Valoración de los patrones de consumo alimentario y actividad física en universitarios de tres carreras respecto a las guías alimentarias para la población argentina

RESUMEN Numerosos estudios coinciden en que el inicio de la vida universitaria se asocia a cambios poco saludables en prácticas alimentarias y estilos de vida que pueden consolidarse en la edad adulta. El objetivo fue valorar en qué medida estudiantes de tres carreras cumplen con las recomendaciones de las nuevas Guías Alimentarias para la Población Argentina de 2016. Se encuestaron 164 alumnos de Bioquímica (BQ), Licenciatura en Nutrición (LN) y Licenciatura en Biotecnología (LB) de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Los alumnos de LN se acercaron más a las recomendaciones que BQ y LB: mayor porcentaje realizaba cuatro comidas (45,0% vs 22,4% LB y 21,8% BQ, p= 0,009) y consumía diariamente leche/yogur (p= 0,042); los estudiantes de BQ presentaron el menor consumo de frutas (p= 0,000), mientras los de LB presentaron la menor ingesta de verduras (p= 0,023). El 79,3% del total realizaba actividad física y de ellos 59,8% alcanzó los 30 minutos diarios recomendados. La Universidad ofrece espacios de alimentación saludable (comedor universitario) y actividad física (predio de deportes) que no resultaban suficientemente aprovechados. Se concluye que resulta necesario planificar intervenciones para fomentar y/o mejorar patrones, consumo de alimentos y actividad física acordes a estilos más saludables en estos universitarios.

ABSTRACT Numerous studies agree that the beginning of university life is associated with unhealthy changes in eating practices and lifestyles that can be consolidated in adulthood. The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which the nutrition and physical activity of university students from three career programs comply with the recommendations of the new Dietary Guidelines for the Argentine Population (2016). One hundred and sixty-four (164) students of Biochemistry (BQ), Bachelor of Nutrition (LN) and Bachelor of Biotechnology (LB) of the Universidad Nacional del Litoral were surveyed. LN students approached the recommendations more than BQ and LB students: a higher percentage had four meals per day (45.0% LN vs. 22.4% LB and 21.8% BQ, p-value= 0.009) and consumed a daily portion of milk/yogurt (p-value= 0.042); the BQ students had the lowest fruit consumption (p-value= 0.000), while the LB students had the lowest vegetable intake (p-value= 0.023). All students presented patterns of intake and consumption of foods strongly influenced by the Argentine culture. Almost eighty percent (79.3%) of students did physical activity, but only 59.8% reached the recommended 30 minutes a day. The University offers healthy eating spaces (university canteen) and physical activity (sports grounds) that were not sufficiently exploited. It is concluded that it is necessary to plan interventions to promote and / or improve patterns of food consumption and physical activity, according to healthier lifestyles for university students.

Effects of post-suckling n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: prevention of dyslipidemia and liver steatosis induced in rats by a sucrose-rich diet during pre- and post-natal life.

The interaction between fetal programming and the post-natal environment suggests that the post-natal diet could amplify or attenuate programmed outcomes. We investigated whether dietary n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) at weaning resulted in an amelioration of dyslipidemia, adiposity and liver steatosis that was induced by a sucrose-rich diet (SRD; where the fat source is corn oil) from the onset of pregnancy up to adulthood. During pregnancy and lactation, dams were fed an SRD or the standard powdered rodent commercial diet (RD). At weaning and until 150 days of life, male offspring from SRD-dams were divided into two groups and fed an SRD or SRD-with-fish oil [where 6% of the corn oil was partially replaced by fish oil (FO) 5% and corn oil (CO) 1%], forming SRD-SRD or SRD-FO groups. Male offspring from RD-dams continued with RD up to the end of the experimental period, forming an RD-RD group. The presence of FO in the weaning diet showed the following: prevention of hypertriglyceridemia and liver steatosis, together with increased lipogenic enzyme activity caused by a maternal SRD; the complete normalization of CPT I activity and PPARα protein mass levels; a slight but not statistically significant accretion of visceral adiposity; and limited body fat content and reduced plasma free fatty acid levels. All of these results were observed even in the presence of a high-sucrose diet challenge after weaning. SRD-dams' breast milk showed a more saturated fatty acid composition. These results suggest the capacity of n-3 PUFAs to overcome some adverse outcomes induced by a maternal and post-weaning sucrose-rich diet.

Hábito y calidad del desayuno en alumnos de dos escuelas primarias públicas de la ciudad de Santa Fe / Breakfast habit and quality in students from two public primary schools in the city of Santa Fe

