Machine Learning Assisted Experimental Characterization of Bubble Dynamics in Gas-Solid Fluidized Beds.

This study introduces a machine learning (ML)-assisted image segmentation method for automatic bubble identification in gas-solid quasi-2D fluidized beds, offering enhanced accuracy in bubble recognition. Binary images are segmented by the ML method, and an in-house Lagrangian tracking technique is developed to track bubble evolution. The ML-assisted segmentation method requires few training data, achieves an accuracy of 98.75%, and allows for filtering out common sources of uncertainty in hydrodynamics, such as varying illumination conditions and out-of-focus regions, thus providing an efficient tool to study bubbling in a standard, consistent, and repeatable manner. In this work, the ML-assisted methodology is tested in a particularly challenging case: structured oscillating fluidized beds, where the spatial and time evolution of the bubble position, velocity, and shape are characteristics of the nucleation-propagation-rupture cycle. The new method is validated across various operational conditions and particle sizes, demonstrating versatility and effectiveness. It shows the ability to capture challenging bubbling dynamics and subtle changes in velocity and size distributions observed in beds of varying particle size. New characteristic features of oscillating beds are identified, including the effect of frequency and particle size on the bubble morphology, aspect, and shape factors and their relationship with the stability of the flow, quantified through the rate of coalescence and splitting events. This type of combination of classic analysis with the application of the ML assisted techniques provides a powerful tool to improve standardization and address the reproducibility of hydrodynamic studies, with the potential to be extended from gas-solid fluidization to other multiphase flow systems.

Use of PD-1 blockade in refractory/relapsed natural killer T-cell lymphomas: a systematic review and synthesis of case reports.

Natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NK/T-cellL) is an aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with limited treatment options for patients who experience disease progression or recurrence after second-line treatment. The use of new therapies, such as pembrolizumab, which involves immune checkpoint blockade mechanisms, is proposed. This systematic review followed the MOSE guidelines and searched PUBMED/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus databases. Fourteen articles were found, reporting on the use of pembrolizumab anti PD-1 in NK/T-cellL patients. The objective response rate was 84.50%, with disease-free survival ranging from two to 48 months. The complete response rate was 61.6%, and the quality of the reported studies was evaluated to be of high and moderate confidence bias levels in case reports and high bias in clinical trials. Pembrolizumab and others anti PD-1 are treatment options for refractory/recurrent NK/T-cellL, regardless of PD-L1 expression, with good short- and long-term results and low adverse events.

Effectiveness and safety of the bevacizumab and erlotinib combination versus erlotinib alone in EGFR mutant metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The EGFR gene encodes a protein that stimulates molecular pathways that allow the growth and development of the tumor microenvironment. The current preferred tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) for the first-line treatment of EGFRm metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is osimertinib. However, the combination of angiogenesis inhibitors and TKI has produced discordant results. We aimed to assess the effects of the bevacizumab and erlotinib combination in EGFRm metastatic NSCLC. Methods: Using eligibility criteria focused on patients with EGFRm metastatic NSCLC treated with bevacizumab and erlotinib, we searched databases including clinical trial randomized studies and reviews published until April 15, 2023 in Medline (PubMed), Scopus, and Embase. Eight clinical trials (1,052 patients) were selected from 1,343 articles for quantitative and qualitative assessment. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Data were synthesized through random-effects meta-analysis. Results: The bevacizumab and erlotinib combination significantly improved the progression-free survival (PFS) (log(HR) = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.54-0.73, p < 0.001) and overall response ratio (ORR) (RR = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.64-0.97, p = 0.03). However, it did not improve the overall survival (log(HR) = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.78-1.10, p = 0.38) and was associated with higher serious adverse events (SAEs) (OR = 3.48; 95% CI, 1.76-6.88, p = 0.005). A subgroup analysis suggested similar benefits in different mutation subtypes and brain metastasis condition. The evidence is limited by a moderate risk of bias across studies and heterogeneity in the reporting of SAEs. Conclusions: The bevacizumab and erlotinib combination significantly improved PFS and ORR in EGFRm metastatic NSCLC but were also associated with higher-grade (≥3) adverse events. These results suggest that while the combination therapy may enhance progression-free survival and overall response, it does not improve the overall survival and is associated with higher toxicity. Thus, the treatment should be personalized based on individual patient comorbidities. Further prospective trials are needed to validate these results. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#searchadvanced, identifier CDR 42022364692.

