Randomized trial of surveillance with abbreviated MRI in women with a personal history of breast cancer- impact on patient anxiety and cancer detection.

BACKGROUND: Abbreviated breast MRI (A-MRI) substantially reduces the image acquisition and reading times and has been reported to have similar diagnostic accuracy as a full diagnostic protocol but has not been evaluated prospectively with respect to impact on psychological distress in women with a prior history of breast cancer (PHBC). This study aimed to determine if surveillance mammography (MG) plus A-MRI reduced psychological distress and if A-MRI improved cancer detection rates (CDR) as compared to MG alone. METHODS: This prospective controlled trial of parallel design was performed at a tertiary cancer center on asymptomatic women with PHBC who were randomized into two groups: routine surveillance with MG or intervention of MG plus A-MRI in a 1:1 ratio. Primary outcome was anxiety measured by four validated questionnaires at three different time-points during the study. Other parameters including CDR and positive predictive value for biopsy (PPV3) were compared between imaging modalities of MG and A-MRI. Tissue diagnoses or 1 year of follow-up were used to establish the reference standard. Linear mixed models were used to analyze anxiety measures and Fisher's exact test to compare imaging outcomes. RESULTS: One hundred ninety-eight patients were allocated to either MG alone (94) or MG plus A-MRI (104). No significant group difference emerged for improvement in trait anxiety, worry and perceived health status (all Time-by-surveillance group interaction ps > .05). There was some advantage of A-MRI in reducing state anxiety at Time 2 (p < .05). Anxiety scores in all questionnaires were similarly elevated in both groups (50.99 ± 4.6 with MG alone vs 51.73 ± 2.56 with MG plus A-MRI, p > 0.05) and did not change over time. A-MRI detected 5 invasive cancers and 1 ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and MG detected 1 DCIS. A-MRI had higher incremental CDR (48/1000(5/104) vs MG 5/1000(1/198, p = 0.01)) and higher biopsy rates (19.2% (20/104) vs MG 2.1% (2/94), p < 0.00001) with no difference in PPV3 (A-MRI 28.6% (6/21) vs MG 16.7% (1/6, p > .05). CONCLUSION: There was no significant impact of A-MRI to patient anxiety or perceived health status. Compared to MG alone, A-MRI had significantly higher incremental cancer detection in PHBC. Despite a higher rate of biopsies, A-MRI had no demonstrable impact on anxiety, worry, and perceived health status. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT02244593 ). Prospectively registered on Sept. 14, 2014.

Prevalência e gravidade de asma em adolescentes de Belo Horizonte / Prevalence and severity of asthma in adolescents of Belo Horizonte

Objetivo: apresentar os resultados do International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Chil-dhood (ISAAC ) em Belo Horizonte, para verificar a prevalência de asma em adolescentes e otimizar as estratégias de sua assistência na rede pública. Métodos: estudo transversal com o questionário ISAAC, autoaplicado em adolescentes de 13 e 14 anos de idade, nas escolas municipais de Belo Horizonte. Resultados: foram avaliados 3.088 adolescentes (47,4 por cento masculinos). A prevalência de asma foi de 17,8 por cento (IC 95 por cento 16,5-19,2). As manifestações clínicas em 10,9 a 17,4 por cento dos adolescentes asmáticos eram compatíveis com a sua forma de mais gravidade. Não houve diferenças em relação à prevalência de sibilância nos últimos 12 meses quanto ao sexo, as as meninas responderam afirmativamente com mais frequncia às questões referentes a sibilos alguma vez na vida (RP=0,86, IC 95 por cento 0,80-0,93, p menor que 0,001) e tosse noturna nos últimos 12 meses (RP > 0,74, IC 95 por cento 0,68-0,80, p menor que 0,001). Conclusões: a elevada prevalência da asma brônquica ressalta a necessidade de implantação de program a de assistência aos adolescentes asmáticos, principalmente considerando que 15 por cento deles apresentam sintomas persistentes que requerem tratamento de manutenção em longo prazo.

Risk factors associated with occurrence of clinical deterioration after cessation of beclomethasone in asthmatic children and adolescents.

Despite recent advances in the treatment of asthma using inhaled corticosteroids, the outcome for children after its discontinuation is not well known. This study aims to analyze the rate of clinical deterioration and related risk factors after beclomethasone withdrawal in asthmatic children and adolescents. One hundred two subjects with moderate or severe persistent asthma, who had started treatment with beclomethasone at the age of 2-11 years, were followed for 1 year after drug cessation. Depending on the occurrence of clinical deterioration, they were allocated to two groups, and then comparisons were made with respect to clinical criteria and skin prick test results. Statistical analysis was undertaken by using descriptive statistics and Cox's regression model. Treatment with beclomethasone had to be restarted in 28 patients (27.5%) because of relapse. There was a significant association with the risk of clinical deterioration with mother's history of asthma [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.01-4.76, p = 0.04] and father's history of asthma and/or allergic rhinitis (HR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.06-5.26, p = 0.03). A period shorter than 6 months without symptoms before prophylaxis cessation (HR = 2.26, 95% CI = 0.98-5.26, p = 0.05) and atopy (RH = 2.75, 95% CI = 0.94-7.69, p = 0.06) were also associated with risk of relapse but with marginal statistical significance. Results suggest that clinical benefits were maintained for at least 1 year in the majority of the children after the cessation of prophylaxis. Special attention must be given to those with atopy and a parental history of asthma and rhinitis because of the risk of clinical deterioration.

Síndrome de Swyer-James-Macleod / Swyer-James-Macleod syndrome

A Síndrome de Swyer-James é uma afecção relativamente rara, sendo que a maioria dos casos relatados na literatura foi descrita em pacientes adultos. Com o aprimoramento dos métodos diagnósticos, sobretudo dos de imagem, o diagnóstico na infância vem-se tornando mais freqüente. Como a abordagem dessa síndrome em livros-texto especializados é feita de maneira sucinta e os artigos publicados em periódicos são escassos, sobretudo na faixa etária pediátrica, muitas vezes o pediatra e o pneumologista infantil encontram dificuldades no tratamento desses pacientes. Este artigo tem como objetivo fazer uma revisão dessa síndrome, com ênfase especial nos métodos diagnósticos e aspectos terapêuticos.

Swyer-James syndrome, in spite of being a quite rare disease during childhood, is now being more easily diagnosed with the help the new image methods like computerized tomography and scintilography. A revision of this syndrome is made, with emphasis on diagnosis and treatment besides a brief historical review since its first description in 1952.