RESUMO
Interferon-ß (IFN-ß) is commonly used as a disease modifying drug for the treatment of relapse-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS). However, the underlying mechanism by which IFN-ß mediate this immunosuppressive effect is still unknown. In this study, we analyzed the effects of genetically modified adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) expressing murine interferon beta (MSCs-VP/IFN-ß) on the animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Lymph node mononuclear cells and serum were examined by using RT-PCR and ELISA methods to measure the production of IL-10 and IL-17 gene and protein expression, respectively. Our results indicated that in the MSCs-VP/IFN-ß treated group induction of Tregs and IL-10 and reduction of IL-17 were significant. Taken together, we showed that using AD-MSCs expressing IFN-ß as an anti-inflammatory agent, offer evidence supporting that the stem cell therapies in EAE conceivably will improve the valuable effects of IFN-ß in this autoimmune disease.
Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo/citologia , Encefalomielite Autoimune Experimental/terapia , Interferon beta/metabolismo , Transplante de Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/métodos , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/metabolismo , Animais , Western Blotting , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/imunologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Encefalomielite Autoimune Experimental/genética , Encefalomielite Autoimune Experimental/metabolismo , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Interferon beta/genética , Interleucina-10/genética , Interleucina-10/imunologia , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Interleucina-17/genética , Interleucina-17/imunologia , Interleucina-17/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/citologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Esclerose Múltipla/genética , Esclerose Múltipla/metabolismo , Esclerose Múltipla/terapia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/metabolismoRESUMO
Microsporidia are opportunistic pathogens in nature infecting all animal phyla. Samples of intestinal content from 147 pigeons from various regions of Tehran (Iran) were analyzed for occurred microsporidia by PCR and sequencing. The DNA isolated from 31 samples (21%) of microsporidia-positive was amplified with specific primers for the four most frequent human microsporidia. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was the most common species and was recognized in thirteen pigeons (42%). Four pigeons were positive for Encephalitozoon intestinalis (12.9%), six for Encephalitozoon hellem (19.3%) and two for Encephalitozoon cuniculi (6.4%). Mixed infections were detected in six another pigeons: E. bieneusi and E. hellem were detected in two cases (4.8%); E. bieneusi was associated with E. intestinalis in one case (0.8%); E. hellem and E. intestinalis coexisted in one; and E. hellem and E. cuniculi were identified in two pigeons. The genotypes of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the rRNA gene were determined for all isolates with single infections. Six isolates of E. bieneusi belonged to the genotype D (46.2%), three to the genotype M (23%), and four to the genotype J (30.8%). Sequences of four E. hellem isolates were same to genotype 1A and two were identical with genotype 3. In two cases of the pigeons, E. cuniculi genotype I, II were identified. This study implicates pigeons as potential sources of microsporidia infection for humans.