Introducción. El desayuno proporciona la energía y los nutrientes necesarios que permiten un óptimo rendimiento físico e intelectual. Objetivo. Conocer la frecuencia del desayuno, los factores que condicionan el hábito y su omisión, la calidad del desayuno y la colación en los niños de escuelas públicas de la ciudad de Santa Fe. Población y métodos. Estudio descriptivo transversal. Se evaluaron 637 alumnos mediante una encuesta estructurada de respuestas cerradas. Resultados El 75% de los niños desayunaban diariamente; solo 1,6% realizaban un desayuno de buena calidad. Consumir el desayuno todos los días o a veces no dependía de la compañía de un familiar. De 1°a 5° grado la frecuencia semanal dependió de que algún familiar lo preparara (p= 0,04). La causa principal de omisión del desayuno fue la falta de tiempo. El 23% de los alumnos de 6°-7° grado manifestaron sentir malestar al desayunar. Más del 50% de los niños miraban televisión mientras desayunaban. La mayoría de los alumnos de 1° a 3er grado consumieron un desayuno de mejorable (41%) e insufciente calidad (41%). En los alumnos de 4° y 5° grado predominó el de insufciente calidad (50%). En el grupo de 6° y 7° grado fue notable el consumo de desayuno de mala calidad (16%). En muy pocos niños la colación resultó apropiada para completar la calidad fnal del desayuno. Conclusiones. Si bien se encontró un alto porcentaje de escolares que tienen el hábito de desayunar, la mayoría lo hacen de forma incompleta. Muy pocos logran completar la calidad del desayuno con los alimentos ingeridos a media mañana.

Introduction. Breakfast provides the necessary energy and nutrients to achieve an optimal physical and mental performance. Objective. To fnd out breakfast frequency, factors that influence breakfast habit and skipping, breakfast quality and snack intake in children from public schools in the city of Santa Fe. Population and Methods. Descriptive, cross-sectional study. A total of 637 students were assessed using a closed-ended question survey. Results. Seventy fve percent of children had breakfast on a daily basis; only 1.6% had a good quality breakfast. Eating breakfast every day or some days did not depend on having the company of a family member. In the case of frst to ffth grade children, the weekly frequency depended on having a family member who made it (p= 0.04). The main cause for skipping breakfast was lack of time. Twenty-three percent of children in sixth and seventh grade indicated feeling unwell when having breakfast. More than 50% of children watched television while having breakfast. Most students in frst to third grade had breakfast that could be improved (41%) and which was insufficient (41%). An insufficient quality breakfast was more common among fourth and ffth grade students (50%). A remarkable piece of information is the number of sixth and seventh grade children who had a poor quality breakfast (16%). Very few children had a snack that was appropriate to supplement the fnal quality of breakfast. Conclusions. Although a high percentage of school-aged children are used to having breakfast, most have an incomplete breakfast. Very few manage to supplement their breakfast with snacks at mid-morning.

Hábito y calidad del desayuno en alumnos de dos escuelas primarias públicas de la ciudad de Santa Fe / Breakfast habit and quality in students from two public primary schools in the city of Santa Fe

Introducción. El desayuno proporciona la energía y los nutrientes necesarios que permiten un óptimo rendimiento físico e intelectual. Objetivo. Conocer la frecuencia del desayuno, los factores que condicionan el hábito y su omisión, la calidad del desayuno y la colación en los niños de escuelas públicas de la ciudad de Santa Fe. Población y métodos. Estudio descriptivo transversal. Se evaluaron 637 alumnos mediante una encuesta estructurada de respuestas cerradas. Resultados El 75% de los niños desayunaban diariamente; solo 1,6% realizaban un desayuno de buena calidad. Consumir el desayuno todos los días o a veces no dependía de la compañía de un familiar. De 1°a 5° grado la frecuencia semanal dependió de que algún familiar lo preparara (p= 0,04). La causa principal de omisión del desayuno fue la falta de tiempo. El 23% de los alumnos de 6°-7° grado manifestaron sentir malestar al desayunar. Más del 50% de los niños miraban televisión mientras desayunaban. La mayoría de los alumnos de 1° a 3er grado consumieron un desayuno de mejorable (41%) e insufciente calidad (41%). En los alumnos de 4° y 5° grado predominó el de insufciente calidad (50%). En el grupo de 6° y 7° grado fue notable el consumo de desayuno de mala calidad (16%). En muy pocos niños la colación resultó apropiada para completar la calidad fnal del desayuno. Conclusiones. Si bien se encontró un alto porcentaje de escolares que tienen el hábito de desayunar, la mayoría lo hacen de forma incompleta. Muy pocos logran completar la calidad del desayuno con los alimentos ingeridos a media mañana.(AU)

Introduction. Breakfast provides the necessary energy and nutrients to achieve an optimal physical and mental performance. Objective. To fnd out breakfast frequency, factors that influence breakfast habit and skipping, breakfast quality and snack intake in children from public schools in the city of Santa Fe. Population and Methods. Descriptive, cross-sectional study. A total of 637 students were assessed using a closed-ended question survey. Results. Seventy fve percent of children had breakfast on a daily basis; only 1.6% had a good quality breakfast. Eating breakfast every day or some days did not depend on having the company of a family member. In the case of frst to ffth grade children, the weekly frequency depended on having a family member who made it (p= 0.04). The main cause for skipping breakfast was lack of time. Twenty-three percent of children in sixth and seventh grade indicated feeling unwell when having breakfast. More than 50% of children watched television while having breakfast. Most students in frst to third grade had breakfast that could be improved (41%) and which was insufficient (41%). An insufficient quality breakfast was more common among fourth and ffth grade students (50%). A remarkable piece of information is the number of sixth and seventh grade children who had a poor quality breakfast (16%). Very few children had a snack that was appropriate to supplement the fnal quality of breakfast. Conclusions. Although a high percentage of school-aged children are used to having breakfast, most have an incomplete breakfast. Very few manage to supplement their breakfast with snacks at mid-morning.(AU)