer hemofilia A leve, y hace 6 meses presentó un 38% de factor VIII. Previo al tratamiento quirúrgico se solicitó un hemograma completo con examen de coagulación para medir el TTPA. Además, se realizó una interconsulta con el hematólogo tratante para evaluación de su patología y recomendaciones para efectuar la misma con la menor cantidad de riesgos intraquirúrgicos y postquirúrgicos, el cual sugirió la administración de factor VIII previo, y posterior al acto quirúrgico. Así mismo, se aplicaron medidas de hemostasia locales para mejor control y un correcto manejo analgésico postquirúrgico. Conclusión: La hemofilia, es un trastorno que requiere un minucioso manejo tanto pre, intra y postoperatorio de parte del odontólogo, donde los exámenes complementarios, comunicación con el hematólogo, procedimiento atraumático y un correcto manejo de la hemostasia, son fundamentales para el éxito del tratamiento.

Abstract Introduction: Hemophilia is a congenital deficiency of a coagulation factor, associated to a recessive pattern located in the X chromosome, which induces a lower or even absent functional activity of that factor. Objective: To provide a narrative review of the literature about haemophiliac patients, as well as a case report of a patient. Methods: Female patient, 18 years old, attended in the postgraduate of Maxillofacial Surgery of the Andrés Bello University to Santiago, Chile, derived to perform extractions of wisdom teeth due to the end of its orthodontic mechanics. At the anamnesis, the patient reports to suffer from mild hemophilia A, and 6 months ago she had 38% VIII factor. Prior to surgical treatment, a complete blood count with a coagulation test was requested to measure TTPA. In addition, an interconsultation was made with the treating hematologist to perform a correct management to assess of her pathology and recommendations to carry out it with the least amount of intrasurgical and post-surgical risks. Suggested the administration of factor of freeze-dried VIII factor before and after surgery. Local hemostasis measures were also applied for better control and proper post-surgical pain management. Conclusion: Hemophilia, requires the dentist to perform a thorough management pre, intra and postoperatory, in which complementary tests, communication with the hematologist, atraumatic procedure and a precise management of hemostasis, are key for the treatment's success.

System of Sensors and Actuators for the Production of Water Used in the Manufacture of Medicines.

This paper presents the development and implementation of a centralized industrial network for an automatic purified water production system used in the pharmaceutical industry. This implementation is part of a project to adapt an industrial plant to cope with advances in industrial technology to achieve the level of Industry 4.0. The adequacy of the instruments and the interconnection of the controllers made it possible to monitor the process steps by transforming a manual plant, with discontinuous production into an automated plant, improving the efficiency and quality of the produced water. The development of a supervisory system provides the operator with a panoramic view of the process, informing in real-time the behavior of the variables in the process steps, as well as storing data, event history and alarms. This system also prevented the collection of erroneous or manipulated data, making the process more transparent and reliable. Accordingly, we have been able to tailor this water treatment plant to operate within the minimum requirements required by the regulator.

Investigating the most appropriate methods for attached solids determination in moving-bed biofilm reactors.

Moving-bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) have been employed worldwide as an efficient technology for the treatment of a diverse set of wastewaters. Although the attached biomass represents the major fraction of solids in MBBR systems, there is still no standard for its reliable quantification. An extensive literature review indicated that several methods for attached biomass assessment are applied, hindering the comparability of results issued from different studies. Therefore, the most reported methods for biofilm quantification in the MBBR literature were compared using three different carriers. The results revealed that the performance of each method was biased depending on the carrier type and shape. Moreover, differences in total attached solids (TAS) concentrations varied from 13% up to more than 90%, depending on the employed method for a given carrier. Overall, direct weighing of the carrier containing the biofilm, accounting for the clean carrier weight, and manual extraction of the biofilm, preceded or not by sonication for at least 15 min, were the most suitable techniques for assessing TAS and the volatile/total solids ratio in non-porous medias, respectively. The results here presented may be used as a frame of reference for standardization of the methods for assessing the biofilm mass in MBBR carriers.

