Infección por citomegalovirus en el paciente trasplantado renal: ¿cuál es la mejor forma de prevenirla? / Cytomegalovirus infection in kidney transplant patients: what is the best way to prevent it?

No disponible

No disponible

Analysis of hepatitis C viral quasispecies in liver transplantation.

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an RNA virus that replicates with a high rate of mutation, especially in the hypervariable region 1 (HVR-1). Continuous viral mutations lead to a mixed and changing populations of mutants, called quasispecies. The nature of the HCV quasispecies may have implications for viral persistence and pathogenies. Studies with liver transplant patients suggest a relationship between the degree of immunosuppression and the complexity of the quasispecies. This study evaluated whether immunosuppressive therapy modifies the evolution of HCV quasispecies among liver transplant recipients compared with immunocompetent HCV patients. Two groups were studied: 11 patients who underwent OLT for HCV-related cirrhosis and 10 control group patients. Two serum samples from each patient were obtained to analyze the HCV HVR1 region by RT-PCR. SSCP analysis failed to show statistically significant differences in the number of quasispecies at basal and final time points or at pretransplant versus posttransplant (7.3+/-2 vs 6.7+/-3 in control patients, respectively, and 4.4+/-2 vs 4.1+/-1 in transplanted patients, respectively). No significant difference was observed between missing or new variants in the control (2.8+/-2 vs 2.3+/-2, respectively) or transplanted group (2.5+/-2 vs 2.2+/-1, respectively). Upon sequence analysis, the genetic complexity was significantly lower among samples after OLT in transplanted patients (0.057+/-0.04 [pretransplant] vs 0.035+/-0.02 [posttransplant]; P=.048). However, no significant differences were found among control patients in basal versus final samples (0.04+/-0.03 vs 0.066+/-0.04, respectively). Our findings seem to demonstrate that viral quasispecies diversity is lower among patients receiving a liver transplant.

[The risk factors associated with colonization and bacteremia in non-tunnelled central venous catheters]. / Factores de riesgo asociados a colonización y bacteriemia en catéteres venosos centrales no tunelizados.

OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for colonization and bacteremia among patients with non-tunnelled central venous catheters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study was conducted of a cohort of patients carrying non-tunnelled central venous catheters. Different parameters were obtained and the degree of its association with colonization of the distal portion of the catheter or with bacteremia associated with colonization was estimated. The CDC (centers for Disease Control) diagnostic criteria of colonization and catheter-related bacteremia were used. RESULTS: A total of 118 catheters were eventually analyzed, corresponding to 114 patients, with a catheterization mean time of 14 +/- 8 days (mean +/- SD); out of these 114 patients, 51 were colonized and in 22 the presence of associated bacteremia was confirmed. The parameters associated with a higher risk for catheter colonization included length of colonization, femoral location, number of lumina and a vital prognosis lower than one month. All these factors, with the exception of the increase in the number of lumina, showed an independent association with colonization on the multivariate analysis [catheterization length (in weeks): OR 1.46; 95% CI: 1.0-2.11; femoral location: OR 3.73; 95% CI: 1.16-11.9; vital prognosis lower than one month: OR 12.7; 95% CI: 1.4-112.7]. As for risk for catheter-related bacteremia, the univariate analysis showed an association with catheterization length and a vital prognosis lower than one month; the latter was the only factor that maintained an independent association in the multivariate analysis (OR 5.75; 95% CI: 1.17-28.27). CONCLUSION: The present study documents the relevance of prolonged catheterization as a consistent risk for colonization of non-tunnelled central venous catheters. This risk increases independently in canalization at femoral site and particularly among severely ill patients. The presence of these factors allows the identification of a high risk population for the development of catheter related bacteremia.

Factores de riesgo asociados a colonización y bacteriemia en catéteres venosos centrales no tunelizados / Risk factors associated with colonization and bacteremia in non-tunnelled central venous catheters

Objetivo. Identificar factores de riesgo de colonización y de bacteriemia en pacientes con catéteres venosos centrales no tunelizados. Material y métodos. Se estudió de forma prospectiva una cohorte de pacientes portadores de catéteres venosos centrales no tunelizados. Se recogieron diferentes variables y se calculó la magnitud de su asociación con la colonización del segmento distal del catéter o con bacteriemia asociada a dicha colonización. Se utilizaron los criterios diagnósticos de colonización y bacteriemia asociada a catéter establecidos por los Centers for Diseases and Control. Resultados. Se analizaron finalmente 118 catéteres, correspondientes a 114 pacientes, cuya media de cateterización fue de 14 ñ 8 días (media ñ DE), de los que 51 resultaron colonizados y de los que en 22 se confirmó la presencia de bacteriemia asociada. Las variables asociadas con un mayor riesgo de colonización del catéter fueron la duración de cateterización, la localización femoral, el número de luces y un pronóstico vital inferior a un mes; todos ellos, salvo el incremento en el número de luces, demostraron una asociación independiente con colonización en el análisis multivariante [duración de cateterización (en semanas): OR 1,46; IC95 por ciento: 1,0-2,11; localización femoral: OR 3,73; IC95 por ciento: 1,16-11,9; pronóstico vital inferior a un mes: OR 12,7; IC95 por ciento: 1,4-112,7]. En relación al riesgo de bacteriemia asociada a catéter, el análisis univariante demostró asociación con la duración de la cateterización y el pronóstico vital inferior a un mes; este último es el único que se mantuvo asociado de forma independiente en el análisis multivariante (OR 5,75; IC95 por ciento: 1,17-28,27). Conclusión. El presente trabajo confirma la importancia de la cateterización prolongada como un claro riesgo de colonización de los catéteres venosos centrales no tunelizados, incrementándose este riesgo de forma independiente en las canalizaciones a nivel femoral, y sobre todo en los pacientes graves. La presencia de estos factores nos permite identificar una población de alto riesgo para el desarrollo de bacteriemia asociada a catéter (AU)

No disponible

[Laryngeal tuberculosis and laryngeal cancer]. / Tuberculosis laríngea y cáncer de laringe.

Account of 2 synchronic cases of tuberculosis and laryngeal carcinoma. Apart from bacteriostatic drugs one of them underwent a cordectomy the other one a total laryngectomy and neck dissection. Despite the great majority of laryngeal cancer it is compulsory to take in account the differential diagnosis with the tuberculosis, because of its possible coexistence. Perusal of national and international literature, having found only 11 of similar instances reported.