Use of propolis hydroalcoholic extract to treat colitis experimentally induced in rats by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid.

This study focused on the therapeutic effect of a propolis SLNC 106 (PI) extract on experimental colitis. Wistar adult rats received 0.8 mL rectal dose of one of the following solutions: saline (group S), 20 mg TNBS in 50% ethanol (group TNBS), 20 mg TNBS in 50% ethanol and propolis extract in saline (group TNBS-P), propolis extract in saline (group SP), and 20 mg TNBS in 50% ethanol and 50 mg/kg mesalazine (group TNBS-M). The animals were euthanized 7 or 14 days after the colitis induction. Samples of the distal colon were harvested for the analysis of myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activity and for morphometric analysis in paraffin-embedded histological sections with hematoxylin-eosin or histochemical staining. The animals treated with TNBS exhibited the typical clinical signs of colitis. Increased MPO activity confirmed the presence of inflammation. TNBS induced the development of megacolon, ulceration, transmural inflammatory infiltrate, and thickened bowel walls. Treatment with propolis moderately reduced the inflammatory response, decreased the number of cysts and abscesses, inhibited epithelial proliferation, and increased the number of goblet cells. The anti-inflammatory activity of the propolis SLNC 106 extract was confirmed by the reductions in both the inflammatory infiltrate and the number of cysts and abscesses in the colon mucosa.

Antimicrobial activity of Brazilian propolis extracts against rumen bacteria in vitro.

The antimicrobial activity of three Brazilian propolis extracts was evaluated on bacterial strains representing major rumen functional groups. The extracts were prepared using different concentrations of propolis and alcohol, resulting in different phenolic compositions. The propolis extracts inhibited the growth of Fibrobacter succinogenes S85, Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1, Ruminococcus albus 7, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens D1, Prevotella albensis M384, Peptostreptococcus sp. D1, Clostridium aminophilum F and Streptococcus bovis Pearl11, while R. albus 20, Prevotella bryantii B14 and Ruminobacter amylophilus H18 were resistant to all the extracts. The inhibited strains showed also different sensitivity to propolis; the hyper-ammonia-producing bacteria (C. aminophilum F and Peptostreptococcus sp. D1) being the most sensitive. Inhibition of hyper-ammonia-producing bacteria by propolis would be beneficial to the animal. The extract containing the lowest amount of phenolic compounds (LLOS C3) showed the lowest antimicrobial activity against all the bacteria. The major phenolic compounds identified in the propolis extracts (naringenin, chrysin, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and Artepillin C) were also evaluated on four sensitive strains. Only naringenin showed inhibitory effect against all strains, suggesting that naringenin is one of the components participating to the antibacterial activity of propolis.

Manutenção da viabilidade das células mononucleares de sangue periférico humano em extratos e formulações de própolis / Maintenance of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell viability in propolis extracts and formulations

Neste estudo comparou- se a viabilidade das células mononucleares de sangue periférico (PBMCs) humano quando mantidas em diferentes extratos e formulações de própolis. As PBMCs (106 cels mL-1), provenientes de doadores saudáveis (n=5), foram estocadas a 20ºC nas diferentes soluções de própolis, assim como em solução salina balanceada de Hank's (HBSS), utilizada como controle do experimento. A viabilidade celular foi determinada pelo método de exclusão com azul de Tripan. Quando incubadas por 1h, apenas dois extratos, denominados A70D e D70D, apresentaram desempenho satisfatório na manutenção da viabilidade celular, semelhante (p > 0,05) ao controle HBSS e diferindo estatisticamente (p < 0,05) das demais formulações. A70D e D70D foram então testados em cinco diluições em propilenoglicol, ao longo de 24h, com análise nos tempos 0, 30 min., 1, 3, 6, 10 e 24h. As frações mais concentradas apresentaram pior desempenho (p < 0,05) em relação aos seus extratos originais que mantiveram viabilidade próxima a 80% ao longo de 24h. A redução da viabilidade proporcional ao aumento da concentração das frações foi observada. Os resultados sugerem que soluções de própolis, em concentrações adequadas, podem ser utilizadas nos estudos futuros sobre alternativas aos meios de conservação de dentes avulsionados rotineiramente utilizados na prática odontológica.