Study of Flow Rate Measurements Derived from Temperature Profiles of an Emulated Well by a Laboratory Prototype.

The objective of this work is the study of the procedure for flow rate measurement derived from temperature profiles. This method is deemed appropriate because of the inability to mount conventional flow meters in multiple-zone oil wells. In this work, a reduced-scale prototype well with horizontal geometry was developed to study and validate a method of flow profiling by temperature measurements in the well column based on a heat transfer mathematical model studied by Ramey in 1962. Flow sensors were installed at key points to provide validation data for the flow measurements derived from the temperature. The plant was automated and all the tests were managed from a workstation. It was possible to test different situations to provide a variability of evaluation scenarios. The initial experiments used injected fluid flow rates of 15 and 18 L/min in the well inlet. The results of the calculated flow values in different work conditions were compared with a relatively low error reference meter.

Avaliação das limitações do comportamento social dos moradores dos serviços residências terapêuticos de um pequeno município do estado do Rio de Janeiro / Assessment of social disablement among individuals living in therapeutic residential services in a small municipality of Rio de Janeiro state

Resumo Introdução Conhecer a dimensão das limitações do comportamento social em pessoas com transtornos mentais graves habitantes de serviços residenciais terapêuticos (SRT) é crucial para gestores e profissionais de saúde mental envolvidos na prestação de cuidados baseados na comunidade. Assim, realizou-se um estudo transversal em indivíduos que residem nesses serviços em uma pequena cidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Carmo). Objetivo Avaliar limitações do comportamento social dos entrevistados através da Escala de Comportamento Social (SBS). Método Os dados foram coletados em Janeiro/Fevereiro, 2017, utilizando a SBS. Resultados A amostra foi composta majoritariamente de homens, com idade média de 60,4 anos, analfabetos, com esquizofrenia e outros transtornos psicóticos, provenientes do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, sem contato com suas famílias, com um longo período de hospitalização prévia e recebendo benefícios. Aproximadamente 96% dos residentes mostraram, pelo menos, um problema de comportamento social, frequentemente relacionados à aparência pessoal/higiene, comunicação: tomando a iniciativa (a pessoas inicia as conversações?), lentidão, rir e falar sozinho, comportamento não especificado (qualquer outro comportamento ou atitude não previamente especificado, que parece estar atrasando o progresso da pessoa). Conclusão A população estudada apresentou alta frequência de limitação de problema social, podendo impedir sua reintegração, tornando-se necessário implementar programas de reabilitação social para este grupo.

Abstract Background Knowledge about the extent of social disablement among people with severe mental disorders living in therapeutic residential services is crucial for policy makers and mental health professionals involved in the delivery of community-base care. A cross-sectional study was conducted with people living in therapeutic residential services in the municipality of Carmo, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Objective Evaluate limitations of the social behavior of the interviewees through the Social Behavior Scale (SBS). Method Data were collected between January and February 2017 using the SBS. Results The sample was composed mostly of men from Rio de Janeiro state, with mean age of 60.4 years, illiterate, benefit recipients, with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders and a long period of previous hospitalization with no contact with their families. Approximately 96% of them showed at least one social behavior problem, often related to poor self-care, little spontaneous communication (Does the person start a conversation?), slowness, laughing and talking to self, and other problems (any other behavior or attitude not previously specified that seem to be delaying the progress of the person). Conclusion This population presented high frequency of social disablement that may prevent their social reintegration, evidencing the need for implementing social rehabilitation programs.

