RESUMO
Inflammatory bowel disease is a systemic illness that may involve the lung. The most common manifestation of pulmonary involvement is an asymptomatic reduction in lung transfer factor for carbon monoxide (Dlco) and a small airway disorders easy to find in subjects with active disease. Some patients show a bronchial inflammation and suppuration with or without bronchiectasis poorly responsive to antibiotics but responding dramatically to inhaled steroids. Others present a severe tracheal inflammation and obstruction with an inflammatory mass bulging into the tracheal lumen, these subjects usually respond to methylprednisolone, in rare cases an emergency laser ablation may be necessary. Interstitial lung disease and pulmonary infiltrate with eosinophilia are the most difficult patterns to address because in some cases drugs such as sulfasalazina and 5-aminosalicylate may play a contributing role.
Assuntos
Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/complicações , Pneumopatias/etiologia , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/efeitos adversos , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Aspirina/efeitos adversos , Aspirina/uso terapêutico , Broncopatias/tratamento farmacológico , Broncopatias/etiologia , Bronquiectasia/tratamento farmacológico , Bronquiectasia/etiologia , Criança , Colite Ulcerativa/complicações , Doença de Crohn/complicações , Doença de Crohn/tratamento farmacológico , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/efeitos adversos , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumopatias/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/etiologia , Eosinofilia Pulmonar/etiologia , Testes de Função Respiratória , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Sulfassalazina/efeitos adversos , Sulfassalazina/uso terapêutico , Fatores de Tempo , Doenças da Traqueia/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças da Traqueia/etiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Loss of spontaneous fluctuations in resting microcirculatory flow has been described in diabetes mellitus, but its mechanism remains unexplained. METHODS: The autonomic control of forearm skin microcirculation was investigated in 23 insulin-dependent diabetic human subjects (median age 39 years, range 27-50) and in 23 age-matched controls (median age 38 years, range 20-57), by laser-Doppler flowmetry. Using spectral analysis of spontaneous microvascular fluctuations, we measured the power of 0.1 Hz ('10-second rhythm') fluctuations, dependent on sympathetic control, and of respiration-related, high-frequency fluctuations, due to the transmission of mechanical chest activity. Autonomic function abnormalities were assessed by 5 tests of cardiovascular reflexes. RESULTS: Abnormalities in cardiovascular autonomic tests were present in 7/23 patients: deep breathing was abnormal 4 in patients, standing in 2, handgrip in 3, cross-correlation in 4, and Valsalva ratio in 0. The power of 0.1 Hz microcirculatory fluctuations was significantly lower in diabetic than in control subjects (2.57 +/- 0.16 vs 3.48 +/- 0.09 In-mV2, mean +/- s.e.m., P < 0.001), whereas that of respiratory fluctuations was similar (2.60 +/- 0.24 vs 2.56 +/- 0.19 In-mV2, P = n.s.). The 0.1 Hz power was 2 standard deviations below the mean of controls (P < 0.05) in 13/23 diabetic patients; this abnormality was significantly more frequent than abnormalities in any other autonomic test (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Since the observed reduction was confined to those microvascular fluctuations under autonomic control, but not to those dependent on passive mechanical transmission, the reduction in spontaneous microcirculatory vasomotion appears to be determined mainly by sympathetic dysfunction. Sympathetic impairment of skin microvascular control seems to be a common finding, and is probably an early index of autonomic dysfunction in insulin-dependent diabetes.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/fisiopatologia , Microcirculação/fisiologia , Pele/irrigação sanguínea , Adulto , Feminino , Antebraço , Humanos , Fluxometria por Laser-Doppler , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Processamento de Sinais Assistido por Computador , Sistema Nervoso Simpático/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
The Authors show the results of a research after 2 years from adenotonsillectomy or adenoidectomy. The comparison between the results after 6 and 24 months shows there are no differences among these results.
