Epigallocatechin-3-gallate prior to composite resin in abfraction lesions: a split-mouth randomized clinical trial.

Objectives: Natural extracts have been investigated as a biomimetic strategy to mechanically strengthen the collagen network and control the biodegradation of extracellular matrix. This study evaluated the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on abfraction lesions prior to the composite resin. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 30 patients (aged between 28 and 60 years) with abfraction lesions located in 2 homologous premolars. The teeth were randomly assigned according to dentin treatment: 0.02% EGCG solution or distilled water (control). After enamel acid etching, the solutions were applied immediately for 1 minute. The teeth were restored with Universal Adhesive (3M) and Filtek Z350 XT (3M). Analyzes were done by 2 independent examiners using modified USPHS (retention, secondary caries, marginal adaptation, and postoperative sensitivity) and photographic (color, marginal pigmentation, and anatomical form) criteria at baseline (7 days) and final (18 months). The data analysis used Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests (α = 0.05). Results: At baseline, all restorations were evaluated as alpha for all criteria. After 18 months, restorations were evaluated as alpha for secondary caries, color, and marginal pigmentation. There was significant difference between baseline and 18 months (p = 0.009) for marginal adaptation and postoperative sensitivity (p = 0.029), but no significant difference were verified between treatments (p = 0.433). The EGCG group had a restoration retention rate of 93.3%, while the control group had 96.7%. Conclusions: The application of EGCG solution on abfraction lesions did not significantly influence the survival of the restorations based on clinical and photographic criteria.

The effect of milling and postmilling procedures on the surface roughness of CAD/CAM materials.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness and analyze the surface topography of five different CAD/CAM ceramics and one CAD/CAM composite resin for CEREC after milling and postmilling procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blocks of the ceramics Mark II, IPS Empress CAD, IPS e.max CAD, Suprinity and Enamic, and blocks of the composite resin Lava Ultimate were milled at CEREC MCXL. Ten flat samples of each material were obtained. The surface roughness (Ra) test was performed before and after milling, crystallization, polishing, and glaze when indicated, followed by SEM and AFM analysis. Data were submitted to one-way ANOVA with repeated measures and the Tukey HSD test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The milling step significantly increased the roughness of all the tested materials (P < .05). Lithium-based ceramics (IPS e.max CAD and Suprinity) were more suitable to roughness than the other tested materials (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The polishing methods were able to reduce roughness to baseline values, except for lithium-based ceramics. Glaze reduced significantly the roughness of lithium-based ceramics without a difference from the baseline. SEM and AFM images revealed that glazed surfaces are smoother than polished surfaces. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: All hard-milling CAD/CAM materials, that is, fully sintered, should be only hand polished. The glaze step can be suppressed resulting in time saving. However, the glaze step in soft-milling lithium disilicate is imperative.

Impacto da evolução científica no ensino e na prática odontológica brasileira ao longo dos séculos / Impact of scientific development on Brazilian oral health education and practice through the centuries

A história da Odontologia no Brasil iniciou-se de maneira rudimentar com instrumentos primitivos e sem preocupações com higiene. Não havia nenhuma referência à ciência, apenas à prática da profissão. No século XVII, evidencia-se um aumento no número de cáries e maior demanda por serviços odontológicos estéticos. Porém, apenas em 1879 inicia-se o estudo da Odontologia, no Brasil, e outras faculdades começam a se instalar somente a partir do século XX. A comprovação da origem bacteriana da doença cárie e surgimento de mais estudos referentes às doenças bucais ocorreram somente a partir da década de 1940. A fluoretação da água de abastecimento público foi o primeiro procedimento preventivo realizado no Brasil e o primeiro estudo epidemiológico nacional foi realizado em 1986. O Ministério da Saúde declarou que no ano de 2012, a quantidade de atendimentos odontológicos oferecidos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde foi de 150 milhões de consultas no país, além disso, o governo ampliou o sistema para 90% das cidades brasileiras atingindo uma população de 92 milhões de beneficiados e implementou serviços de promoção, prevenção e recuperação da saúde bucal. Apesar desse grande avanço, o controle da doença cárie em todas as faixas etárias ainda está longe de ser alcançado. Fazer com que todos os progressos obtidos até o momento cheguem a todos os cidadãos deve ser a meta deste século. (AU)

The history of dentistry in Brazil initiated in a rudimentary way with primitive tools and no hygiene preoccupations. There was no reference to science, only the practice of the profession. In the seventeenth century there is evidence about the increase of the number of dental caries and demand for aesthetics dental services. However, only in 1879 began the study of Dentistry in Brazil and new faculties were installed on the twentieth century. Evidence of bacterial decay and the emergence of more studies about oral diseases only occurred since the 1940s. Fluoride supplies of public water was the first preventive procedure performed in Brazil and the first national epidemiological study was conducted in 1986. The Ministry of Health stated that in the year 2012, the amount of dental care offered by the National Health System was 150 million consultations in the country, besides the government expanded the system to 90% of Brazilian cities reaching a population of 92 million of beneficiaries and implemented health promotion, prevention and recovery of oral health services. Despite this breakthrough, the control of caries in all age groups is still far from being achieved. Make all the progress made so far reaching all citizens should be the goal of this century. (AU)