Atitudes dos trabalhadores de saúde mental em relação aos pacientes psiquiátricos em uma cidade do interior do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Attitudes of mental health workers' toward mentally ill patients in a small city situated in the Rio de Janeiro state

Resumo Introdução Existem poucos estudos acerca da avaliação das atitudes dos trabalhadores em saúde mental em relação aos indivíduos com transtornos mentais no Brasil, principalmente em cidades de médio e pequeno porte. Portanto, foi conduzido um estudo seccional para avaliar as atitudes dos profissionais de saúde mental que trabalham em uma pequena cidade do interior do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Método Foram avaliados 155 trabalhadores em saúde mental do município de Carmo, em novembro de 2015, utilizando a escala Community Attitudes Toward Mentally Ill (CAMI-BR). A CAMI tem quatro subescalas: Autoritarismo, Benevolência, Restrição Social e Ideologia de Saúde Mental Comunitária. Resultados Os trabalhadores, na sua maioria, apresentaram atitudes positivas para com os pacientes psiquiátricos. A subescala que teve pontuação mais alta foi Benevolência, seguida por Ideologia Comunitária, enquanto Restrição Social e Autoritarismo obtiveram as pontuações mais baixas. As variáveis que tiveram associação significativa com as atitudes positivas foram: faixa etária, categoria profissional e nível educacional. As pessoas mais jovens e com mais anos de estudo foram as que mostraram atitudes mais positivas. Os Cuidadores apresentaram atitudes mais negativas quando comparados às outras categorias. Conclusão Embora ainda persistam algumas atitudes autoritárias no cuidado dos pacientes psiquiátricos, os trabalhadores de Carmo têm atitudes positivas relacionadas às pessoas com transtorno mental e sua inclusão na comunidade, o que fortalece a implementação das reformas da assistência psiquiátrica no município.

Abstract Introduction As there are few studies about evaluation of attitudes of mental health workers towards individuals with mental disorders in Brazil, especially in small and medium-sized towns. A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess attitudes of mental health professionals working in a small city situated in the Rio de Janeiro State. Methods Data were collected using the Community Attitudes Towards Mentally Ill (CAMI-BR) in a population of mental health professionals working in Carmo in November 2015. The CAMI consists of four subscales: Authoritarianism, Benevolence, Social Restrictiveness and Community Mental Health Ideology. Results Most workers presented positive attitudes towards psychiatric patients. The subscale with the highest score was Benevolence followed by Community Ideology, while Social Restriction and Authoritarianism obtained the lowest scores. The following individual characteristics were associated with positive attitudes: age group, professional category and educational level, being the youngest people with higher level education showing more positive attitudes. The caregivers presented more negative attitudes when compared to the other categories. Conclusion Although there are still some authoritarian professionals` attitudes in the care of psychiatric patients in Carmo, these workers have positive attitudes related to the treatment of people with mental disorders and their inclusion in the community, which strengthens the implementation of psychiatric care reforms in the town.

Validação transcultural da Escala CONNECT – Uma medida de continuidade do cuidado em serviços de saúde mental / Cross-cultural validation of the Portuguese version (Brazil) CONNECT – A care continuity as mental health services

RESUMO Objetivo Realizar validação transcultural da versão em português (Brasil) da CONNECT – Uma medida de continuidade do cuidado em serviços de saúde mental, em uma amostra de 150 indivíduos com transtornos mentais graves. Métodos A validação de constructo foi realizada utilizando-se a Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP). A concordância foi determinada pelo Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (ICC). Também foi realizada a análise de correlação entre os itens da escala, as subescalas e a escala geral. Resultados Os entrevistados tinham idade média de 48,91 anos, sendo maioria homens (60%), diagnosticados com esquizofrenia (70,7%). O ICC encontrado foi bom ou quase perfeito em 7 das 9 subescalas e a correlação entre as subescalas e a escala geral foi significativa em todas as subescalas testadas. A ACP explicou 66,29% da variância de toda a escala por meio de nove fatores. Conclusão A ACP confirmatória executada apresenta uma estrutura correspondente à estrutura original da escala. Até o momento a CONNECT é o único instrumento de avaliação da continuidade do cuidado desses pacientes que está adaptado ao contexto brasileiro. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo mostram que a versão Brasileira da Escala CONNECT pode ser utilizada com segurança.