In this study a comparison was made of human mononuclear cell (PBMCs) viability, when cells were kept in different propolis extracts and formulations. PBMCs (106 cell mL-1), obtained from healthy donors (n=5), were incubated at 20ºC in the different propolis solutions, as well as in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), used as experimental control. The cell viability was analyzed by Trypan blue exclusion assay. When incubated for 1h, only two extracts, denominated A70D and D70D, showed appropriate results for maintaining cell viability. A70D and D70D showed better viability (p < 0.05) than other formulations and no difference (p > 0.05) from the HBSS control. A70D and D70D were tested in five dilutions in propylene glycol, over 24h, with analysis at 0, 30 minutes, 1, 3, 6, 10 and 24h. The most concentrated fractions showed the worst performance (p < 0.05) in comparison with their original extracts, which remained close to 80% viability over 24h. Reduction in viability proportional to increase in concentration of formulations was observed. The results suggest that propolis solutions in appropriate concentrations may be used in future studies on alternatives to mediums routinely used in dental practice for storing avulsed teeth.

Study of the effectiveness of propolis extract as a storage medium for avulsed teeth.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of propolis extract in maintaining the viability of human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells, and to radiographically analyze tooth replantation and the adjacent periodontium in dogs after storage in this extract. Human PDL cells were incubated with the experimental media propolis, milk, saliva, Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), and Dulbecco's modified Eagles medium (DMEM, positive controls), and distilled water (negative control). Cell viability was determined 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h later by colorimetric MTT assay. Thirty incisors from dogs were divided into two storage time blocks (1 and 3 h) and were maintained in the experimental media. HBSS served as a positive control, and dry teeth (on gauze) as a negative control. The replanted teeth were radiographed once per month for 6 months. The radiographic images were standardized by the shortening/lengthening factor, and were both qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The in vitro results showed that the efficacy of propolis in maintaining functional viability of PDL cells was similar to that of milk. Propolis and milk were significantly better than controls from the 6-h time period. The in vivo results showed that teeth maintained in propolis medium exhibited replacement resorption with significant reduction in tooth length, similar to teeth maintained in saliva and dried teeth. This resorption was less intense with the 3-h storage time than the 1-h storage time. Conditions close to normal were found in teeth maintained in milk, similar to the HBSS control. Therefore, although propolis was effective in maintaining the viability of human PDL cells, resorption of the tooth replantation in dogs occurred under these experimental conditions.

Antifungal activity of propolis extract against yeasts isolated from onychomycosis lesions.

The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro activity of propolis extract against 67 yeasts isolated from onychomycosis in patients attending at the Teaching and Research Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the State University of Maringá. The method used was an adaptation made from the protocol approved by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. The yeasts tested were: Candida parapsilosis 35%, C. tropicalis 23%, C. albicans 13%, and other species 29%. The propolis extract showed excellent performance regarding its antifungal activity: the concentration capable of inhibiting the all of the yeasts was 5 x 10(-2) mg/ml of flavonoids and 2 x 10(-2) mg/ml of flavonoids stimulated their cellular death. Trichosporon sp. were the most sensitive species, showing MIC50 and MIC90 of 1.25 x 10(-2) mg/ml of flavonoids, and C. tropicalis was the most resistant, with CFM50 of 5 x 10(-2) mg/ml of flavonoids and MFC90 of 10 x 10(-2) mg/ml. In view of the fact that propolis is a natural, low cost, nontoxic product with proven antifungal activity, it should be considered as another option in the onychomycosis treatment.

Antifungal activity of propolis extract against yeasts isolated from onychomycosis lesions

The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro activity of propolis extract against 67 yeasts isolated from onychomycosis in patients attending at the Teaching and Research Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the State University of Maringá. The method used was an adaptation made from the protocol approved by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. The yeasts tested were: Candida parapsilosis 35 percent, C. tropicalis 23 percent, C. albicans 13 percent, and other species 29 percent. The propolis extract showed excellent performance regarding its antifungal activity: the concentration capable of inhibiting the all of the yeasts was 5 Î 10-2 mg/ml of flavonoids and 2 Î 10-2 mg/ml of flavonoids stimulated their cellular death. Trichosporon sp. were the most sensitive species, showing MIC50 and MIC90 of 1.25 Î 10-2 mg/ml of flavonoids, and C. tropicalis was the most resistant, with CFM50 of 5 Î 10-2 mg/ml of flavonoids and MFC90 of 10 Î 10-2 mg/ml. In view of the fact that propolis is a natural, low cost, non-toxic product with proven antifungal activity, it should be considered as another option in the onychomycosis treatment.

