The clinical and radiographic outcome of immediately loaded mini implants supporting a mandibular overdenture. A 3-year prospective study.

This article aimed to examine the clinical and radiographic outcome of mini dental implants (MDIs) supporting a mandibular overdenture. Twenty-eight patients (16 men and 12 women) complaining from insufficient retention of their mandibular denture received a total of 112 MDIs (four per patient) in the interforaminal area of the mandible using the non-submerged flapless surgical approach. Implants were immediately loaded with mandibular overdentures after implant insertion. Each implant was evaluated at the time of initial prosthetic loading, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months thereafter. Clinical evaluation was performed using plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD) and periotest values (PTVs). Radiographic evaluation was performed in terms of vertical (VBLO) and horizontal (HBLO) alveolar bone loss. Cumulative success and survival rates were calculated using life table analysis. Plaque index, GI, PD, VBLO and HBLO increased significantly in the first year after overdenture insertion, and no significant difference between subsequent observations was noted. Periotest values demonstrated no significant difference between observation times. The cumulative survival and success rates of MDIs were 96·4% and 92·9%, respectively. Within the limitations of this study, clinical and radiographic peri-implant tissue responses of immediately loaded MDIs supporting a mandibular overdenture were favourable after 3 years. However, randomised, controlled clinical trials are needed to compare these responses to that of conventional-diameter implants.

Validation of the spectrophotometric determination of omeprazole and pantoprazole sodium via their metal chelates.

Spectrophotometric procedures for the determination of two irriversible proton pump inhibitors, omeprazole (OMZ) and pantoprazole (PNZ) sodium have been developed, the procedures are based on the formation of 2:1 chelates of both drugs with different metal ions. Pantoprazole sodium is quantified by a stability-indicating procedure through chelation with iron (III) in aqueous-ethanol medium to form an orange chelate picked at 455 nm. The procedure retains its accuracy in presence of up to 70% of its degradate, sulfenic acid prepared by degrading the pure drug in borate buffer of pH 8 at 37 degrees C for 5 days. The colored chelates of OMZ in ethanol are determined spectrophotometrically at 411, 339 and 523 nm using iron (III), chromium (III) and cobalt (II), respectively. Regression analysis of Beer's plots showed good correlation in the concentration range of 15-95, 10-60 and 15-150 microml(-1) of pure OMZ using iron (III), chromium (III) and cobalt (II), respectively, and in the range of 30-300 microg ml(-1) of PNZ sodium using iron (III). The limits of detection are 0.22-3.65 microml(-1) while limits of quantitation range between 0.74 and 12.17 microg ml(-1). The optimum assay conditions are investigated and the recovery of the cited drugs from their dosage forms ranges from 97.2 to 100.3%. Good values of precision are obtained, intraday R.S.D. are 0.93-1.75% and the inter day R.S.D. are 0.51-3.29%.