ABSTRACT Objective Perform cross-cultural validation of the Portuguese version (Brazil) CONNECT – A care continuity as mental health services, in a sample of 150 individuals with severe mental disorders. Methods A construct validation was performed using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The agreement was determined by Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). It was also performed a correlation analysis between the items of the scale, subscales and general scale. Results Respondents had an average age of 48.91 years, most were men (60%) diagnosed with schizophrenia (70.7%). The ICC found was good and almost perfect in 7 of the 9 subscales, the correlation between subscales and the overall scale was significant in all tested subscales. The PCA explained 66.29% of the variance of all scale through nine factors. Conclusion PCA demonstrated a structure corresponding to the original structure of the scale. By the time the CONNECT is the only assessment tool of continuity of care of these patients is adapted to the Brazilian context. The results of this study show that the Brazilian version of CONNECT scale can be used safely.

TGF-beta alterations in oral squamous cell carcinoma: narrative review / Alteraciones de TGF-beta en el carcinoma oral de células escamosas: revisión narrativa

The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is a cytokine that plays crucial roles in the regulation of angiogenesis, immune response, proliferation, migration and apoptosis of cells. In addition, it can inhibit cell progression and stimulate apoptosis in early stages of cancer. TGF-beta is a multifunctional homodimeric protein secreted by various cell lines, which have three different isoforms: TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 and TGF-beta3. In normal conditions, TGF-beta1 activates some tumor suppressor cell signaling pathways that inhibit proliferation and are involved in cell migration, differentiation and apoptosis. However, in more advanced stages of cancer, when TGF-beta1 is altered, it acts as a promoter of tumorigenesis and may cause: 1) increased TGF-beta1, 2) overexpression of TGF-beta1 receptors (TbetaR), 3) TbetaR mutations, and 4) downregulation of TGF-beta receptor. In oral squamous cell carcinoma, the path is altered especially at the level of transmembrane receptors, with the TbetaR-II and TbetaR-III subtypes being the most affected. However, there is little information on the prognostic role it plays in the various types of cancers. It is important to study the signaling pathways of TGF-beta in order to develop techniques that may help detect their alterations and restore their normal operation. The objective of this review is to describe the alterations of TGF-beta in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

El factor de crecimiento transformante beta (TGF-beta) es una citocina que cumple funciones fundamentales en la regulación de la angiogénesis, respuesta inmune, proliferación, migración y apoptosis celular. Además, puede inhibir la progresión celular y estimular la apoptosis en etapas tempranas del cáncer. El TGF-beta es una proteína homodimérica multifuncional secretada por diversas líneas celulares, que presentan 3 isoformas: TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 y TGF-beta3. En condiciones normales TGF-beta1 activa a algunas vías de señalización celular supresoras de tumores que inhiben la proliferación, y participan en la migración, diferenciación y apoptosis. Sin embargo, cuando esta se ve alterada, en etapas más avanzadas del cáncer actúa como promotor de la tumorogénesis, pudiendo producir: 1) aumento del TGF-beta1, 2) sobre expresión de los receptores del TGF-beta1 (TbetaR), 3) mutaciones de TbetaR, y 4) falla en la regulación negativa de TbetaR. En el carcinoma oral de células escamosas, la vía se ve alterada especialmente a nivel de sus receptores transmembranales, siendo los subtipos TbetaR-II y TbetaR-III los más afectados. Sin embargo, es escasa la información sobre el rol pronóstico que juega en los diversos tipos de cánceres. Es importante estudiar las vías de señalización de TGF-beta para desarrollar técnicas que detecten sus alteraciones y restauren el funcionamiento del sistema. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir las alteraciones de TGF-beta en carcinoma oral de células escamosas.

