LEAq - Laboratório de Entomologia Aquática "Prof. Claudio Gilberto Froehlich" and the task of facing the biodiversity knowledge deficits on Caddisflies (Trichoptera), Bahia, Brazil

ABSTRACT Insects are fundamental to biodiversity conservation in almost all ecosystems, and their population decline, and extinction directly result from environmental impacts. These facts are aggravated by the lack of knowledge of insect biodiversity, the so-called biodiversity deficits, especially the Linnean and Wallacean shortfalls. In freshwater ecosystems, biodiversity loss is higher among aquatic insects, and caddisflies comprise one of the most vulnerable orders. In this way, research focusing on describing new caddisfly species and understanding their distribution ranges will increase knowledge of caddisfly biodiversity. In the past 14 years, the team from the Laboratório de Entomologia Aquática "Prof. Dr. Claudio Gilberto Froehlich" (LEAq, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil) and collaborators have been addressing these issues, resulting in 55 described species of caddisflies. Taxa in other insect orders have also received attention and an additional 16 species have been described (eight mayflies, four stoneflies, four neuropteran spongillaflies, and antlions). Here, eight caddisfly species are described and illustrated (Atopsyche froehlichi sp. nov., Austrotinodes zeferina sp. nov., Cernotina kariri sp. nov., Neoathripsodes froehlichi sp. nov., Notalina claudiofroehlichi sp. nov., Oecetis marcus sp. nov., Phylloicus froehlichi sp. nov., and Polycentropus claudioi sp. nov.), five of them in honor of LEAq's patron. In addition, new distributional data are presented for 10 known species. A checklist of the caddisfly fauna of Bahia state is also presented, with 138 species, around 75% and 30% of them recorded and described by the LEAq team, respectively. Currently, for caddisflies, Bahia is the fifth most species-rich state in Brazil, and the first in the Brazilian Northeast region.

The neotype of Macrostemum hyalinum (Pictet 1836) (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) and a key to males of Neotropical species of this genus.

The Macrostemum Kolenati is a conspicuous genus of Trichoptera containing 18 species in the Neotropical region. This study designates a neotype of Macrostemum hyalinum, the type species of the genus, establishes the Atlantic Forest of Espirito Santo, Brazil, as the species type locality, and proposes a key to males of Neotropical species in this genus.

The Dilemma of Anticoagulating Patients with Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Who Underwent Decompressive Craniectomy.

BACKGROUND: Cerebral venous thrombosis is an uncommon subtype of cerebrovascular accident. The appropriate time interval between decompressive craniectomy and the onset of anticoagulation in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis is a controversial topic among neurosurgeons, neurologists, and intensivists. CASE DESCRIPTION: We present a brief clinical case report of a female patient who underwent decompressive craniectomy. Cerebral venous thrombosis was subsequently diagnosed, and anticoagulation was initiated 24 hours postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Early onset of anticoagulation is important for a favorable outcome. Clinical decision making should rely on the following: 1) postoperative imaging studies with no evidence of increase in hematoma, 2) intracranial pressure monitoring for patients on mechanical ventilation, and 3) protocols for immediate suspension of anticoagulants and use of antagonistic drugs in case of an increase in a pre-existing intracranial hemorrhage.

Brazilian Trichoptera Checklist II.

A second assessment of Brazilian Trichoptera species records is presented here. A total of 625 species were recorded for Brazil. This represents an increase of 65.34% new species recorded during the last decade. The Hydropsychidae (124 spp.), followed by the Hydroptilidae (102 spp.) and Polycentropodidae (97 spp.), are the families with the greatest richness recorded for Brazil. The knowledge on Trichoptera biodiversity in Brazil is geographically unequal. The majority of the species is recorded for the southeastern region.

The genus Macrostemum Kolenati 1859 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in the Neotropical Region: Description of two new species, taxonomic notes, distributional records and key to males.

The genus Macrostemum Kolenati contains 105. described species, with 15 valid species in the Neotropical region. The Adults are recognized principally by wing membranes strongly marked with dark and light colors. The Neotropical species Of Macrostemum were described based on the wing colors patterns and body morphology. In this paper we present a taxonomic study of the Neotropical species, descriptions of two new species from Brazil, distributional records and a key to males. The male of Macrostemum negrense Flint 1978 is described for the first time, Names of three Neotropical species, M. ramosum (Navás 1916), M. trigramma (Navás 1916), and M. triste (Navás 1916) are designated nomina dubia.