Assuntos
Adenoidectomia , Respiração Bucal/fisiopatologia , Obstrução Nasal/fisiopatologia , Tonsilectomia , Resistência das Vias Respiratórias , Cefalometria , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Manometria , Desenvolvimento MaxilofacialRESUMO
The nasal cycle is a phenomenon characterized by cyclic changes in the airflow resistance of each nasal fossa from congestion or constriction of the nasal erectile tissue. This phenomenon is caused by alterations in the influence exerted by the autonomic nervous system and is believed to be regulated by a hypothalamic center. In order to verify this hypothesis on the hypothalamic regulation of the nasal cycle, the authors studied a group of subjects with Kallmann's syndrome. This disorder is characterized by coexisting hypothalamic hypogonadism and hyposmia or anosmia due to hypothalamic and olfactory center hypoplasia. An anomalous nasal cycle was found in all the subjects with Kallmann's syndrome. This disorder might be related to hypothalamus atrophy.
Assuntos
Resistência das Vias Respiratórias , Hipogonadismo/fisiopatologia , Doenças Hipotalâmicas/fisiopatologia , Mucosa Nasal/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Humanos , Mucosa Nasal/irrigação sanguínea , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional , SíndromeRESUMO
In order to evaluate the occurrence of sympathetic impairment of skin microvascular control in diabetes, we evaluated the spectral analysis of forearm skin laser-Doppler fluctuations in nine insulin-dependent diabetic subjects and in 21 controls of similar age. Low-frequency oscillations (around 0.1 Hz) were significantly lower in diabetics than in controls (2.333 +/- 0.340 (mean +/- SEM) units vs. 3.486 +/- 0.093 units, P less than 0.001), whereas no significant differences were found between the two groups regarding high-frequency respiration-related oscillations. These results suggest that the loss of rhythmicity in diabetic subjects is selectively related to low-frequency oscillations, mostly under sympathetic control, and is likely to be dependent on autonomic abnormality.
Assuntos
Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiopatologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/fisiopatologia , Pele/irrigação sanguínea , Adulto , Eletrocardiografia , Humanos , Microcirculação/fisiopatologia , Valores de Referência , Fluxo Sanguíneo RegionalRESUMO
1. The prevalence of cardiac autonomic alterations was evaluated in 23 obese subjects with body mass index 37.2 +/- 3.03 kg/m2 (mean +/- SD), compared with 78 controls with body mass index 22.5 +/- 2.6 kg/m2 (P less than 0.001). 2. Cardiac autonomic function was assessed by four standard tests (heart rate response to deep breathing and to the Valsalva manoeuvre, systolic blood pressure fall after standing and diastolic pressure rise during handgrip) and by the cross-correlation test, a new method of computerized analysis of respiratory sinus arrhythmia based on spectral analysis of electrocardiographic and respiratory signal. 3. Considering tests indicative of parasympathetic function, only the heart rate response to the deep breathing and the cross-correlation test were significantly lower in the obese than in the control group [deep breathing = 13.95 +/- 8.65 beats/min (mean +/- SD) vs 24.5 +/- 7.65, P less than 0.001; cross-correlation 4.28 +/- 0.74 units vs 5.14 +/- 0.63, P less than 0.001]. Deep breathing and/or cross-correlation were abnormal in 10 (43.5%) obese subjects (deep breathing: seven subjects, cross-correlation: eight subjects). No significant difference between groups was found for the response to the Valsalva manoeuvre: the Valsalva ratio was 1.69 +/- 0.45 in obese subjects and 1.88 +/- 0.33 in controls (P = NS). The Valsalva ratio was abnormal in three obese subjects. 4. No significant differences were found between groups for tests indicative of sympathetic function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Assuntos
Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiopatologia , Coração/fisiopatologia , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Pressão Sanguínea , Feminino , Frequência Cardíaca , Humanos , Contração Isométrica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Respiração , Manobra de ValsalvaAssuntos
Anestesia Dentária , Assistência Odontológica para a Pessoa com Deficiência/legislação & jurisprudência , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido/legislação & jurisprudência , Adolescente , Adulto , Comportamento Cooperativo , Relações Dentista-Paciente , Feminino , Humanos , Hipnóticos e Sedativos , Masculino , Medicação Pré-AnestésicaRESUMO
The authors refer about a case of mucocele contained in a strangled properitoneal inguinal hernia and they discuss its pathogenesis.