Impacto da deambulação associada à mobilização precoce em pacientes críticos: revisão sistemática / Impact of walking associated with early mobilization in critically ill patients: systematic review

Objetivo: Verificar na literatura o impacto da deambulação associada à mobilização precoce em pacientes críticos internados em UTI. Métodos: Foram pesquisadas as bases de dados eletrônicas Cochrane, Pubmed, PEDro, Science Direct e SciELO, limitado aos últimos 10 anos incluindo ensaios clínicos randomizados, análises prospectivas e retrospectivas e estudos prospectivos controlados. A escala de Downs and Black e Downs and Black adaptada foi utilizada para avaliar a qualidade metodológica dos artigos. Resultados: Doze estudos foram revisados. Onze artigos utilizaram mobilização passiva e/ou ativa, exercícios ativos, sentar na cama e/ou poltrona, ortostatismo e deambular. Seis estudos avaliaram a morbimortalidade de um protocolo com enfoque em deambulação precoce, quatro avaliaram a segurança da mobilização precoce, dois o impacto na força muscular respiratória, e um investigou a relação da interrupção da sedação na mobilização precoce e outro artigo utilizou a prancha ortostática antes da deambulação. Conclusão: A deambulação impactou positivamente no tempo de internação hospitalar, de UTI e de ventilação mecânica em pacientes graves.

Objective: To evaluate the literature on the impact of walking and early mobilization in critically ill patients in ICUs admitting mechanically ventilated or not. Methods: The electronic databases Cochrane, Pubmed, PEDro, and Science Director SciELO limited to the last 10 years were surveyed, were included randomized controlled trials, prospective and retrospective analyzes and prospective controlled studies. The Downs and Black scale and adapted Downs and Black were used to assess the methodological quality of the articles. Results: Twelve studies were reviewed. Eleven articles used passive and / or active mobilization programs, active exercises, sit on the bed, chair, stand and walk. One article used an abdominal flat before start walking, six assessed impact on morbidity and mortality of a protocol focusing on early ambulation. Four studies evaluated the safety of early mobilization, two investigated the impact in the respiratory strength, and one investigated the interruption of sedation associated with early mobilization in ICU patients. Conclusion: Ambulation positive impact on length of hospital stays in ICU and mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients.

Manejo quirúrgico del paciente con hemofilia sometido a cirugía bucal: Reporte de un caso clínico

Introducción: La hemofilia es una deficiencia congénita de un factor de la coagulación, la cual consta en un trastorno recesivo asociado al cromosoma X, generando disminución o ausencia de actividad funcional del factor. Objetivo: Presentar una revisión narrativa de la literatura sobre pacientes hemofílicos, junto con un caso de manejo de un paciente con la condición. Metodología: Paciente de sexo femenino, 18 años, acude al postgrado de Cirugía y Traumatología bucomaxilofacial de la Universidad Andrés Bello de Santiago de Chile, derivada para realizar exodoncia de terceros molares debido al término de su mecánica ortodóntica. Al realizar la anamnesis próxima, la paciente relata padecer hemofilia A leve, y hace 6 meses presentó un 38% de factor VIII. Previo al tratamiento quirúrgico se solicitó un hemograma completo con examen de coagulación para medir el TTPA. Además, se realizó una interconsulta con el hematólogo tratante para evaluación de su patología y recomendaciones para efectuar la misma con la menor cantidad de riesgos intraquirúrgicos y postquirúrgicos, el cual sugirió la administración de factor VIII previo, y posterior al acto quirúrgico. Así mismo, se aplicaron medidas de hemostasia locales para mejor control y un correcto manejo analgésico postquirúrgico. Conclusión: La hemofilia, es un trastorno que requiere un minucioso manejo tanto pre, intra y postoperatorio de parte del odontólogo, donde los exámenes complementarios, comunicación con el hematólogo, procedimiento atraumático y un correcto manejo de la hemostasia, son fundamentales para el éxito del tratamiento.