Analysis of neolignans compounds of Piper regnellii (Miq.) C. DC. var. pallescens (C. DC.) Yunck by HPLC.

A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed and validated for quantitative determination of neolignans in extracts of Piper regnellii var. pallescens. The analysis were carried out on a Metasil ODS column (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) at 30 degrees C, using as mobile phase acetonitrile-water (60:40, v/v) containing 2% acetic acid. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min and the detection was at 280 nm. The validation using conocarpan as standard demonstrated that the method presents linearity (linear correlation coefficient=0.9991), precision (relative standard deviation <5%) and accuracy (mean recovery=104.55%) in the concentration range 31.25-500 microg/ml. The limit of detection (LOD) was 1.68 microg/ml and the limit of quantitation was 5.60 microg/ml. This method allowed the identification and quantification of conocarpan, eupomatenoid-5 and eupomatenoid-6 in the hydroethanolic extracts obtained from the leaves, stems and roots by maceration process. All the extracts showed the same chromatographic profile, being that the extract of the roots presented the highest concentration of neolignans.

Contribuição ao protocolo de controle de qualidade da própolis e de seus extratos / Contribution to the quality control protocol of propolis and its extracts

Um protocolo de controle de qualidade da própolis (droga) e de seus extratos foi proposto no presente trabalho. Própolis coletada em colméias de abelhas Apis mellifera L., de apiário localizado na região noroeste do Estado do Paraná, foi triturada e submetida à determinação do tamanho médio das partículas, da perda por dessecação, do teor de cinzas, do teor de ceras, do teor de extrativos em água e em etanol 96°GL e do teor de flavonóides totais. Extratos etanólicos (96°GL) de própolis a 10 por cento (p/p) e a 30 por cento (p/p)foram preparados e submetidos à determinação do pH, da densidade relativa, do resíduo seco, do teor alcoólico e do teor de flavonóides totais. A própolis foi analisada, também, através de Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (Clae). Neste trabalho compararam-se os resultados obtidos com os descritos na literatura, observando-se que é possível estabelecer faixas de valores para parâmetros que são importantes no protocolo de controle de qualidade de uma amostra de própolis de seus extratos.

Efecto del propóleos en la cicatrización de lesiones subcutáneas inducidas en el dorso de ratones: estudio histológico / Effect of the propolis in induced subcutaneous wounds healing in mice: histologic study

Se sabe que el propósito posee características antisépticas, cicatrizantes y anestésicas, razón por la cual es ampliamente utilizado por la población, principalmente para el tratamiento de heridas cutáneas. Considerando lo anteriormente expuesto, nos propusimos analizar histológicamente la acción de la solución de extracto alcohólico del propóleos en heridas, creadas en el dorso de ratones, adonde quedó expuesto el tejido conectivo. Los resultados mostraron que el propóleos no provocó una reacción inflamatoria en el tejido conectivo, promoviendo neo-formación vascular y fibrobástica, induciendo a la formación epiletial. Así, el propóleos puede ser indicado para el tratamiento y reparación por segunda intensión de heridas abiertas en el tejido subcuntáneo

Efeito da açäo da própolis na lâmina própria da mucosa bucal de ratos: estudo histológico / Propolis effects on the lamina propria of the rats oral mucosal histologic study

Devido ao poder anti-séptico, cicatrizante e anestésico da soluçäo de própolis, e a sua ampla utilizaçäo pela populaçäo para o tratamento de aftas bucais, no propusemos a verificar histologicamente a açäo da soluçäo de extrato alcóolico de própolis em feridas da mucosa bucal de ratos após confecçäo de lesäo expondo o tecido conjuntivo subjacente. Os ratos foram divididos, de acordo com o tratamento recebido, em: tratamento com álcool 96º GL. tratamento com soluçäo alcóolica de própolis a 10 por cento e tratamento com soluçäo alcóolica de própolis a 30 por cento. Os grupos receberam curativos de 6 em 6 horas durante 3, 5, 10 e 14 dias, quando os animais foram sacrificados e as análises realizadas. Os resultados indicaram que a própolis näo provoca reaçäo inflamtória e induz a formaçäo epitelial, bem como a neoformaçäo vascular e fibroblástica do tecido conjuntivo subjacente. Desta forma, conluímos que a própolis pode ser indicada para o tratamento e reparaçäo de feridas abertas por 2ª intençäo em mucosa bucal