Diferencias de género ante el horror moral manifiesto de un parricidio / Gender differences facing the manifest moral horror of a parricide

RESUMEN Fundamento: Las diferencias emocionales de género han sido poco estudiadas desde el enfoque del juicio moral. En particular, se desconoce la incidencia de las emociones morales primarias en el juicio moral, y si los hombres y las mujeres frente al horror moral, a través del orgullo y la culpa, razonan de manera diferente sobre lo correcto y lo incorrecto. Objetivo: identificar las diferencias de género frente al horror moral manifiesto de un parricidio. Métodos: estudio descriptivo explicativo, que se aplicó el Cuestionario Moral Emocional a 170 participantes (118 mujeres y 52 hombres). Se realizó la prueba de confiabilidad de los subíndices de culpa y orgullo, cuya consistencia interna resultó buena. La prueba t de Student se realizó para demostrar las hipótesis sobre las diferencias entre hombres y mujeres. Resultados: el valor medio del subíndice de horror moral obtenido por las mujeres fue mayor que el de los hombres. Sin embargo, no hubo diferencias importantes en el juicio moral emocional, ni con respecto a los índices de culpa u orgullo. Conclusión: las mujeres expresan mayor horror ante un estímulo moral violento. Se observó cierto comportamiento inverso entre culpa y orgullo en los participantes. Las diferencias de género, significativas o no, pueden deberse a la regulación emocional.

ABSTRACT Background: Emotional gender differences have been little studied from the perspective of moral judgment. In particular, the incidence of primary moral emotions on moral judgment is unknown, and whether men and women in the face of moral horror, through pride and guilt, think differently about right and wrong. Objective: to identify gender differences facing the manifest moral horror of a parricide. Methods: descriptive explanatory study, which applied the Emotional Moral Questionnaire to 170 participants (118 women and 52 men). The reliability test of the guilt and pride subscripts was performed, whose internal consistency was good. Student's t-test was performed to demonstrate the hypotheses about the differences between men and women. Results: the average value of the moral horror subscript obtained by women was higher than that of men. However, there were no significant differences in emotional moral judgment, nor with respect to rates of guilt or pride. Conclusion: women express greater horror at a violent moral stimulus. A certain reverse behavior between guilt and pride was observed in the participants. Gender differences, significant or not, may be due to emotional regulation.

La ineficacia de la discusión de dilemas morales en el crecimiento de la competencia moral en trabajadores y estudiantes: dos casos Mexicanos / The ineffectiveness of moral dilemma discussion in the growth of moral competence in workers and students: two Mexican cases

Se presentan los resultados de una investigación realizada con el propósito de observar la eficacia del método de discusión de dilemas morales en el crecimiento de la competencia del juicio moral en dos roles, el de los trabajadores y el de los estudiantes universitarios. Se realizaron dos intervenciones a través de la discusión de dilemas: la primera, a un grupo experimental y uno de control de trabajadores de una institución pública; y la segunda a un grupo experimental de estudiantes universitarios, del área de administración. La cuantificación de la competencia del juicio moral mediante el índice C, en el pretest y en el postest, se realizó mediante el Cuestionario del Juicio Moral (CJM). Los resultados mostraron una disminución del índice C del CJM después de la intervención en ambos roles, lo que plantea, como resultado, un escepticismo sobre el futuro de la intervención a través de la discusión de dilemas y, además, la necesidad de una mayor democracia y una sociedad justa en el entorno organizativo de los individuos.

This paper presents the results of an investigation aimed to observe the effectiveness of the method of moral dilemma discussion on the growth of moral judgment competence in two roles, workers and university students. Two interventions through dilemma discussion were carried out: The first, was done to an experimental group and a control one of public sector workers.

Validación comparativa entre dos cuestionarios sobre competencia del juicio moral / Comparative validation between two questionnaires concerning the powers of moral judgment

Esta investigación presenta los resultados de validación de dos cuestionarios de competencia del juicio moral. El primero, el Cuestionario de Problemas Sociomorales Gerenciales y Empresariales, el CPSGE, y el segundo, el Cuestionario del Juicio Moral, CJM. Esto mediante la discusion teórica de sus fundamentacion y el análisis básicamente de cuatro criterios: el ordende preferencias, la estructura cuasi-simplex, el paralelismo cognitivo-afectivo y la significacion de una tarea moral complicada. El análisis de estas pautas mostró incumplimiento de validez de ambos instrumentos, contradiciendoinvestigaciones anteriores y demandando un acatamiento fehaciente de los criterios en cada dilema del cualquiera de los dos test.