Introduction: Hemophilia is a congenital deficiency of a coagulation factor, associated to a recessive pattern located in the X chromosome, which induces a lower or even absent functional activity of that factor. Objective: To provide a narrative review of the literature about haemophiliac patients, as well as a case report of a patient. Methods: Female patient, 18 years old, attended in the postgraduate of Maxillofacial Surgery of the Andrés Bello University to Santiago, Chile, derived to perform extractions of wisdom teeth due to the end of its orthodontic mechanics. At the anamnesis, the patient reports to suffer from mild hemophilia A, and 6 months ago she had 38% VIII factor. Prior to surgical treatment, a complete blood count with a coagulation test was requested to measure TTPA. In addition, an interconsultation was made with the treating hematologist to perform a correct management to assess of her pathology and recommendations to carry out it with the least amount of intrasurgical and post-surgical risks. Suggested the administration of factor of freeze-dried VIII factor before and after surgery. Local hemostasis measures were also applied for better control and proper post-surgical pain management. Conclusion: Hemophilia, requires the dentist to perform a thorough management pre, intra and postoperatory, in which complementary tests, communication with the hematologist, atraumatic procedure and a precise management of hemostasis, are key for the treatment's success.

CONNECT – Uma medida de continuidade do cuidado em serviços de saúde mental: adaptação transcultural e confiabilidade da escala / CONNECT – A measure of continuity of care in mental health services: cross-cultural adaptation and reliability of the scale

RESUMO Objetivo Realizar estudos de evidências quanto à adequação transcultural e a confiabilidade da versão em português (Brasil) da CONNECT – Uma medida de continuidade do cuidado em serviços de saúde mental, em uma amostra de 50 indivíduos com transtornos mentais graves. Métodos A adaptação transcultural foi realizada segundo o processo de tradução e adaptação de instrumentos (WHO). A confiabilidade foi avaliada pela consistência interna por meio do coeficiente alfa de Cronbach e pela estabilidade ao longo do tempo por meio do kappa ponderado, kappa ajustado pela prevalência (PABAK) e coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ICC). Resultados O processo de tradução e retrotradução da CONNECT resultou na versão em português adaptada para a cultura brasileira. Na apreciação da confiabilidade pelo PABAK, 34 itens apresentaram confiabilidade moderada, importante ou quase perfeita. A concordância pelo ICC apresentou-se fraca ou pobre para três subescalas, mas a maioria dos itens apresentou percentual de concordância acima de 50%. A consistência interna pelo alfa de Cronbach foi de moderada a alta, para três subescalas e para a composição da escala total, denotando a adequação e a coerência dos itens. Conclusão A CONNECT é a primeira medida de continuidade do cuidado adaptada para contexto cultural brasileiro. Sua adaptação mostrou adequação satisfatória entre a versão original e a versão em português. Os resultados para a maioria das subescalas se mostraram satisfatórios, porém diferiram de outros estudos sobre a CONNECT. Este estudo constitui a primeira fase para a obtenção de uma medida de continuidade do cuidado válida para pacientes brasileiros com transtornos mentais graves e persistentes, e estudos adicionais para examinar a validade ainda se fazem necessários.

ABSTRACT Objective Perform evidence studies and cross-cultural adaptation and the reliability of the Portuguese version (Brazil) of the CONNECT – A measure of continuity of care in mental health services, in a sample of 50 individuals with severe mental illnesses. Methods The cross-cultural adaptation was performed according to the process of translation and adaptation of instruments (WHO). Reliability was assessed by internal consistency by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and by stability over time through the weighted kappa, kappa adjusted for prevalence (PABAK) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results The process of translation and back translation of CONNECT resulted in the Portuguese version adapted to Brazilian culture. In the assessment of reliability for PABAK, 34 items showed moderate reliability and significant or almost perfect. The agreement by the ICC was weak or poor for three subscales, but since most of the items presented agreement percentage above 50%. The internal consistency by Cronbach’s alpha was moderate to high for three subscales and to the composition of full scalle denoting the appropriateness and consistency of the items. Conclusion CONNECT is the first measure of continuity of care adapted to the Brazilian cultural context. Its adaptation showed satisfactory suitability of equivalence between the original version and the version in Portuguese. The results for most subscales were satisfactory, however, differed from other studies on the CONNECT. This study is the first phase to obtain a valid measure of continuity of care for Brazilian patients with severe mental illnesses and additional studies to examine the validity of the CONNECT still are needed.

Satisfação de familiares com o atendimento oferecido por um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil (CAPSi) da cidade do Rio de Janeiro / Family satisfaction with a Children and Youth Psychosocial Care Center service (CAPSi) in the city of Rio de Janeiro

Resumo Introdução Após a reforma da assistência psiquiátrica, a família passou a ser parte integrante do processo de avaliação dos serviços de saúde mental. Nesse contexto, uma das medidas mais utilizadas para a avaliação do serviço é a satisfação. O presente estudo teve como objetivo a avaliação de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil (CAPSi) e sua relação com aspectos sociodemográficos e psicossociais entre familiares de pacientes desse serviço. Métodos Estudo epidemiológico seccional que utilizou: questionário sociodemográfico, escala de eventos de vida estressantes, de qualidade de vida, de sobrecarga, de apoio social e de estratégias de enfrentamento. Resultados Foram entrevistados 102 familiares, cuja média de satisfação global com o serviço foi de 3,9 (dp=0,6). Fatores relacionados à satisfação foram: resultados do tratamento, acolhida e competência do serviço, privacidade e confidencialidade do serviço, diagnóstico de autismo do paciente, ser familiar do sexo feminino, menor sobrecarga, melhor qualidade de vida nos aspectos físico, psicológico e ambiental, maior apoio material e maior utilização de estratégias de enfrentamento focalizadas no problema. Conclusão A identificação de fatores que influenciem a satisfação dos familiares com o serviço pode ser de grande auxílio para a construção de serviços mais adequados a essas famílias e pacientes.

Abstract Introduction Family has become an active participant of the evaluation of mental health services process following the psychiatric care reform. In this context, one of the most commonly used measures to evaluate the service is satisfaction. This study aimed to evaluate a CAPSi and its relationship to sociodemographic and psychosocial aspects, among relatives of its patients. Methods Sectional epidemiological study that used: sociodemographic questionnaire, scale of stressful life events, quality of life, burden, social support and coping strategies. Results 102 families were interviewed, whose average overall satisfaction with the service was 3,9 (sd = 0,6). Satisfaction related factors were: treatment outcomes, hospitality and service competence, service privacy and confidentiality, diagnosis of autism, being female relative, less burden, better quality of life regarding physical, psychological and environmental aspects, greater material support and greater use of coping strategies focused on the problem. Conclusion The identification of factors that may influence the families satisfaction with the service, can be of great help for the construction of more adequate services to these families and patients.

Satisfação dos familiares com os serviços de saúde mental para crianças e adolescentes: uma revisão sistemática / Family satisfaction with mental health services for children and adolescents: a systematic review

Introdução: A avaliação dos familiares sobre a satisfação com os serviços de saúde mental para crianças e adolescentes pode ser particularmente útil, pois tais serviços são os principais provedores de cuidados, o que afeta os resultados do tratamento. O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre a satisfação entre familiares com os serviços de saúde mental infantojuvenil, assim como analisar os fatores associados. Métodos: Busca de artigos publicados nas bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, CAPES Periódicos, LILACS/BIREME, Scopus e PsycINFO entre 1994 e 2014. Foram considerados critérios de inclusão: estudos epidemiológicos observacionais; com instrumentos validados; publicados em inglês, espanhol ou português; e que obtiveram pontuação acima de 12 pontos conforme critérios metodológicos do Checklist for Measuring Quality. Resultados: Em todos os estudos, os familiares estavam satisfeitos com os serviços de atendimento. Os principais fatores associados foram: menor gravidade dos sintomas, maior idade do paciente, maior frequência no serviço e diagnóstico de retardo mental, qualidade no atendimento individual, presença de atendimento familiar, menor nível educacional e cor branca dos familiares. Conclusão: Programas de assistência devem ficar atentos às medidas de satisfação, destacando a necessidade da integração da assistência em saúde mental com o familiar. O conhecimento dessa temática torna-se fundamental para a implantação de melhorias nos programas assistenciais.

Introduction: The evaluation of family members on satisfaction with mental health services for children and adolescents can be particularly useful, since they are the main providers of care affecting treatment outcomes. The objective was to conduct a systematic review of satisfaction among family members with services of infantojuvenil mental health as well as to analyze associated factors. Methods: Search articles published in the PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, CAPES Periódicos, LILACS/BIREME, Scopus and PsycINFO data between 1994 and 2014. Inclusion criteria were: observational epidemiological studies, with validated instruments; published in English, Spanish or Portuguese, and who achieved a score above 12 points as methodological criteria of the Checklist for Measuring Quality. Results: In all studies, the relatives were satisfied with customer services. The associated factors were less severe symptoms, greater patient age, more often in the service and diagnosis of mental retardation, quality individual care, presence of family care, lower educational level and the white family. Conclusion: Assistance programs beware measures of satisfaction, highlighting the need for integration of mental health care with the family. The knowledge of this issue becomes critical to implementation of improvements in welfare programs.

Evaluación de los cambios en la presión intraocular luego de inyección intravítrea de antiangiogénicos / Evaluation of intraocular pressure changes after intravitreal injections of antiangiogenics

Objetivo: determinar la magnitud de la variación en los valores de la presión intraocular (PIO) luego de la inyección intravítrea de antiangiogénicos. Diseño: serie de casos, observacional, cohorte prospectivo. Participantes: 90 ojos intervenidos de inyección intravítrea de antiangiogénicos. Métodos: a todos los pacientes se les administró bevacizumab o ranibizumab vía intravítrea como tratamiento para su patología subyacente. Se les hicieron controles de presión intraocular a los días 1, 8, 15 y 30 posterior a la inyección. El análisis de la descripción de las variables se realizó a través de medidas de tendencia central y calculo de tablas de frecuencia y gráficas. Para los análisis estadísticos se usó el programa Epi-info 3.5.1 de 2008 y SPSS versión 18 tomando como un valor significativo de los fenómenos una p<0.05. Resultados: La media de edad de los pacientes intervenidos fue de 67.27 años. 71 pacientes (79%) no tenían diagnóstico previo de glaucoma. Los valores de presión intraocular tendieron a la disminución de manera significativa (p<0.05) en todos los controles observándose una regresión a valores cercanos a la presión intraocular previa a la inyección hacia el día 30 post intervención. El comportamiento no varió independiente del tipo de antiangiogénico utilizado, el número de dosis empleada o el hecho de tener o no glaucoma previo. Conclusiones: la inyección de antiangiogénicos intravítreos parece ser segura en cuanto a las modificaciones que induce de la presión intraocular a corto y mediano plazo.

Purpose: to determine the quantity of variation in the values of Intraocular Pressure (IOP) after intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents. Design: case series, observational, prospective cohort. Participants: 90 eyes that underwent intravitreal injection of an anti-VEGF agent. Methods: all patients underwent intravitreal injection of Bevacizumab or Ranibizumab as treatment of their subsequent pathology. IOP was then measured at days 1, 8, 15 and 30 after the injection. Descriptive analyses with Epi-info 3.5.1 (2008) and SPSS (18) software was done. Results: mean age of the patients was 67.27 years old. 71 patients (79%) did not have previous glaucoma diagnosis. Th e IOP values tended to decrease in a signifi cant manner (p<0.05) in all the IOP control measures and a regression near to the prior to therapy IOP value was seen at the 30th day post injection. This behavior did not vary according to the type of anti-VEGF used, or the number of doses previously received, neither the previous diagnosis of glaucoma. Conclusions: intravitreal anti-VEGF injections are apparently safe related to the changes in IOP values they induce in the short and medium term.